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Henschel Hs 293

January 06, 2023

The Henschel Hs 293 was a World War II German radio-guided glide bomb. It is the first operational anti-shipping missile, first used unsuccessfully on 25 August 1943 and then with increasing success over the next year, ultimately damaging or sinking at least 25 ships. Allied efforts to jam the radio control link were increasingly successful despite German efforts to counter them. The weapon remained in use through 1944 when it was also used as an air-to-ground weapon to attack bridges to prevent the Allied breakout after D-Day, but proved almost useless in this role.

Henschel Hs 293
Hs 293 on display at the Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin, Germany, with added "Kopfring" (lit. "head ring") on the nose for nautical targets
TypeAnti-ship glide bomb
Place of originNazi Germany
Service history
In service1943–1945
Used byLuftwaffe
WarsWorld War II
Production history
Designed1940–1943
ManufacturerHenschel Flugzeug-Werke AG
Produced1942 - ?
No. built1,000
Specifications
Mass1,045 kilograms (2,304 lb)
Length3.82 metres (12.5 ft)
Width3.1 metres (10 ft)
Diameter0.47 metres (1.5 ft)
Warheadexplosive
Warhead weight295 kilograms (650 lb)
Engineliquid-propellant rocket HWK 109-507 motor, 5.9 kN (1,300 lbf) thrust for 10 s; subsequently glided to target
Operational
range
at 2.2 kilometres (7,200 ft) altitude:
4 kilometres (13,000 ft)
at 4 kilometres (13,000 ft) altitude:
5.5 kilometres (18,000 ft)
at 5 kilometres (16,000 ft) altitude:
8.5 kilometres (28,000 ft)
Maximum speed maximum: 260 metres per second (850 ft/s)
average: 230 metres per second (750 ft/s)
Guidance
system
Kehl-Strassburg FuG 203/230; MCLOS using a joystick

Development

 
A schematic drawing of a Hs 293
 
The Walter 109-507 rocket motor unit with propellant tanks, removed from its nacelle under the Hs 293.
 
An Hs 293 A-1 on display at the Udvar-Hazy Center.

The Hs 293 project was started in 1940, based on the "Gustav Schwartz Propellerwerke" pure glide bomb that was designed in 1939. The Schwartz design did not have a terminal guidance system; instead, it used an autopilot to maintain a straight course. It was intended to be launched from a bomber at sufficient distance to keep the aircraft out of range of anti-aircraft fire. A Henschel team, under Dr. Herbert Wagner,[1] developed it the following year by adding a Walter HWK 109-507 rocket engine underneath, providing 590 kgf (1,300 lbf; 5.8 kN)[2] thrust for ten seconds. This allowed the bomb to be used from a lower altitude and at an increased range. Some examples used the BMW 109-511 of 600 kgf (1,300 lbf; 5.9 kN) thrust.[2]

The first flight attempts took place between May and September 1940, with unpowered drops from Heinkel He 111 medium bombers used as carrier aircraft; the first Walter rocket motor-powered tests had been conducted by the end of 1940.

The weapon consisted of a modified standard 500 kilogram Sprengbombe-Cylindrisch-class SC 500 "general purpose" bomb[3] with an added "Kopfring" on the nose for maritime use, to help ensure a relatively perpendicular axis of impact,[4] with a thin metal shell and a high explosive charge inside, equipped with a rocket engine beneath the bomb, a pair of aileron-fitted wings, and the receiving FuG 230 component of the Kehl-Straßburg MCLOS guidance and control system, shared with the contemporary Fritz X gravity-propulsion, pioneering PGM armor-piercing bomb. The elevator was operated with an electrically powered jackscrew as the only proportional control, while the ailerons were operated with solenoids. Remote flight control was provided through the Kehl-Straßburg link, with the Hs 293's control setup having no movable rudder on the ventral tailfin. The 109-507 monopropellant booster rocket provided for only a short burst of speed making range dependent on the launch altitude.

The Hs 293 was intended to destroy unarmoured ships,[2] unlike the unpowered, armour-piercing Fritz X, which used the same Kehl-Straßburg system. Five coloured flares were attached to the rear of the weapon to make it visible at a distance to the operator. During night operations flashing lights instead of flares were used.[5]

After the missile was launched, the bomber flew parallel to the target so as to be able to maintain a slant line of sight.[6]

Electronic countermeasures

The Allies put considerable effort into developing devices which jammed the radio link between Kehl transmitter and Straßburg receiver. Jammers aboard U.S. Navy destroyer escorts were ineffective at first, as the frequencies selected for jamming were incorrect. On balance, the probability that a Hs 293 launched (and seen as responding to operator guidance) would actually strike a target (or achieve a damage-inflicting near-miss) was about the same at the Battle of Anzio as it was during Operation Avalanche.

As attacks were taking place at Anzio, the United Kingdom began to deploy its Type 650 transmitter which employed a different approach to interfering with the FuG 203/230 radio link, by jamming the Straßburg receiver's intermediate frequency section, which operated at a 3 MHz frequency and appears to have been quite successful, especially because the operator did not have to attempt to find which of the eighteen selected Kehl-Straßburg command frequencies were in use and then manually tune the jamming transmitter to one of them. The Type 650 automatically defeated the receiver, regardless which radio frequency had been selected for a missile.

Following several intelligence coups, including a capture of an intact Hs 293 at Anzio and recovery of important components of the Kehl transmitter from a crashed Heinkel He 177 on Corsica, the Allies were able to develop far more effective countermeasures, in time for the invasion of Normandy and Operation Dragoon. These included AIL's Type MAS jammer, which employed sophisticated signals to defeat the Kehl transmission and to take over command of the Hs 293, steering it into the sea via a sequence of right-turn commands. In contrast to the experience at Anzio, the jammers seemed to have had a major impact on operations after April 1944, with significant degradation observed in the probability that a Hs 293 missile could achieve a hit or damage-causing near miss.[7]

To improve control of the weapon and reduce vulnerability of the launching aircraft, wire-guided Hs 293B and television-guided Hs 293D variants were planned; neither was operational before the war ended.[8] There was also a tailless delta winged Hs 293F.[8] In addition, there was a Hs 293H air-to-air model.[8] Over 1,000 were built, from 1942 onwards. The closest Allied weapon system in function and purpose to the Hs 293 series was the US Navy's Bat unpowered, autonomously radar-guided unit.

Later developments

The Hs 293 also served as the basis for a number of developments, none completed. These included the Hs 294, "designed specifically to penetrate the water and strike a ship below the waterline", with a long, conical shaped forebody[9] and a pair of the Hs 293A's standard Walter HWK 109-507 booster engines at the wing roots; the Hs 295, with longer fuselage, larger warhead and Hs 294 wings; the Hs 296, with Hs 294 afterparts, Hs 295 warhead and Hs 293 Kehl-Straßurg MCLOS control systems.[2]

Operational history

 
U.S. military intelligence datasheet on the Henschel Hs 293.

On 25 August 1943, an Hs 293 was used in the first successful attack by a guided missile, striking the sloop HMS Bideford; however, as the warhead did not detonate, the damage was minimal. On 27 August, the sinking of the British sloop HMS Egret by a squadron of 18 Dornier Do 217 carrying Hs 293s led to anti-U-boat patrols in the Bay of Biscay being temporarily suspended.[10] On 26 November, an Hs 293 sank the troop transport HMT Rohna killing over 1,000 personnel.

Other ships sunk or damaged by the Hs 293 include:

Although designed for use against ships, it was also used in Normandy in early August 1944 to attack bridges over the Sée and Sélune rivers. One bridge was slightly damaged for the loss of six of the attacking aircraft.[16] The attack on 7 August 1944 at Pontaubault, performed by Do 217 of III./KG 100, was the first usage of a standoff missile against a land target.[17] On 12 April 1945 Hs 293A bombs were used once more, against bridges on the Oder, by Do 217 bombers of KG 200.[17]

The Hs 293 was carried on Heinkel He 111, Heinkel He 177, Focke-Wulf Fw 200, and Dornier Do 217 planes. However, only the He 177 (of I and II.Gruppen/KG 40), certain variants of the Fw 200 (of III./KG 40) and the Do 217 (of II./KG 100 and III./KG 100) used the Hs 293 operationally in combat.

Variants

 
Henschel Hs 293B guided bomb on display at the 2013 Australian War Memorial open day
  • Hs 293A-0, the first production version.[18]
  • Hs 293A-1, main production version [18]
  • Hs 293A-2, steel construction rather than aluminium.[18]
  • Hs 293A-v5 A-1 with shortened wings.[18]
  • Hs 293B wire-guided to prevent jamming; although jamming would eventually make the Hs 293 ineffective, it was never put into production.[18]
  • Hs 293C (production version designated Hs 293A-2) had the detachable warhead of the Hs 294.
  • Hs 293D was television-guided, with a large Yagi antenna transmitting back to the launch aircraft.[18] Seventy were built and tested, but it was never used operationally.
  • Hs 293E, an experimental model to test spoiler controls as a replacement to ailerons; never put into series production. This modification was put into the final version of the Hs 293A-2 but by then the Luftwaffe had no aircraft available for anti-shipping operations and it was never deployed.
  • Hs 293F, a tailless delta-wing variant; never got further than the design phase.[18]
  • Hs 293H, an experimental variant designed to be launched from one aircraft and controlled from another. Abandoned because allied air superiority had reached the point where it was felt that the second aircraft would be unable to remain in the vicinity of the ship for long enough. Used the Schmidding solid-fuel rocket motor. It was also considered as an anti-aircraft missile.[18]
  • Hs 293-U6, the short wingspan variant, fitted with a solid fuel motor and intended for launching from the Arado Ar 234 jet bomber at 720 km/h (447 mph). The missile did not proceed past the design stage.[18]

Operators

See also

References

  1. ^ Christopher, John. The Race for Hitler's X-Planes (The Mill, Gloucestershire: History Press, 2013), p.134.
  2. ^ a b c d Christopher, p.134.
  3. ^ "Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum – Collections – Objects – Missile, Air-to-Surface, Henschel Hs 293 A-1". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  4. ^ "U.S. Army Technical Manual #TM 9-1985-2, German Explosive Ordnance" (PDF). ibiblio.org/hyperwar. p. 15. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2006-07-24.
  6. ^ "Pilot Sights Rocket Bomb By Tail Light" Popular Mechanics, July 1944 - World War Two illustration of Hs 123A-1 and flight path for attacking shipping
  7. ^ Martin J. Bollinger, Warriors and Wizards: Development and Defeat of Radio-Controlled Glide Bombs of the Third Reich, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press(2010).
  8. ^ a b c Christopher, p.135.
  9. ^ http://www.airwar.ru/image/i/weapon/hs294sh.jpg[bare URL image file]
  10. ^ Milner, Marc (1994). The U-boat hunters: the Royal Canadian Navy and the offensive against Germany's submarines. University of Toronto Press, p. 57
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-07-05.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Bogart, Charles H. "German Remotely Piloted Bombs" United States Naval Institute Proceedings November 1976 pp.62-68
  13. ^ Blair, Clay Hitler's U-Boat War, The Hunted 1942–1945 Random House (1998) ISBN 0-679-45742-9 p.405
  14. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (2009). Operation Dragoon 1944: France's other D-Day. Osprey. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-84603-367-4.
  15. ^ See Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. This indicates that the three Hs 293 missiles targeted at Tillman exploded without damage but that a torpedo exploding in the ship's wake did cause damage.
  16. ^ The Henschel HS 293 Radio-controlled glider bomb Archived 2012-09-10 at archive.today
  17. ^ a b Scutts, Jerry: Dornier Do 217, Warpaint Series No.24, Hall Park Books Ltd: Milton Keynes, p.16-21
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hogg, Ian V. (1970). "Hs-293". German Secret Weapons of World War 2. Arms and Armour Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 085368-053-1.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henschel Hs 293.
  • Smithsonian NASM's Hs 293A-1 page 2016-11-27 at the Wayback Machine
  • The Dawn of the Smart Bomb
  • Video about the Hs293d
  • "How Radio-Controlled Bombs Were Jammed", C.I.C. (Combat Information Center), U.S. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Dec. 1945.
  • "Rocket Glider Bomb Is New Nazi Weapon" , December 1943, Popular Science One of the first public articles on the Hs 293, including speculation as to what it looked like and how it operated.

January 06, 2023
henschel, world, german, radio, guided, glide, bomb, first, operational, anti, shipping, missile, first, used, unsuccessfully, august, 1943, then, with, increasing, success, over, next, year, ultimately, damaging, sinking, least, ships, allied, efforts, radio,. The Henschel Hs 293 was a World War II German radio guided glide bomb It is the first operational anti shipping missile first used unsuccessfully on 25 August 1943 and then with increasing success over the next year ultimately damaging or sinking at least 25 ships Allied efforts to jam the radio control link were increasingly successful despite German efforts to counter them The weapon remained in use through 1944 when it was also used as an air to ground weapon to attack bridges to prevent the Allied breakout after D Day but proved almost useless in this role Henschel Hs 293Hs 293 on display at the Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin Germany with added Kopfring lit head ring on the nose for nautical targetsTypeAnti ship glide bombPlace of originNazi GermanyService historyIn service1943 1945Used byLuftwaffeWarsWorld War IIProduction historyDesigned1940 1943ManufacturerHenschel Flugzeug Werke AGProduced1942 No built1 000SpecificationsMass1 045 kilograms 2 304 lb Length3 82 metres 12 5 ft Width3 1 metres 10 ft Diameter0 47 metres 1 5 ft WarheadexplosiveWarhead weight295 kilograms 650 lb Engineliquid propellant rocket HWK 109 507 motor 5 9 kN 1 300 lbf thrust for 10 s subsequently glided to targetOperationalrangeat 2 2 kilometres 7 200 ft altitude 4 kilometres 13 000 ft at 4 kilometres 13 000 ft altitude 5 5 kilometres 18 000 ft at 5 kilometres 16 000 ft altitude 8 5 kilometres 28 000 ft Maximum speedmaximum 260 metres per second 850 ft s average 230 metres per second 750 ft s GuidancesystemKehl Strassburg FuG 203 230 MCLOS using a joystick Contents 1 Development 1 1 Electronic countermeasures 1 2 Later developments 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDevelopment Edit A schematic drawing of a Hs 293 The Walter 109 507 rocket motor unit with propellant tanks removed from its nacelle under the Hs 293 An Hs 293 A 1 on display at the Udvar Hazy Center The Hs 293 project was started in 1940 based on the Gustav Schwartz Propellerwerke pure glide bomb that was designed in 1939 The Schwartz design did not have a terminal guidance system instead it used an autopilot to maintain a straight course It was intended to be launched from a bomber at sufficient distance to keep the aircraft out of range of anti aircraft fire A Henschel team under Dr Herbert Wagner 1 developed it the following year by adding a Walter HWK 109 507 rocket engine underneath providing 590 kgf 1 300 lbf 5 8 kN 2 thrust for ten seconds This allowed the bomb to be used from a lower altitude and at an increased range Some examples used the BMW 109 511 of 600 kgf 1 300 lbf 5 9 kN thrust 2 The first flight attempts took place between May and September 1940 with unpowered drops from Heinkel He 111 medium bombers used as carrier aircraft the first Walter rocket motor powered tests had been conducted by the end of 1940 The weapon consisted of a modified standard 500 kilogram Sprengbombe Cylindrisch class SC 500 general purpose bomb 3 with an added Kopfring on the nose for maritime use to help ensure a relatively perpendicular axis of impact 4 with a thin metal shell and a high explosive charge inside equipped with a rocket engine beneath the bomb a pair of aileron fitted wings and the receiving FuG 230 component of the Kehl Strassburg MCLOS guidance and control system shared with the contemporary Fritz X gravity propulsion pioneering PGM armor piercing bomb The elevator was operated with an electrically powered jackscrew as the only proportional control while the ailerons were operated with solenoids Remote flight control was provided through the Kehl Strassburg link with the Hs 293 s control setup having no movable rudder on the ventral tailfin The 109 507 monopropellant booster rocket provided for only a short burst of speed making range dependent on the launch altitude The Hs 293 was intended to destroy unarmoured ships 2 unlike the unpowered armour piercing Fritz X which used the same Kehl Strassburg system Five coloured flares were attached to the rear of the weapon to make it visible at a distance to the operator During night operations flashing lights instead of flares were used 5 After the missile was launched the bomber flew parallel to the target so as to be able to maintain a slant line of sight 6 Electronic countermeasures Edit The Allies put considerable effort into developing devices which jammed the radio link between Kehl transmitter and Strassburg receiver Jammers aboard U S Navy destroyer escorts were ineffective at first as the frequencies selected for jamming were incorrect On balance the probability that a Hs 293 launched and seen as responding to operator guidance would actually strike a target or achieve a damage inflicting near miss was about the same at the Battle of Anzio as it was during Operation Avalanche As attacks were taking place at Anzio the United Kingdom began to deploy its Type 650 transmitter which employed a different approach to interfering with the FuG 203 230 radio link by jamming the Strassburg receiver s intermediate frequency section which operated at a 3 MHz frequency and appears to have been quite successful especially because the operator did not have to attempt to find which of the eighteen selected Kehl Strassburg command frequencies were in use and then manually tune the jamming transmitter to one of them The Type 650 automatically defeated the receiver regardless which radio frequency had been selected for a missile Following several intelligence coups including a capture of an intact Hs 293 at Anzio and recovery of important components of the Kehl transmitter from a crashed Heinkel He 177 on Corsica the Allies were able to develop far more effective countermeasures in time for the invasion of Normandy and Operation Dragoon These included AIL s Type MAS jammer which employed sophisticated signals to defeat the Kehl transmission and to take over command of the Hs 293 steering it into the sea via a sequence of right turn commands In contrast to the experience at Anzio the jammers seemed to have had a major impact on operations after April 1944 with significant degradation observed in the probability that a Hs 293 missile could achieve a hit or damage causing near miss 7 To improve control of the weapon and reduce vulnerability of the launching aircraft wire guided Hs 293B and television guided Hs 293D variants were planned neither was operational before the war ended 8 There was also a tailless delta winged Hs 293F 8 In addition there was a Hs 293H air to air model 8 Over 1 000 were built from 1942 onwards The closest Allied weapon system in function and purpose to the Hs 293 series was the US Navy s Bat unpowered autonomously radar guided unit Later developments Edit The Hs 293 also served as the basis for a number of developments none completed These included the Hs 294 designed specifically to penetrate the water and strike a ship below the waterline with a long conical shaped forebody 9 and a pair of the Hs 293A s standard Walter HWK 109 507 booster engines at the wing roots the Hs 295 with longer fuselage larger warhead and Hs 294 wings the Hs 296 with Hs 294 afterparts Hs 295 warhead and Hs 293 Kehl Strassurg MCLOS control systems 2 Operational history Edit U S military intelligence datasheet on the Henschel Hs 293 On 25 August 1943 an Hs 293 was used in the first successful attack by a guided missile striking the sloop HMS Bideford however as the warhead did not detonate the damage was minimal On 27 August the sinking of the British sloop HMS Egret by a squadron of 18 Dornier Do 217 carrying Hs 293s led to anti U boat patrols in the Bay of Biscay being temporarily suspended 10 On 26 November an Hs 293 sank the troop transport HMT Rohna killing over 1 000 personnel Other ships sunk or damaged by the Hs 293 include HMCS Athabaskan heavily damaged by confirmed hit with Egret in Bay of Biscay 27 August 1943 11 Italian destroyer Ugolino Vivaldi heavily damaged and scuttled off Sardinia on 10 September 1943 SS Bushrod Washington sunk 14 September 1943 during Operation Avalanche 12 SS Delius damaged HMS Dulverton heavily damaged and scuttled SS Elihu Yale sunk off Anzio during Operation Shingle 16 February 1944 LCT 35 alongside was also destroyed 12 USS Herbert C Jones damaged off Anzio during Operation Shingle 15 February 1944 12 SS Hiram S Maxim damaged HMS Inglefield sunk SS James W Marshall damaged 15 September 1943 during Operation Avalanche and subsequently used as part of the Mulberry harbour possibly hit by a Fritz X 12 HMS Janus sunk possibly by an Hs 293 or a torpedo HMS Jervis damaged off Anzio during Operation Shingle 23 January 1944 12 SS John Banvard damaged Banff class sloop HMS Landguard slightly damaged with Bideford in Bay of Biscay 25 August 1943 13 HMS LST 79 sunk USS LST 282 sunk during Operation Dragoon 14 HMS Lawford sunk probably by an Hs 293 official report states aerial torpedo MV Marsa sunk HMCS Matane damaged USS Mayo damaged possibly by an Hs 293 or a mine HMHS Newfoundland heavily damaged and later scuttled by US Navy destroyer Plunkett USS Prevail damaged possibly by an Hs 293 HMS Rockwood damaged slightly later written off SS Samite damaged SS Samuel Huntington sunk off Anzio during Operation Shingle 29 January 1944 12 SS Selvik damaged HMS Spartan sunk off Anzio during Operation Shingle 29 January 1944 12 USS Tillman slightly damaged 6 November 1943 while escorting Mediterranean convoy KMF 25A 12 though more likely a torpedo was the cause 15 Although designed for use against ships it was also used in Normandy in early August 1944 to attack bridges over the See and Selune rivers One bridge was slightly damaged for the loss of six of the attacking aircraft 16 The attack on 7 August 1944 at Pontaubault performed by Do 217 of III KG 100 was the first usage of a standoff missile against a land target 17 On 12 April 1945 Hs 293A bombs were used once more against bridges on the Oder by Do 217 bombers of KG 200 17 The Hs 293 was carried on Heinkel He 111 Heinkel He 177 Focke Wulf Fw 200 and Dornier Do 217 planes However only the He 177 of I and II Gruppen KG 40 certain variants of the Fw 200 of III KG 40 and the Do 217 of II KG 100 and III KG 100 used the Hs 293 operationally in combat Variants Edit Henschel Hs 293B guided bomb on display at the 2013 Australian War Memorial open day Hs 293A 0 the first production version 18 Hs 293A 1 main production version 18 Hs 293A 2 steel construction rather than aluminium 18 Hs 293A v5 A 1 with shortened wings 18 Hs 293B wire guided to prevent jamming although jamming would eventually make the Hs 293 ineffective it was never put into production 18 Hs 293C production version designated Hs 293A 2 had the detachable warhead of the Hs 294 Hs 293D was television guided with a large Yagi antenna transmitting back to the launch aircraft 18 Seventy were built and tested but it was never used operationally Hs 293E an experimental model to test spoiler controls as a replacement to ailerons never put into series production This modification was put into the final version of the Hs 293A 2 but by then the Luftwaffe had no aircraft available for anti shipping operations and it was never deployed Hs 293F a tailless delta wing variant never got further than the design phase 18 Hs 293H an experimental variant designed to be launched from one aircraft and controlled from another Abandoned because allied air superiority had reached the point where it was felt that the second aircraft would be unable to remain in the vicinity of the ship for long enough Used the Schmidding solid fuel rocket motor It was also considered as an anti aircraft missile 18 Hs 293 U6 the short wingspan variant fitted with a solid fuel motor and intended for launching from the Arado Ar 234 jet bomber at 720 km h 447 mph The missile did not proceed past the design stage 18 Operators EditLuftwaffeSee also EditList of World War II guided missiles of Germany Azon gravity propulsion American 1 000 lb laterally steerable guided ordnance Henschel Hs 294 further development of the Hs 293 Kampfgeschwader 100 the pioneering PGM deployment bomber wing of the Luftwaffe Bat autonomously radar guided U S Navy glide bomb Fritz X armoured casing anti ship guidable smart bomb precursorReferences Edit Christopher John The Race for Hitler s X Planes The Mill Gloucestershire History Press 2013 p 134 a b c d Christopher p 134 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Collections Objects Missile Air to Surface Henschel Hs 293 A 1 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Retrieved August 1 2013 U S Army Technical Manual TM 9 1985 2 German Explosive Ordnance PDF ibiblio org hyperwar p 15 Retrieved August 1 2013 Guided German air to ground weapons in WW2 Archived from the original on 2008 01 12 Retrieved 2006 07 24 Pilot Sights Rocket Bomb By Tail Light Popular Mechanics July 1944 World War Two illustration of Hs 123A 1 and flight path for attacking shipping Martin J Bollinger Warriors and Wizards Development and Defeat of Radio Controlled Glide Bombs of the Third Reich Annapolis Naval Institute Press 2010 a b c Christopher p 135 http www airwar ru image i weapon hs294sh jpg bare URL image file Milner Marc 1994 The U boat hunters the Royal Canadian Navy and the offensive against Germany s submarines University of Toronto Press p 57 ATHABASKAN page Archived from the original on 2008 07 05 a b c d e f g h Bogart Charles H German Remotely Piloted Bombs United States Naval Institute Proceedings November 1976 pp 62 68 Blair Clay Hitler s U Boat War The Hunted 1942 1945 Random House 1998 ISBN 0 679 45742 9 p 405 Zaloga Steven J 2009 Operation Dragoon 1944 France s other D Day Osprey p 50 ISBN 978 1 84603 367 4 SeeDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships This indicates that the three Hs 293 missiles targeted at Tillman exploded without damage but that a torpedo exploding in the ship s wake did cause damage The Henschel HS 293 Radio controlled glider bomb Archived 2012 09 10 at archive today a b Scutts Jerry Dornier Do 217 Warpaint Series No 24 Hall Park Books Ltd Milton Keynes p 16 21 a b c d e f g h i Hogg Ian V 1970 Hs 293 German Secret Weapons of World War 2 Arms and Armour Press pp 23 25 ISBN 085368 053 1 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henschel Hs 293 Smithsonian NASM s Hs 293A 1 page Archived 2016 11 27 at the Wayback Machine The Dawn of the Smart Bomb Video about the Hs293d German guided air to ground weapons in WW2 How Radio Controlled Bombs Were Jammed C I C Combat Information Center U S Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Dec 1945 Rocket Glider Bomb Is New Nazi Weapon December 1943 Popular Science One of the first public articles on the Hs 293 including speculation as to what it looked like and how it operated Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henschel Hs 293 amp oldid 1112349812, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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