The town of Byczyna was first mention in 1054 when it temporarily served as the capital of the Bishopric of Wrocław. Its name is of Polish origin.[2] It was part of Poland and during its fragmentation period it was part of the duchies of Silesia, Głogów and Namysłów, before it was again under direct rule of Polish King Casimir III the Great from 1341 to 1348.[2] It was granted town rights before 1268.[3] In 1356 it passed to the Czech Crown Lands, and it soon returned under the rule of local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty, as part of the duchies of Świdnica, Opole, Brzeg, Oleśnica, again Brzeg, Opole and finally Legnica until 1675.[2] Afterwards it was incorporated into the Habsburg-ruled Czech Kingdom. It was a border town,[4] located near Poland.
The Battle of Byczyna took place nearby between Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, who was elected as king of Poland, and Sigismund III Vasa who also was elected as king, on January 24, 1588. Maximilian was defeated. He surrendered and went to imprisonment. The German authorGustav Freytag[5] reports in his memories about yearly border violations at Byczyna. During the Thirty Years' War the town was occupied by the Saxons in 1633 and Swedes in 1646.[2] In the 16th century, a Polish school was established, which flourished in the 17th century, and from 1657 to 1661 its rector was Byczyna-born Polish scholar and translator John Herbinius.[2]
After the Prussian annexation in 1742, Byczyna, under the Germanized name Pitschen, entered a period of Germanisation, and the local school slowly diminished.[2] In 1757 the town suffered the largest fire in its history.[2] Despite those circumstances, in the 19th century, the town was still largely inhabited by Poles. After World War I and the rebirth of independent Poland, Germany introduced a number of restrictions, including a state of emergency, to hinder the self-organization of local Poles.[2] In the interwar period the town remained part of Germany.[2] In September 1939, Germany, invaded Poland also from Pitschen, sparking World War II.[2] After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, Byczyna was reintegrated with Poland.
Notable peopleedit
Piotr of Byczyna [pl], medieval Polish writer, author or co-author of the 14th-century Polish chronicle Chronica principum Poloniae
Eliasz Kreczmar (von Löven), physician and astronomer, married Maria Cunitz
Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), astronomer, died at Pitschem
Jan Herbinius (1627–1679), Polish scholar and translator
Adam Quasius (1673–1736), theologian and Deacon at St. Elisabeth Church in Wrocław
Piotr Steinkeller (1799–1854), industrialist, "Polish King of Zinc", exploited local ore deposits
Jan Dzierżon (1811–1906), pioneering Polish apiarist, attended school in Byczyna
^ ab"Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-06-02. Data for territorial unit 1604014.
^ abcdefghij"Historia". Urząd Miejski w Byczynie (in Polish). Retrieved 13 February 2020.
^Robert Krzysztofik, Lokacje miejskie na obszarze Polski. Dokumentacja geograficzno-historyczna, Katowice, 2007, p. 22-23 (in Polish)
^*Pitzen, north of Kluczbork (Creitzberg) (in the Duchy of Brzeg (Ducatus Bregensis)) 1600 Silesia Map 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
^Gustav Freytag in his Memories mentions border violations against Pitschen farmers
External linksedit
Jewish Community in Byczyna on Virtual Shtetl
April 26, 2024
byczyna, bɨˈt, ʂɨna, latin, bicina, bicinium, german, pitschen, town, kluczbork, county, opole, voivodeship, poland, with, inhabitants, december, 2021, flagcoat, armscoordinates, 217country, polandvoivodeshipopolecountykluczborkgminafirst, mentioned1054town, r. Byczyna bɨˈt ʂɨna Latin Bicina Bicinium German Pitschen is a town in Kluczbork County Opole Voivodeship Poland with 3 490 inhabitants as of December 2021 1 ByczynaFlagCoat of armsByczynaCoordinates 51 7 N 18 13 E 51 117 N 18 217 E 51 117 18 217Country PolandVoivodeshipOpoleCountyKluczborkGminaByczynaFirst mentioned1054Town rightsbefore 1268Government MayorIwona SobaniaArea Total5 79 km2 2 24 sq mi Elevation197 m 646 ft Population 31 December 2021 1 Total3 582 Density620 km2 1 600 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code46 220Area code 48 77Car platesOKLWebsitehttp www byczyna pl Contents 1 History 2 Notable people 3 Twin towns sister cities 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksHistory editThe town of Byczyna was first mention in 1054 when it temporarily served as the capital of the Bishopric of Wroclaw Its name is of Polish origin 2 It was part of Poland and during its fragmentation period it was part of the duchies of Silesia Glogow and Namyslow before it was again under direct rule of Polish King Casimir III the Great from 1341 to 1348 2 It was granted town rights before 1268 3 In 1356 it passed to the Czech Crown Lands and it soon returned under the rule of local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty as part of the duchies of Swidnica Opole Brzeg Olesnica again Brzeg Opole and finally Legnica until 1675 2 Afterwards it was incorporated into the Habsburg ruled Czech Kingdom It was a border town 4 located near Poland nbsp Jan Zamoyski at the Battle of Byczyna in 1588 painting by Jan Matejko The Battle of Byczyna took place nearby between Maximilian III Archduke of Austria who was elected as king of Poland and Sigismund III Vasa who also was elected as king on January 24 1588 Maximilian was defeated He surrendered and went to imprisonment The German author Gustav Freytag 5 reports in his memories about yearly border violations at Byczyna During the Thirty Years War the town was occupied by the Saxons in 1633 and Swedes in 1646 2 In the 16th century a Polish school was established which flourished in the 17th century and from 1657 to 1661 its rector was Byczyna born Polish scholar and translator John Herbinius 2 After the Prussian annexation in 1742 Byczyna under the Germanized name Pitschen entered a period of Germanisation and the local school slowly diminished 2 In 1757 the town suffered the largest fire in its history 2 Despite those circumstances in the 19th century the town was still largely inhabited by Poles After World War I and the rebirth of independent Poland Germany introduced a number of restrictions including a state of emergency to hinder the self organization of local Poles 2 In the interwar period the town remained part of Germany 2 In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland also from Pitschen sparking World War II 2 After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 Byczyna was reintegrated with Poland Notable people editPiotr of Byczyna pl medieval Polish writer author or co author of the 14th century Polish chronicle Chronica principum Poloniae Eliasz Kreczmar von Loven physician and astronomer married Maria Cunitz Maria Cunitz 1610 1664 astronomer died at Pitschem Jan Herbinius 1627 1679 Polish scholar and translator Adam Quasius 1673 1736 theologian and Deacon at St Elisabeth Church in Wroclaw Piotr Steinkeller 1799 1854 industrialist Polish King of Zinc exploited local ore deposits Jan Dzierzon 1811 1906 pioneering Polish apiarist attended school in Byczyna Martin Kutta 1867 1944 mathematicianTwin towns sister cities editSee twin towns of Gmina Byczyna Gallery edit nbsp Medieval town walls with the Eastern or Polish Tower nbsp Western or German Tower nbsp Byczyna Town Hall nbsp Baroque Holy Trinity church nbsp The Saint Nicolaus evangelic churchReferences edit a b Local Data Bank Statistics Poland Retrieved 2022 06 02 Data for territorial unit 1604014 a b c d e f g h i j Historia Urzad Miejski w Byczynie in Polish Retrieved 13 February 2020 Robert Krzysztofik Lokacje miejskie na obszarze Polski Dokumentacja geograficzno historyczna Katowice 2007 p 22 23 in Polish Pitzen north of Kluczbork Creitzberg in the Duchy of Brzeg Ducatus Bregensis 1600 Silesia Map Archived 2012 07 16 at the Wayback Machine Gustav Freytag in his Memories mentions border violations against Pitschen farmersExternal links editMap of Silesia 1600 Pitzen north of Creiteberg in Ducatus Bregensis Jewish Community in Byczyna on Virtual Shtetl Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Byczyna amp oldid 1161422909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
