fbpx
Wikipedia

Henry III, Duke of Głogów

Henry III of Głogów (Polish: Henryk; 1251/60 – 11 December 1310) was a duke of Glogów from 1274 to his death and also duke of parts of Greater Poland during 1306–1310.

He was one of the sons (probably the second)[1] of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów, by his first wife Salome, daughter of Duke Władysław of Greater Poland.

Life edit

Early years edit

Little is known about his first years of life. In 1267 Henry III participated in the canonization of his great-grandmother Hedwig of Andechs. At the time of his father's death in 1274 he and his brothers are still minors; for this, his step-mother Sophie of Landsberg (widow of his father) and the Chancellor Mikołaj took their guardianship. Shortly after, they sold the towns of Bolesławiec and Nowogrodziec nad Kwisą to the Archbishop of Magdeburg.

Beginning of cooperation with Henry II Probus edit

The first participation of Henry III in the political arena was in 1277, when together with Przemysł II of Greater Poland he took part in an armed expedition against his uncle Bolesław II the Bald. The trip was provoked by the attitude of the Duke of Legnica, who, in order to obtain territorial concessions, kidnapped the young Henry IV and imprisoned him in his castle of Legnica. Henry III and the Bohemian King Ottokar II formed a coalition of Silesian Princes to help the prisoner Duke. However, they were defeated in the Battle of Stolec on 24 April 1277. At the head of the Legnica troops came the son and heir of Bolesław II, Henry V the Fat. It was probably here that the conflicts between him and Henry V began, which later caused great suffering to the Duke of Legnica.

Fall of King Ottokar II and Division of the Duchy of Głogów edit

One year later Henry III participated in the great Battle on the Marchfeld (26 August 1278), where King Ottokar II was defeated and killed. In the same year Henry III was forced to make a division of his lands between his brothers: he retained the main cities of the Duchy —Głogów, Bytom Odrzański and Kożuchów—; Konrad II the Hunchback obtained Ścinawa and Przemko received Żagań and Nowogród Bobrzański; soon after Konrad II went to study in Bologna, and Henry IV Probus took his lands in his name; with this, the ruler of Wroclaw showed his intentions to stretch his sovereignty over all the other Głogów princes and Silesian rulers.

Influence of Henry IV Probus over Silesia edit

In 1281 Henry III, together with Henry V the Fat and Przemysł II of Greater Poland were invited by Henry IV Probus to a meeting in Sądowel. The Duke of Wrocław broke the law of hospitality and captured the three Dukes. Henry IV released them only after they recognized his overlordship.[2] Although the agreement was concluded under duress, it has stood the test of time and in the next few years, we see Henry III, together with his brother Przemko II among the close associates of the Duke of Wroclaw in his great political ecclesiastical conflict Thomas II, bishop of Wroclaw.[3] His loyalty to Henry IV Probus caused that the ruler of Głogów would be excommunicated twice.[4] It was only after the death of Henry IV that Henry III's relations with the clergy returned to normality.

Henry IV's death and execution of his will edit

The close cooperation between Henry III and Henryk IV Probus was evident when in Krosno Odrzańskie on 11 January 1288 Henry III was knighted by the Duke of Wrocław.[5] The major proof of the subjugation of the Duke of Glogów was after the death of his brother Przemko on 26 February 1289: his Duchy of Ścinawa was annexed by Henry IV without any protest of Henry III. However, one year later, on 23 June 1290, Henry IV Probus died suddenly, probably poisoned,[6] an event which seriously affected the further career of the Duke of Glogów. In his will, the dying Duke of Wrocław left Henry III as his main heir. However, the Wrocław knights and burghers had other plans and one month later (mid-July 1290) they forced Henry I to escape. As their new ruler, the rebels invited Duke Henry V the Fat of Legnica to take the government. The reasons for the Wrocław revolt were unknown, but maybe the harsh rule of Henry III was a decisive factor. In any event, Henry III refused to accept this and immediately declared war on Henry V.

War against Henry V the Fat edit

Shortly after taking control over Wrocław, Henry V the Fat forced the Duke of Głogów to renounce all his pretensions over the disputed territories of Chojnów, Boleslawiec, Gościszów, Nowogrodziec, Ścinawa, Wińsko, Syców, Uraz, Trzebnica, Milicz and Sądowel. However, Henry III managed to recover Ścinawa soon after.

Both sides quickly began to find allies who would support them in the war. Henry III made a treaty with the House of Wettin, strengthening this alliance by marrying the daughter of Duke Albert I of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Matilda (March 1291). Further allies were Otto IV, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal and Przemysł II of Greater Poland. With the latter Henry III entered into an arrangement under which if Przemysł II died without male issue, the Duke of Głogów would inherit his lands. In the meanwhile, Henry V the Fat obtained the support of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.

Henry V's rule over Wrocław was extremely conservative and clashed with some political opponents among the nobility. One of them, Pakosław Zdzieszyca, was sentenced to death accused of murder. The revenge of Pakosław's son Lutka, was impressive: on 11 November 1293 he captured Henry V and gave him to Henry I, who put him in an iron cage for almost six months. Henry V only obtained his freedom after surrendering the towns of Namysłów, Bierutów, Oleśnica, Kluczbork, Byczyna, Wołczyn, Olesno, Chojnów and Bolesławiec (almost 1/3 of Henry IV's lands) with their respectives fortresses to Henry III, paying of a ransom of 30,000 pieces of silver and promising to assist the Duke of Głogów for the next five years in all his wars.

Death of Przemysł II and the succession over Greater Poland edit

On 8 February 1296 the Duke of Greater Poland and since 1295 King of Poland Przemysł II was murdered. The Greater Poland-Głogów alliance collapsed around 1293, when Przemysł II attacked Duke Władysław I the Elbow-high of Kuyavia. Because of this, the Greater Poland nobility chose Władysław I to succeed Przemysł II in Poznań, despite the claims of Henry III, who considered that the treaty signed with Przemysł II in 1290 was still valid and in consequence, he was his sole heir (Przemysł II married three times but only left one daughter from his second marriage, Richeza).

Henry III and Władysław I quickly concluded a settlement on 10 March 1296 in Krzywin, under which the Duke of Głogów obtained all the lands from the south of the Obra River. At the same time Władysław I designated Henry III's eldest son, Henry IV the Faithful as his heir over Poznań, and, in case of his death without male issue, over all Greater Poland.

War against Bolko I the Strict edit

The reason Henry III gave large concessions to Władysław I in the treaty of 1296 was that he was already defeated by Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor. When Henry III stayed in Krzywin, Bolko I took Chojnów and Boleslawiec. Through the mediation of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, a settlement was made on Zwanowice in March 1297; the Duke of Głogów managed to make a truce with the Duke of Jawor, but was forced to renounce the above-mentioned districts.

Relations with King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia edit

At the end of the 1290s Henry III could improve his relations with the King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (for example, he was present in Prague on Wenceslaus II's coronation in 1297), but also his relations with Władysław I the Elbow-high deteriorated, and at the end a war broke out. In June 1298, in Kościan (and despite the opposition of the Greater Poland nobility with the Bishop of Poznan Andrzej Zaremba at their head) Henry III and Władysław I signed a new treaty, under which in return for confirmation of the church and the inclusion in a future "Kingdom" of the functions of Chancellor, Henry III promised assistance to Władysław I in order to complete the total subjection of Greater Poland, Gdańsk Pomerania and in this way he could obtain the Royal crown. The conflict between the Piast Dukes was used by King Wenceslaus II. In the village of Klęka on 23 August 1299 an agreement was concluded under which Henry III was forced to abandon his pretentions over all Greater Poland for good.

Disputes with Bishop Jan Romka and Konrad II the Hunchback edit

Henry III accepted immediately the intervention of the Bohemian King, because he was busy in his own duchy with his disputes with the Bishop of Wroclaw Jan Romka. The conflict was caused by the Duchy of Żagań, which, previously belonging to his younger brother Konrad II the Hunchback, was taken by Henry III in March 1299 when Konrad II was chosen as Patriarch of Aquileia. But when Konrad II returned to Żagań, Henryk III didn't want to return the Duchy to him, which was under his rule during his absence. Even after the intervention of the vassals and the Church, Henry III refused to give Konrad II his Duchy. Bishop Jan Romka excommunicated him and supported the requests of Konrad II. The fight with the church was resolved only on 24 April 1300 confirming the victory of the Bishop and the restitution of Żagań to Konrad II.

Increase of Henry III's power. Adoption of the title "Heir of the Kingdom of Poland" edit

The Duke of Glogów didn't have any intention of resigning his pretentions over the Greater Poland inheritance, as was evidenced in 1301, when he adopted the title: "Heir of the Polish Kingdom, Duke of Silesia, Głogów and Poznań" (Polish: "dziedzic Królestwa Polskiego, książę Śląska, pan Głogowa i Poznania"). This soon caused an armed conflict with the King of Bohemia and now of Poland Wenceslaus II. The danger around Henry III increased especially after 1301, when the Bohemian King took over the custody of the children of Henry V the Fat, this after the death on 9 November 1301 of their uncle Bolko I the Strict. Despite the delicate situation the war never occurred, because Wenceslaus II was busy in his attempts to obtain the Hungarian crown for his son. The death of Wenceslaus II in 1305 and the murder of his son and successor Wenceslaus III the following year favored the opportunities of Henry III over his pretentions in Greater Poland. The death of his brother Konrad II on 11 October 1304 further facilitated Henry III's situation, because he could annex his Duchy of Żagań without inconvenience and also reunified the whole Duchy of Głogów under his rule.

Claims over Greater Poland. Acquisition of parts from Przemysł II's inheritance edit

In the spring of 1306 Henry III was able to advance over the Greater Poland-Kuyavia borderline (Konin) and Gdańsk Pomerania, forcing Władysław I the Elbow-high to retreat. Kalisz resisted the pretentions of the Duke of Głogów, but he was able to master it in 1307 from his current ruler, Duke Bolesław III the Generous (the eldest son of Henry V the Fat), who also had a claim over the whole succession of Wenceslaus (as the husband of her youngest daughter Margareta); eventually, all Greater Poland was taken by the Duke of Głogów. Soon Henry III and the new King of Bohemia Henry of Carinthia formed an alliance against Bolesław III's ambitious plans.

Internal politics edit

In the internal politics, Henry III could maintain his Duchy far away from the wars where he was constantly involved, and in consequence, the economy improved and with this the prestige and wealth of Głogów increased. Henry III also introduced administrative and monetary reforms which affected not only the townspeople but also his own court and the nobility. Also, he founded more than a dozen urban centers (like Góra, Wąsosz, Polkowice, Twardogóra, Sulechów, Zielona Góra, Lubin, Przemęt and Kościan).

In his relations with the Church, Henry III was a generous benefactor. During his rule several monasteries and parish churches were founded. The Duke of Głogów also patron of many artists, which is reflected in the building of the tombstones of Henry IV Probus, Bolesław I the Tall, his brothers and parents, in the Głogów Kolegiata and Przemysł II in Poznan Cathedral.

Death and succession edit

Henry III died on 11 December 1310 and was buried in the Cistercian Church of Lubiąż. His five sons: Henry IV, Konrad I, Jan, Boleslaw and Przemko II, soon split between them the inheritance of his father and led to the decline of the Duchy. Moreover, this political fragmentation, visible especially in the Greater Poland region, scared the local nobility, who thought that maybe they risked losing their positions. In the end, Władysław I the Elbow-high was able to conquer all Greater Poland in 1314.

Marriage and Children edit

In March 1291, Henry III married Matilda (born 1276 – died 26 April 1318), daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. They had nine children:

  1. Henry IV the Faithful (born 1291-93 – died 22 January 1342).
  2. Konrad I (born c. 1292-94 – died 22 December 1366).
  3. Bolesław (born c. 1295 – died January-March 1321).
  4. Agnes (born 1293-96 – died 25 December 1361), married firstly on 18 May 1309 to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria and secondly in 1329 to Alram, Count of Hals.
  5. Salome (born c. 1297 – died before 9 December 1309).
  6. Jan (born c. 1296-1300 – died 23.4.1361-19.5.1365).
  7. Katharina (born c. 1300-05 – died 5 December 1323/1326), married firstly bef. 24 March 1317 to John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and secondly by September 1317 to John III, Count of Holstein-Plön.
  8. Przemko II (born 1300-08 – died 11 January 1331).
  9. Hedwig (born c. 1308 – died before December 1309).
  10. Beatrice (born 1290 - died 24 March 1322, married on 1309 Ludwig IV, Duke of Bavaria

In his will, Henry III left Glogów to his wife as her dower, which she ruled until her own death.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Traditionally is believed that Henry III was the oldest of the brothers because he inherited from his father the center of the principality - Głogów, and also appears as the oldest one in the Genealogy of St. Hedwig. However, one most reliable source, the Polish-Silesian Chronicle (pl: Kronika polsko-śląska), placed Konrad II as the oldest, and probably his physical deformity (hunchback) prevented him from taking power in the capital. K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów śląskich, vol. I, Wrocław 1973, p. 78; T. Jurek: Dziedzic królestwa polskiego książę głogowski Henryk, Kraków 2010, p. 17, 21.
  2. ^ T. Jurek: Henryk Probus i Henryk głogowski, stosunki wzajemne w latach 1273-1290 "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", no.42 (1978), pp. 556–558.
  3. ^ M. Maciejowski: Orientacje polityczne biskupów metropolii gnieźnieńskiej 1283-1320, Kraków 2007, pp. 115–151; T. Silnicki: Dzieje i ustrój Kościoła na Śląsku do końca w. XIV, in: Historia Śląska od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1400, vol. II, no. 1, Kraków 1939, pp. 166–176.
  4. ^ T. Jurek: Konrad I głogowski. Studium z dziejów dzielnicowego Śląska, "Roczniki Historyczne", 54 (1988), pp. 137-138
  5. ^ This event is mentioned in the foundation of the collegiate church of St. Cross in Wrocław, and according to the reports of Jan Długosz, who, however, instead of Henry III of Głogow mentions Henry V the Fat as the prince knighted that day; this is impossible, given the age of the later (more than 40 years old), and the hostility between him and Henry IV Probus. T. Jurek: Henryk Probus a..., pp. 556–557.
  6. ^ T. Jurek: Plany koronacyjne Henryka Probusa, in: Śląsk w czasach Henryka IV Prawego, K. Wachowski (red.), Wrocław 2005, pp. 13–29.

References edit

  • Tomasz Jurek, Dziedzic królestwa polskiego książę głogowski Henryk, Kraków 2010.
  • Tomasz Jurek, Henryk Probus i Henryk głogowski, stosunki wzajemne w latach 1273-1290, "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", 42 (1978), pp. 555–570.
  • Maciej Maciejowski, Orientacje polityczne biskupów metropolii gnieźnieńskiej 1283-1320, Kraków 2007.
  • Tadeusz Silnicki, Dzieje i ustrój Kościoła na Śląsku do końca w. XIV, in: Historia Śląska od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1400, vol. II, no. 1, Kraków 1939.

External links edit

  • A listing of descendants of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów
  • Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
  • HENRYK III (I) GŁOGOWSKI
  • This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia.
Henry III, Duke of Głogów
Born: c. 1251–1260 Died: 3 December 1309
Preceded by Duke of Glogów
1274–1309
Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Ścinawa
1290–1309
Succeeded by
Duke of Oleśnica
1294–1309
Duke of Namysłów
1294–1309
Preceded by Duke of Żagań
1304–1309
Preceded by Duke of Greater Poland
1305–1309
Succeeded by
Duke of Poznań
1305–1309
Succeeded by
Duke of Gniezno
1305–1309
Duke of Kalisz
1305–1306
Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Kalisz
1307–1309
Succeeded by

henry, duke, głogów, henry, głogów, polish, henryk, 1251, december, 1310, duke, glogów, from, 1274, death, also, duke, parts, greater, poland, during, 1306, 1310, henry, iiiduke, głogówborn1251, 60died11, december, 1310noble, familysilesian, piasts, głogówspou. Henry III of Glogow Polish Henryk 1251 60 11 December 1310 was a duke of Glogow from 1274 to his death and also duke of parts of Greater Poland during 1306 1310 Henry IIIDuke of GlogowBorn1251 60Died11 December 1310Noble familySilesian Piasts of GlogowSpouse s MathildaIssueHenry IV the FaithfulKonrad I of OlesnicaBoleslaw of OlesnicaAgnesJan of ScinawaKatharinaPrzemko II of GlogowSalomeHedwigBeatriceFatherKonrad I Duke of Silesia GlogauMotherSalome of Greater PolandHe was one of the sons probably the second 1 of Konrad I Duke of Glogow by his first wife Salome daughter of Duke Wladyslaw of Greater Poland Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years 1 2 Beginning of cooperation with Henry II Probus 1 3 Fall of King Ottokar II and Division of the Duchy of Glogow 1 4 Influence of Henry IV Probus over Silesia 1 5 Henry IV s death and execution of his will 1 6 War against Henry V the Fat 1 7 Death of Przemysl II and the succession over Greater Poland 1 8 War against Bolko I the Strict 1 9 Relations with King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia 1 10 Disputes with Bishop Jan Romka and Konrad II the Hunchback 1 11 Increase of Henry III s power Adoption of the title Heir of the Kingdom of Poland 1 12 Claims over Greater Poland Acquisition of parts from Przemysl II s inheritance 1 13 Internal politics 1 14 Death and succession 2 Marriage and Children 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksLife editEarly years edit Little is known about his first years of life In 1267 Henry III participated in the canonization of his great grandmother Hedwig of Andechs At the time of his father s death in 1274 he and his brothers are still minors for this his step mother Sophie of Landsberg widow of his father and the Chancellor Mikolaj took their guardianship Shortly after they sold the towns of Boleslawiec and Nowogrodziec nad Kwisa to the Archbishop of Magdeburg Beginning of cooperation with Henry II Probus edit The first participation of Henry III in the political arena was in 1277 when together with Przemysl II of Greater Poland he took part in an armed expedition against his uncle Boleslaw II the Bald The trip was provoked by the attitude of the Duke of Legnica who in order to obtain territorial concessions kidnapped the young Henry IV and imprisoned him in his castle of Legnica Henry III and the Bohemian King Ottokar II formed a coalition of Silesian Princes to help the prisoner Duke However they were defeated in the Battle of Stolec on 24 April 1277 At the head of the Legnica troops came the son and heir of Boleslaw II Henry V the Fat It was probably here that the conflicts between him and Henry V began which later caused great suffering to the Duke of Legnica Fall of King Ottokar II and Division of the Duchy of Glogow edit One year later Henry III participated in the great Battle on the Marchfeld 26 August 1278 where King Ottokar II was defeated and killed In the same year Henry III was forced to make a division of his lands between his brothers he retained the main cities of the Duchy Glogow Bytom Odrzanski and Kozuchow Konrad II the Hunchback obtained Scinawa and Przemko received Zagan and Nowogrod Bobrzanski soon after Konrad II went to study in Bologna and Henry IV Probus took his lands in his name with this the ruler of Wroclaw showed his intentions to stretch his sovereignty over all the other Glogow princes and Silesian rulers Influence of Henry IV Probus over Silesia edit In 1281 Henry III together with Henry V the Fat and Przemysl II of Greater Poland were invited by Henry IV Probus to a meeting in Sadowel The Duke of Wroclaw broke the law of hospitality and captured the three Dukes Henry IV released them only after they recognized his overlordship 2 Although the agreement was concluded under duress it has stood the test of time and in the next few years we see Henry III together with his brother Przemko II among the close associates of the Duke of Wroclaw in his great political ecclesiastical conflict Thomas II bishop of Wroclaw 3 His loyalty to Henry IV Probus caused that the ruler of Glogow would be excommunicated twice 4 It was only after the death of Henry IV that Henry III s relations with the clergy returned to normality Henry IV s death and execution of his will edit The close cooperation between Henry III and Henryk IV Probus was evident when in Krosno Odrzanskie on 11 January 1288 Henry III was knighted by the Duke of Wroclaw 5 The major proof of the subjugation of the Duke of Glogow was after the death of his brother Przemko on 26 February 1289 his Duchy of Scinawa was annexed by Henry IV without any protest of Henry III However one year later on 23 June 1290 Henry IV Probus died suddenly probably poisoned 6 an event which seriously affected the further career of the Duke of Glogow In his will the dying Duke of Wroclaw left Henry III as his main heir However the Wroclaw knights and burghers had other plans and one month later mid July 1290 they forced Henry I to escape As their new ruler the rebels invited Duke Henry V the Fat of Legnica to take the government The reasons for the Wroclaw revolt were unknown but maybe the harsh rule of Henry III was a decisive factor In any event Henry III refused to accept this and immediately declared war on Henry V War against Henry V the Fat edit Shortly after taking control over Wroclaw Henry V the Fat forced the Duke of Glogow to renounce all his pretensions over the disputed territories of Chojnow Boleslawiec Gosciszow Nowogrodziec Scinawa Winsko Sycow Uraz Trzebnica Milicz and Sadowel However Henry III managed to recover Scinawa soon after Both sides quickly began to find allies who would support them in the war Henry III made a treaty with the House of Wettin strengthening this alliance by marrying the daughter of Duke Albert I of Brunswick Luneburg Matilda March 1291 Further allies were Otto IV Margrave of Brandenburg Stendal and Przemysl II of Greater Poland With the latter Henry III entered into an arrangement under which if Przemysl II died without male issue the Duke of Glogow would inherit his lands In the meanwhile Henry V the Fat obtained the support of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Henry V s rule over Wroclaw was extremely conservative and clashed with some political opponents among the nobility One of them Pakoslaw Zdzieszyca was sentenced to death accused of murder The revenge of Pakoslaw s son Lutka was impressive on 11 November 1293 he captured Henry V and gave him to Henry I who put him in an iron cage for almost six months Henry V only obtained his freedom after surrendering the towns of Namyslow Bierutow Olesnica Kluczbork Byczyna Wolczyn Olesno Chojnow and Boleslawiec almost 1 3 of Henry IV s lands with their respectives fortresses to Henry III paying of a ransom of 30 000 pieces of silver and promising to assist the Duke of Glogow for the next five years in all his wars Death of Przemysl II and the succession over Greater Poland edit On 8 February 1296 the Duke of Greater Poland and since 1295 King of Poland Przemysl II was murdered The Greater Poland Glogow alliance collapsed around 1293 when Przemysl II attacked Duke Wladyslaw I the Elbow high of Kuyavia Because of this the Greater Poland nobility chose Wladyslaw I to succeed Przemysl II in Poznan despite the claims of Henry III who considered that the treaty signed with Przemysl II in 1290 was still valid and in consequence he was his sole heir Przemysl II married three times but only left one daughter from his second marriage Richeza Henry III and Wladyslaw I quickly concluded a settlement on 10 March 1296 in Krzywin under which the Duke of Glogow obtained all the lands from the south of the Obra River At the same time Wladyslaw I designated Henry III s eldest son Henry IV the Faithful as his heir over Poznan and in case of his death without male issue over all Greater Poland War against Bolko I the Strict edit The reason Henry III gave large concessions to Wladyslaw I in the treaty of 1296 was that he was already defeated by Bolko I the Strict Duke of Jawor When Henry III stayed in Krzywin Bolko I took Chojnow and Boleslawiec Through the mediation of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia a settlement was made on Zwanowice in March 1297 the Duke of Glogow managed to make a truce with the Duke of Jawor but was forced to renounce the above mentioned districts Relations with King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia edit At the end of the 1290s Henry III could improve his relations with the King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia for example he was present in Prague on Wenceslaus II s coronation in 1297 but also his relations with Wladyslaw I the Elbow high deteriorated and at the end a war broke out In June 1298 in Koscian and despite the opposition of the Greater Poland nobility with the Bishop of Poznan Andrzej Zaremba at their head Henry III and Wladyslaw I signed a new treaty under which in return for confirmation of the church and the inclusion in a future Kingdom of the functions of Chancellor Henry III promised assistance to Wladyslaw I in order to complete the total subjection of Greater Poland Gdansk Pomerania and in this way he could obtain the Royal crown The conflict between the Piast Dukes was used by King Wenceslaus II In the village of Kleka on 23 August 1299 an agreement was concluded under which Henry III was forced to abandon his pretentions over all Greater Poland for good Disputes with Bishop Jan Romka and Konrad II the Hunchback edit Henry III accepted immediately the intervention of the Bohemian King because he was busy in his own duchy with his disputes with the Bishop of Wroclaw Jan Romka The conflict was caused by the Duchy of Zagan which previously belonging to his younger brother Konrad II the Hunchback was taken by Henry III in March 1299 when Konrad II was chosen as Patriarch of Aquileia But when Konrad II returned to Zagan Henryk III didn t want to return the Duchy to him which was under his rule during his absence Even after the intervention of the vassals and the Church Henry III refused to give Konrad II his Duchy Bishop Jan Romka excommunicated him and supported the requests of Konrad II The fight with the church was resolved only on 24 April 1300 confirming the victory of the Bishop and the restitution of Zagan to Konrad II Increase of Henry III s power Adoption of the title Heir of the Kingdom of Poland edit The Duke of Glogow didn t have any intention of resigning his pretentions over the Greater Poland inheritance as was evidenced in 1301 when he adopted the title Heir of the Polish Kingdom Duke of Silesia Glogow and Poznan Polish dziedzic Krolestwa Polskiego ksiaze Slaska pan Glogowa i Poznania This soon caused an armed conflict with the King of Bohemia and now of Poland Wenceslaus II The danger around Henry III increased especially after 1301 when the Bohemian King took over the custody of the children of Henry V the Fat this after the death on 9 November 1301 of their uncle Bolko I the Strict Despite the delicate situation the war never occurred because Wenceslaus II was busy in his attempts to obtain the Hungarian crown for his son The death of Wenceslaus II in 1305 and the murder of his son and successor Wenceslaus III the following year favored the opportunities of Henry III over his pretentions in Greater Poland The death of his brother Konrad II on 11 October 1304 further facilitated Henry III s situation because he could annex his Duchy of Zagan without inconvenience and also reunified the whole Duchy of Glogow under his rule Claims over Greater Poland Acquisition of parts from Przemysl II s inheritance edit In the spring of 1306 Henry III was able to advance over the Greater Poland Kuyavia borderline Konin and Gdansk Pomerania forcing Wladyslaw I the Elbow high to retreat Kalisz resisted the pretentions of the Duke of Glogow but he was able to master it in 1307 from his current ruler Duke Boleslaw III the Generous the eldest son of Henry V the Fat who also had a claim over the whole succession of Wenceslaus as the husband of her youngest daughter Margareta eventually all Greater Poland was taken by the Duke of Glogow Soon Henry III and the new King of Bohemia Henry of Carinthia formed an alliance against Boleslaw III s ambitious plans Internal politics edit In the internal politics Henry III could maintain his Duchy far away from the wars where he was constantly involved and in consequence the economy improved and with this the prestige and wealth of Glogow increased Henry III also introduced administrative and monetary reforms which affected not only the townspeople but also his own court and the nobility Also he founded more than a dozen urban centers like Gora Wasosz Polkowice Twardogora Sulechow Zielona Gora Lubin Przemet and Koscian In his relations with the Church Henry III was a generous benefactor During his rule several monasteries and parish churches were founded The Duke of Glogow also patron of many artists which is reflected in the building of the tombstones of Henry IV Probus Boleslaw I the Tall his brothers and parents in the Glogow Kolegiata and Przemysl II in Poznan Cathedral Death and succession edit Henry III died on 11 December 1310 and was buried in the Cistercian Church of Lubiaz His five sons Henry IV Konrad I Jan Boleslaw and Przemko II soon split between them the inheritance of his father and led to the decline of the Duchy Moreover this political fragmentation visible especially in the Greater Poland region scared the local nobility who thought that maybe they risked losing their positions In the end Wladyslaw I the Elbow high was able to conquer all Greater Poland in 1314 Marriage and Children editIn March 1291 Henry III married Matilda born 1276 died 26 April 1318 daughter of Albert I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg They had nine children Henry IV the Faithful born 1291 93 died 22 January 1342 Konrad I born c 1292 94 died 22 December 1366 Boleslaw born c 1295 died January March 1321 Agnes born 1293 96 died 25 December 1361 married firstly on 18 May 1309 to Otto III Duke of Bavaria and secondly in 1329 to Alram Count of Hals Salome born c 1297 died before 9 December 1309 Jan born c 1296 1300 died 23 4 1361 19 5 1365 Katharina born c 1300 05 died 5 December 1323 1326 married firstly bef 24 March 1317 to John V Margrave of Brandenburg Salzwedel and secondly by September 1317 to John III Count of Holstein Plon Przemko II born 1300 08 died 11 January 1331 Hedwig born c 1308 died before December 1309 Beatrice born 1290 died 24 March 1322 married on 1309 Ludwig IV Duke of BavariaIn his will Henry III left Glogow to his wife as her dower which she ruled until her own death Notes edit Traditionally is believed that Henry III was the oldest of the brothers because he inherited from his father the center of the principality Glogow and also appears as the oldest one in the Genealogy of St Hedwig However one most reliable source the Polish Silesian Chronicle pl Kronika polsko slaska placed Konrad II as the oldest and probably his physical deformity hunchback prevented him from taking power in the capital K Jasinski Rodowod Piastow slaskich vol I Wroclaw 1973 p 78 T Jurek Dziedzic krolestwa polskiego ksiaze glogowski Henryk Krakow 2010 p 17 21 T Jurek Henryk Probus i Henryk glogowski stosunki wzajemne w latach 1273 1290 Slaski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobotka no 42 1978 pp 556 558 M Maciejowski Orientacje polityczne biskupow metropolii gnieznienskiej 1283 1320 Krakow 2007 pp 115 151 T Silnicki Dzieje i ustroj Kosciola na Slasku do konca w XIV in Historia Slaska od najdawniejszych czasow do roku 1400 vol II no 1 Krakow 1939 pp 166 176 T Jurek Konrad I glogowski Studium z dziejow dzielnicowego Slaska Roczniki Historyczne 54 1988 pp 137 138 This event is mentioned in the foundation of the collegiate church of St Cross in Wroclaw and according to the reports of Jan Dlugosz who however instead of Henry III of Glogow mentions Henry V the Fat as the prince knighted that day this is impossible given the age of the later more than 40 years old and the hostility between him and Henry IV Probus T Jurek Henryk Probus a pp 556 557 T Jurek Plany koronacyjne Henryka Probusa in Slask w czasach Henryka IV Prawego K Wachowski red Wroclaw 2005 pp 13 29 References editTomasz Jurek Dziedzic krolestwa polskiego ksiaze glogowski Henryk Krakow 2010 Tomasz Jurek Henryk Probus i Henryk glogowski stosunki wzajemne w latach 1273 1290 Slaski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobotka 42 1978 pp 555 570 Maciej Maciejowski Orientacje polityczne biskupow metropolii gnieznienskiej 1283 1320 Krakow 2007 Tadeusz Silnicki Dzieje i ustroj Kosciola na Slasku do konca w XIV in Historia Slaska od najdawniejszych czasow do roku 1400 vol II no 1 Krakow 1939 External links editA listing of descendants of Konrad I Duke of Glogow Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan HENRYK III I GLOGOWSKI This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia Henry III Duke of GlogowHouse of PiastBorn c 1251 1260 Died 3 December 1309Preceded byKonrad I Duke of Glogow1274 1309 Succeeded byMatildaPreceded byHenry V the Fat Duke of Scinawa1290 1309 Succeeded byHenry IV the Faithful Konrad I Boleslaw Jan Przemko IIDuke of Olesnica1294 1309Duke of Namyslow1294 1309Preceded byKonrad II the Hunchback Duke of Zagan1304 1309Preceded byWenceslaus II of Bohemia Duke of Greater Poland1305 1309 Succeeded byHenry IV the FaithfulDuke of Poznan1305 1309 Succeeded byHenry IV the Faithful Konrad I Boleslaw Jan Przemko IIDuke of Gniezno1305 1309Duke of Kalisz1305 1306 Succeeded byBoleslaw III the GenerousPreceded byBoleslaw III the Generous Duke of Kalisz1307 1309 Succeeded byHenry IV the Faithful Konrad I Boleslaw Jan Przemko II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry III Duke of Glogow amp oldid 1158112281, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.