The vilayet was established in March 1866.[4] The new boundaries of Aleppo were stretched northward to include the largely Turkish-speaking cities of Maraş, Antep and Urfa giving the province a roughly equal number of Arabic- and Turkish-speakers, as well as a large Armenian-speaking minority.[5]
Thanks to its strategic geographic location on the trade route between Anatolia and the east, Aleppo rose to high prominence in the Ottoman era, at one point being second only to Constantinople in the empire. However, the economy of Aleppo was badly hit by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, and since then Damascus rose as a serious competitor with Aleppo over the title of the capital of Syria.
Historically, Aleppo was more united in economy and culture with its sister Anatolian cities than with Damascus. This fact still shows today with the distinctive cultural differences between Aleppo and Damascus.
At the end of World War I, the Treaty of Sèvres made most of the Province of Aleppo part of the newly established nation of Syria, while Cilicia was promised by France to become an Armenian state. However, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk annexed most of the Province of Aleppo as well as Cilicia to Turkey in his War of Independence. The Arab residents in the province (as well as the Kurds) supported the Turks in this war against the French, a notable example being Ibrahim Hanano who directly coordinated with Atatürk and received weaponry from him. The outcome, however, was disastrous for Aleppo, because as per the Treaty of Lausanne, most of the Province of Aleppo was made part of Turkey with the exception of Aleppo and Alexandretta; thus, Aleppo was cut from its northern satellites and from the Anatolian cities beyond on which Aleppo depended heavily in commerce. Moreover, the Sykes-Picot division of the Near East separated Aleppo from most of Mesopotamia, which also harmed the economy of Aleppo. The situation exacerbated further in 1939 when Alexandretta was annexed to Turkey, thus depriving Aleppo from its main port of İskenderun and leaving it in total isolation within Syria.
DemographicsEdit
At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 30,304 square miles (78,490 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) reported a population of 1,500,000.[6] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[6]
The dominant language was Arabic, but Turkish was spoken among the villagers of Kilis and Aintab, and Kurdish around Urfa. Ethnic groups in the vilayet included Arabs, Turks, Circassians, Kurds, Turkomans, Ansaris, Yezidis, Druze, Armenians, Syriacs,Maronites, Jews, and some Germanic-speaking Europeans.[7]
Administrative divisionsEdit
Map of subdivisions of Aleppo Vilayet in 1907Divisions of the Vilayet
^ abc(PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011. // Original document on PDF Pages 629-630/656. Note that Alep is Aleppo in French.
^Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1796, at Google Books
^Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Edirne ("Yearbook of the Vilayet of Aleppo"), Halep vilâyet matbaası, Halep [Syria], 1291 [1874]. in the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library.
^Ronald Grigor Suny; Fatma Muge Gocek; Norman M. Naimark (2011). A Question of Genocide:Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN978-0-19-979276-4.
^Bruce Masters (2013). The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press. p. 181. ISBN978-1-107-03363-4.
aleppo, vilayet, vilayet, aleppo, ottoman, turkish, ولايت, حلب, romanized, vilâyet, halep, arabic, ولاية, حلب, citation, needed, first, level, administrative, division, vilayet, ottoman, empire, centered, city, aleppo, ولاية, حلب, vilâyet, halebvilayet, ottoma. The Vilayet of Aleppo 2 Ottoman Turkish ولايت حلب romanized Vilayet i Halep 3 Arabic ولاية حلب citation needed was a first level administrative division vilayet of the Ottoman Empire centered on the city of Aleppo ولاية حلب Vilayet i HalebVilayet of Ottoman Empire1866 1918FlagThe Aleppo Vilayet in 1900CapitalAleppoArea Coordinates36 28 N 37 05 E 36 46 N 37 09 E 36 46 37 09Population Muslim 1914 1 576 320 Greek 1914 1 21 954 Armenian 1914 1 40 843HistoryHistory Vilayet Law1866 Disestablished1918Preceded by Succeeded byAdana EyaletAleppo EyaletDulkadir Eyalet Occupied Enemy Territory AdministrationToday part ofSyriaTurkey Contents 1 History 2 Demographics 3 Administrative divisions 4 Governors 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The vilayet was established in March 1866 4 The new boundaries of Aleppo were stretched northward to include the largely Turkish speaking cities of Maras Antep and Urfa giving the province a roughly equal number of Arabic and Turkish speakers as well as a large Armenian speaking minority 5 Thanks to its strategic geographic location on the trade route between Anatolia and the east Aleppo rose to high prominence in the Ottoman era at one point being second only to Constantinople in the empire However the economy of Aleppo was badly hit by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and since then Damascus rose as a serious competitor with Aleppo over the title of the capital of Syria Historically Aleppo was more united in economy and culture with its sister Anatolian cities than with Damascus This fact still shows today with the distinctive cultural differences between Aleppo and Damascus At the end of World War I the Treaty of Sevres made most of the Province of Aleppo part of the newly established nation of Syria while Cilicia was promised by France to become an Armenian state However Mustafa Kemal Ataturk annexed most of the Province of Aleppo as well as Cilicia to Turkey in his War of Independence The Arab residents in the province as well as the Kurds supported the Turks in this war against the French a notable example being Ibrahim Hanano who directly coordinated with Ataturk and received weaponry from him The outcome however was disastrous for Aleppo because as per the Treaty of Lausanne most of the Province of Aleppo was made part of Turkey with the exception of Aleppo and Alexandretta thus Aleppo was cut from its northern satellites and from the Anatolian cities beyond on which Aleppo depended heavily in commerce Moreover the Sykes Picot division of the Near East separated Aleppo from most of Mesopotamia which also harmed the economy of Aleppo The situation exacerbated further in 1939 when Alexandretta was annexed to Turkey thus depriving Aleppo from its main port of Iskenderun and leaving it in total isolation within Syria Demographics EditAt the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 30 304 square miles 78 490 km2 while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 published in 1908 reported a population of 1 500 000 6 The accuracy of the population figures ranges from approximate to merely conjectural depending on the region from which they were gathered 6 The dominant language was Arabic but Turkish was spoken among the villagers of Kilis and Aintab and Kurdish around Urfa Ethnic groups in the vilayet included Arabs Turks Circassians Kurds Turkomans Ansaris Yezidis Druze Armenians Syriacs Maronites Jews and some Germanic speaking Europeans 7 Administrative divisions Edit nbsp Map of subdivisions of Aleppo Vilayet in 1907 nbsp Divisions of the VilayetSanjaks of the vilayet circa 1876 8 Aleppo Sanjak In 1908 the kaza of Ayintab was joined with the kaza of Pazarcik from the Marash Sanjak and became a sanjak citation needed Aleppo Iskenderun Antakya Belen Idlib Al Bab Jisr al Shughur Aintab Sanjak Gaziantep Kilis Rumkale Cebelisemaan Sanjak Mount Simeon Maarrat al Nu man Manbij Marash Sanjak Kahramanmaras Pazarcik Elbistan Suleymanli Goksun Urfa Sanjak Sanliurfa Birecik Nizip Suruc Harran Raqqa Zor Sanjak later became an independent sanjak Deir ez Zor Ras al Ayn Governors EditSee also EditOttoman SyriaReferences Edit a b c 1914 Census Statistics PDF Turkish General Staff pp 605 606 Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2011 Retrieved 29 January 2011 Original document on PDF Pages 629 630 656 Note that Alep is Aleppo in French Geographical Dictionary of the World p 1796 at Google Books Salname yi Vilayet i Edirne Yearbook of the Vilayet of Aleppo Halep vilayet matbaasi Halep Syria 1291 1874 in the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library Ronald Grigor Suny Fatma Muge Gocek Norman M Naimark 2011 A Question of Genocide Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire Oxford University Press p 67 ISBN 978 0 19 979276 4 Bruce Masters 2013 The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire 1516 1918 A Social and Cultural History Cambridge University Press p 181 ISBN 978 1 107 03363 4 a b Asia by A H Keane page 460 Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Sessional Papers Volume 93 H M Stationery Office 1907 p 5 Retrieved 30 November 2022 Pavet de Courteille Abel 1876 Etat present de l empire ottoman in French J Dumaine pp 91 96 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aleppo Vilayet nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Aleppo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aleppo vilayet amp oldid 1163355546, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
