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Heliobacteria

April 19, 2023

Heliobacteria are a unique subset of prokaryotic bacteria that process light for energy. Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria, they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram-positive phototroph.[2] They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants, and use a type I reaction center like green-sulfur bacteria.[3][4]

Heliobacteria
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Clostridia
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Heliobacteriaceae
Madigan & Asao 2010
Genera[1]
  • Heliobacillus
  • Heliobacterium
  • "Ca. Helioclostridium"
  • Heliomicrobium
  • "Ca. Heliomonas"
  • Heliophilum
  • Heliorestis

RNA trees place the heliobacteria among the Bacillota.[5] They have no outer membrane and like certain other Bacillota (Clostridia), they form heat-resistant endospores, which contain high levels of calcium and dipicolinic acid. Heliobacteria are the only Bacillota known to be phototrophic.

Metabolism

The heliobacteria are phototrophic: they convert light energy into chemical energy using a type I reaction center.[6][7] The primary pigment involved is bacteriochlorophyll g, which is unique to the group and has a unique absorption spectrum; this gives the heliobacteria their own environmental niche.[5] Phototrophic processes take place at the cell membrane, which does not form folds or compartments as it does in purple bacteria. Though heliobacteria are phototrophic, they can create energy without light using pyruvate fermentation, which generates significantly less energy than it could with light.[8]

Heliobacteria are photoheterotrophic, requiring organic carbon sources, and they are exclusively anaerobic.[5] Bacteriochlorophyll g is inactivated by the presence of oxygen, making them obligate anaerobes (they cannot survive in aerobic conditions). Heliobacteria have been found in soils,[9] hot springs,[10] soda lakes[11][12] and are common in the waterlogged soils of paddy fields.[9] They are avid nitrogen fixers, so are probably important in the fertility of paddy fields.[9] Heliobacteria are mainly terrestrial phototrophs, contrary to the multitudes of others that are aquatic, and often form mutualistic relationships with the plants near them.[13]

Taxonomy

Heliobacteria should not be confused with Helicobacter, which is a genus of bacteria with quite different characteristics.

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[14] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[15]

16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[16][17][18] and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[19][20][21]

Heliorestis Bryantseva et al. 2000

Heliophilum Ormerod et al. 1996

Heliobacillus Beer-Romero and Gest 1998

Heliobacterium Gest and Favinger 1985

Heliomicrobium Kyndt et al. 2021

See also

References

  1. ^ [Madigan M T, Martinko J M, Dunlap P V, Clark D P. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition, p. 453-454].
  2. ^ Sattley, W. Matthew; Swingley, Wesley D. (2013-01-01). "Properties and Evolutionary Implications of the Heliobacterial Genome". Advances in Botanical Research. 66: 67–97. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397923-0.00003-5. ISBN 9780123979230. ISSN 0065-2296.
  3. ^ Jagannathan, B.; Golbeck, J.H. (2013-01-01). "FX, FA, and FB Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Type I Photosynthetic Reaction Centers". Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry. pp. 335–342. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00184-5. ISBN 9780123786319.
  4. ^ Jagannathan, B.; Golbeck, J.H. (2009-01-01). "Photosynthesis: Microbial". Encyclopedia of Microbiology. pp. 325–341. doi:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00352-7. ISBN 9780123739445.
  5. ^ a b c Blankenship, Robert (2014). Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 19. ISBN 978-1405189750.
  6. ^ Heinickel and Golbeck 2007
  7. ^ Gisriel, Christopher; Sarrou, Iosifina; Ferlez, Bryan; Golbeck, John H.; Redding, Kevin E.; Fromme, Raimund (2017-07-27). "Structure of a symmetric photosynthetic reaction center–photosystem". Science. 357 (6355): 1021–1025. Bibcode:2017Sci...357.1021G. doi:10.1126/science.aan5611. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28751471.
  8. ^ "Fermentation, mitochondria and regulation | Biological Principles". bioprinciples.biosci.gatech.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  9. ^ a b c Madigan, Michael T.; Ormerod, John G. (1995), Blankenship, Robert E.; Madigan, Michael T.; Bauer, Carl E. (eds.), "Taxonomy, Physiology and Ecology of Heliobacteria", Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Springer Netherlands, pp. 17–30, doi:10.1007/0-306-47954-0_2, ISBN 9780306479540
  10. ^ Kimble, Linda K.; Mandelco, Linda; Woese, Carl R.; Madigan, Michael T. (1995-04-01). "Heliobacterium modesticaldum, sp. nov., a thermophilic heliobacterium of hot springs and volcanic soils". Archives of Microbiology. 163 (4): 259–267. doi:10.1007/BF00393378. ISSN 1432-072X. S2CID 5551453.
  11. ^ Asao, Marie; Jung, Deborah O.; Achenbach, Laurie A.; Madigan, Michael T. (2006-10-01). "Heliorestis convoluta sp. nov., a coiled, alkaliphilic heliobacterium from the Wadi El Natroun, Egypt". Extremophiles. 10 (5): 403–410. doi:10.1007/s00792-006-0513-4. ISSN 1433-4909. PMID 16628377. S2CID 6885589.
  12. ^ Bryantseva, Irina A.; Gorlenko, Vladimir M.; Kompantseva, Elena I.; Achenbach, Laurie A.; Madigan, M. T. (1999-08-01). "Heliorestis daurensis, gen. nov. sp. nov., an alkaliphilic rod-to-coiled-shaped phototrophic heliobacterium from a Siberian soda lake". Archives of Microbiology. 172 (3): 167–174. doi:10.1007/s002030050756. ISSN 1432-072X. PMID 10460887. S2CID 22557416.
  13. ^ Asao, Marie; Madigan, Michael T. (June 2010). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology of the heliobacteria". Photosynthesis Research. 104 (2–3): 103–111. doi:10.1007/s11120-009-9516-1. ISSN 1573-5079. PMID 20094790. S2CID 10052124.
  14. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Heliobacteriaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  15. ^ Sayers; et al. "Heliobacteriaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  16. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  17. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  18. ^ "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  19. ^ "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  20. ^ "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

Further reading

  • Gest H & Favinger J L (1983) Arch Microbiol 136:11-16.
  • Madigan M T (1992) In Balows et al. (eds) The Prokaryotes pp. 1981–1992 Springer New York.
  • Madigan M T & Ormerod J G (1995) In Blankenship et al. (eds) Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria pp 17–30. Kluwer Academic Publishers New York.
  • Ormerod J G et al. (1996) Arch Microbiol 165:226-234.
  • Madigan M T, Martinko J M, Dunlap P V, Clark D P. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition, p. 453-454
  • Heinnickel M & Golbeck J H (2007) Photosynthesis Research 92:35-53

April 19, 2023
heliobacteria, unique, subset, prokaryotic, bacteria, that, process, light, energy, distinguishable, from, other, phototrophic, bacteria, they, utilize, unique, photosynthetic, pigment, bacteriochlorophyll, only, known, gram, positive, phototroph, they, player. Heliobacteria are a unique subset of prokaryotic bacteria that process light for energy Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram positive phototroph 2 They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants and use a type I reaction center like green sulfur bacteria 3 4 HeliobacteriaScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum BacillotaClass ClostridiaOrder EubacterialesFamily HeliobacteriaceaeMadigan amp Asao 2010Genera 1 Heliobacillus Heliobacterium Ca Helioclostridium Heliomicrobium Ca Heliomonas Heliophilum HeliorestisRNA trees place the heliobacteria among the Bacillota 5 They have no outer membrane and like certain other Bacillota Clostridia they form heat resistant endospores which contain high levels of calcium and dipicolinic acid Heliobacteria are the only Bacillota known to be phototrophic Contents 1 Metabolism 2 Taxonomy 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingMetabolism EditThe heliobacteria are phototrophic they convert light energy into chemical energy using a type I reaction center 6 7 The primary pigment involved is bacteriochlorophyll g which is unique to the group and has a unique absorption spectrum this gives the heliobacteria their own environmental niche 5 Phototrophic processes take place at the cell membrane which does not form folds or compartments as it does in purple bacteria Though heliobacteria are phototrophic they can create energy without light using pyruvate fermentation which generates significantly less energy than it could with light 8 Heliobacteria are photoheterotrophic requiring organic carbon sources and they are exclusively anaerobic 5 Bacteriochlorophyll g is inactivated by the presence of oxygen making them obligate anaerobes they cannot survive in aerobic conditions Heliobacteria have been found in soils 9 hot springs 10 soda lakes 11 12 and are common in the waterlogged soils of paddy fields 9 They are avid nitrogen fixers so are probably important in the fertility of paddy fields 9 Heliobacteria are mainly terrestrial phototrophs contrary to the multitudes of others that are aquatic and often form mutualistic relationships with the plants near them 13 Taxonomy EditHeliobacteria should not be confused with Helicobacter which is a genus of bacteria with quite different characteristics The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN 14 and National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI 15 16S rRNA based LTP 01 2022 16 17 18 and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07 RS207 19 20 21 Heliorestis Bryantseva et al 2000Heliophilum Ormerod et al 1996Heliobacillus Beer Romero and Gest 1998Heliobacterium Gest and Favinger 1985Heliomicrobium Kyndt et al 2021See also EditList of bacterial orders List of bacteria generaReferences Edit Madigan M T Martinko J M Dunlap P V Clark D P 2009 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition p 453 454 Sattley W Matthew Swingley Wesley D 2013 01 01 Properties and Evolutionary Implications of the Heliobacterial Genome Advances in Botanical Research 66 67 97 doi 10 1016 B978 0 12 397923 0 00003 5 ISBN 9780123979230 ISSN 0065 2296 Jagannathan B Golbeck J H 2013 01 01 FX FA and FB Iron Sulfur Clusters in Type I Photosynthetic Reaction Centers Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry pp 335 342 doi 10 1016 B978 0 12 378630 2 00184 5 ISBN 9780123786319 Jagannathan B Golbeck J H 2009 01 01 Photosynthesis Microbial Encyclopedia of Microbiology pp 325 341 doi 10 1016 B978 012373944 5 00352 7 ISBN 9780123739445 a b c Blankenship Robert 2014 Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis Wiley Blackwell p 19 ISBN 978 1405189750 Heinickel and Golbeck 2007 Gisriel Christopher Sarrou Iosifina Ferlez Bryan Golbeck John H Redding Kevin E Fromme Raimund 2017 07 27 Structure of a symmetric photosynthetic reaction center photosystem Science 357 6355 1021 1025 Bibcode 2017Sci 357 1021G doi 10 1126 science aan5611 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28751471 Fermentation mitochondria and regulation Biological Principles bioprinciples biosci gatech edu Retrieved 2021 04 26 a b c Madigan Michael T Ormerod John G 1995 Blankenship Robert E Madigan Michael T Bauer Carl E eds Taxonomy Physiology and Ecology of Heliobacteria Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Springer Netherlands pp 17 30 doi 10 1007 0 306 47954 0 2 ISBN 9780306479540 Kimble Linda K Mandelco Linda Woese Carl R Madigan Michael T 1995 04 01 Heliobacterium modesticaldum sp nov a thermophilic heliobacterium of hot springs and volcanic soils Archives of Microbiology 163 4 259 267 doi 10 1007 BF00393378 ISSN 1432 072X S2CID 5551453 Asao Marie Jung Deborah O Achenbach Laurie A Madigan Michael T 2006 10 01 Heliorestis convoluta sp nov a coiled alkaliphilic heliobacterium from the Wadi El Natroun Egypt Extremophiles 10 5 403 410 doi 10 1007 s00792 006 0513 4 ISSN 1433 4909 PMID 16628377 S2CID 6885589 Bryantseva Irina A Gorlenko Vladimir M Kompantseva Elena I Achenbach Laurie A Madigan M T 1999 08 01 Heliorestis daurensis gen nov sp nov an alkaliphilic rod to coiled shaped phototrophic heliobacterium from a Siberian soda lake Archives of Microbiology 172 3 167 174 doi 10 1007 s002030050756 ISSN 1432 072X PMID 10460887 S2CID 22557416 Asao Marie Madigan Michael T June 2010 Taxonomy phylogeny and ecology of the heliobacteria Photosynthesis Research 104 2 3 103 111 doi 10 1007 s11120 009 9516 1 ISSN 1573 5079 PMID 20094790 S2CID 10052124 J P Euzeby Heliobacteriaceae List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN Retrieved 2022 09 09 Sayers et al Heliobacteriaceae National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI taxonomy database Retrieved 2022 09 09 The LTP Retrieved 23 February 2022 LTP all tree in newick format Retrieved 23 February 2022 LTP 01 2022 Release Notes PDF Retrieved 23 February 2022 GTDB release 07 RS207 Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 bac120 r207 sp labels Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 Taxon History Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 Further reading EditGest H amp Favinger J L 1983 Arch Microbiol 136 11 16 Madigan M T 1992 In Balows et al eds The Prokaryotes pp 1981 1992 Springer New York Madigan M T amp Ormerod J G 1995 In Blankenship et al eds Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria pp 17 30 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York Ormerod J G et al 1996 Arch Microbiol 165 226 234 Madigan M T Martinko J M Dunlap P V Clark D P 2009 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition p 453 454 Heinnickel M amp Golbeck J H 2007 Photosynthesis Research 92 35 53 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heliobacteria amp oldid 1139472997, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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