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Hongniao

January 01, 1970

The HN (reported short for Hong Niao, or Hongniao, 红鸟 meaning Red Bird) missiles are a series of turbofan powered Chinese land attack cruise missiles, based on the X-600.

Hongniao (HN)
TypeLand attack cruise missiles
Place of originChina
Service history
In servicelate 1999 to present
Used byChina
Production history
ManufacturerNew New Electrical Factory (新新电机厂) in Shanghai
Producedlate 1990s
Specifications
Mass1.6 – 2.5 ton
Warheadconventional or nuclear warheads
Detonation
mechanism
Proximity / semi-armor-piercing
Engineturbofan
Propellantliquid fuel
Operational
range
600 to 3,000+ km [1][2]
Flight altitude40 to 100 meter above sea and ground
Maximum speed ≈ Mach 0.7 – 0.9
Guidance
system
TERCOM / Inertial guidance/ TV / Imaging infrared homing
Launch
platform
Xian H-6, Xian JH-7, ships, submarines, & ground launchers

Development edit

Although China was satisfied with the performance of its own Changfeng series land attack cruise missile, an inherent problem with this turbojet powered Changfeng (missile) meant that the size and weight of the missile were too large to be carried by aerial platforms in Chinese inventory and the range of the missile was inadequate. A turbofan powered version was needed, but due to the limitation of Chinese R&D and industrial capability of the time, this could not be achieved immediately. As a result, China decided to take a two-step approach, first to have the turbojet powered Changfeng missile meet the immediate need, then complete development on a turbofan powered version like the Tomahawk (missile) for deployment on aerial platforms while China was building up its industrial infrastructure.

The breakup of the former Soviet Union provided a great boost for Chinese efforts in developing its own turbofan powered cruise missiles. According to US intelligence, by the end of 1992, China had successfully recruited more than fifteen hundred former Soviet missile scientists to work in China, and around twenty percent, roughly totaling around three hundred, were assigned to work in Shanghai to specifically aid the Chinese cruise missile development project. Although many Chinese sources agreed with US intelligence assessments, they disagree on the contributions of Russian/Soviet scientists. Instead of helping China to develop a specific missile type, Russian/Soviet expertise was first utilized on a much broader strategic scale in helping China to build the necessary industrial infrastructure needed to indigenously develop its own missiles in the future. These Chinese claims have been corroborated by the fact that despite a complete Kh-55 production facility being transferred to China in 1995 and the Russian public announcement of helping China in developing cruise missiles at the 1996 Paris Airshow, the first Chinese turbofan powered land attack cruise missile did not enter service until somewhere between the late 1990s and early 2000s, well after turbojet powered CF series land attack cruise missiles had already entered Chinese service.

In addition to the transfer of a complete Kh-55 production facility from Russia to China around 1995, China received another great boost in its land attack cruise missile development between 1999 and 2001 when half-a-dozen Kh-55 missiles were delivered to China from the Ukraine (a dozen were transferred to Iran from Ukraine at the same time). These missiles were supposedly to be destroyed under the US-funded disarmament program but have provided valuable experience for China in its effort in developing its own versions, including both the HN series and DH-10. HN series land cruise attack missiles are developed by the New Electrical Factory (新新电机厂) in Shanghai, one of the three Chinese land attack cruise missile developers (the other two being , the developer of the Changfeng (missile), and the 3rd Design Academy of Aerospace Ministry in Beijing, later reorganized as CHEMTA, short for China Sea Eagle Electromechanical Technology Academy, 中国海鹰机电技术研究院).

HN-1 edit

The HN-1 is reportedly a Chinese development of the native X-600 missile. Some sources believe it was based on the Kh-SD. The biggest difference between the HN-1 and its rumored origin Kh-SD missile is that a turbofan engine was adapted for HN-1, replacing the turbojet engine of Kh-SD. In 1988, China built an improved missile based on the X-600, called the HN-1.[1][3] The top priority of HN-1 development was to have a land attack cruise missile compact enough to be carried by the Xian H-6, which was successfully achieved, but the claims of the HN-1 being able to be carried by the Xian JH-7 has yet to be verified. It is reported that HN-1 missiles consist of two versions, the ground-launched HN-1A and air-launched HN-1B. A test flight of the HN-1 was successfully completed in June 1999, and the missile is believed to have entered Chinese service in the same year.

HN-2 edit

The HN-2 is reportedly the development of the Chinese HN-1. It incorporates an improved turbofan engine. It was tested in 1995. It carries a 20-90 kiloton warhead and a 400 kg warhead.[1][3] Another improvement of HN-2 is that a high altitude approach mode is added. The maximum range is about 1,800 km.[3] The HN-2 reportedly entered Chinese service in 2001.

HN-3 edit

The HN-3 is an enlarged version of the Chinese HN-2, and many Chinese sources have claimed that by this time, Chinese capability had matured enough to develop this project on its own. The HN-3 actually increased in size and weight in comparison to earlier HN-1 and HN-2 missiles, and some sources have claimed that it is even larger than the Kh-65. The range of HN-3 is subject to debate and claims vary on the range from greater than a thousand kilometers to nearly three thousand kilometers. However, the DH-10, another Chinese land attack cruise missile with range between two thousand to three thousand kilometers is based on the Kh-55[citation needed]. An estimated range of the HN-3 of between one thousand and two thousand kilometers is more probable[citation needed]. The range of the HN-3 is somewhere between 1,200 and 3,000  km.[2][unreliable source?] The HN-3 reportedly entered Chinese service in 2002, and a ground-launched version has also been reportedly developed.

HN-2000 edit

A stealthy, supersonic cruise/anti-ship missile has been reported under development. It is reported to be equipped with a millimeter wave active radar homing, infrared imaging mapping, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and Beidou satellite guidance. It has an CEP (accuracy) of as little as 1–3 meters and a range of 4000 km. However such a weapon is still said to be under development, with little information on them currently available.[4][5]

User edit

Gallery edit

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    HN-3
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    HN-3
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    HN-3
  •  
    HN-3

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Hong Niao Series (HN-1/-2/-3)". Missile Threat.
  2. ^ a b "DH-10 / CJ-10 / Land-Attack Cruise Missiles (LACM)". www.globalsecurity.org.
  3. ^ a b c HN-2
  4. ^ "China's DH-10 Cruise Missile Program | PDF | Cruise Missile | Missile". Scribd.
  5. ^ "令人畏惧:中国红鸟2000巡航导弹具全球攻击能力-军事-Chn强国网". Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2011-03-16.

Bibliography edit

  • CSIS Missile Threat - Hong Niao Series
  • Changfeng & Hongniao missiles

January 01, 1970
hongniao, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 2012, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hongniao news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2012 Learn how and when to remove this message The HN reported short for Hong Niao or Hongniao 红鸟 meaning Red Bird missiles are a series of turbofan powered Chinese land attack cruise missiles based on the X 600 Hongniao HN TypeLand attack cruise missilesPlace of originChinaService historyIn servicelate 1999 to presentUsed byChinaProduction historyManufacturerNew New Electrical Factory 新新电机厂 in ShanghaiProducedlate 1990sSpecificationsMass1 6 2 5 tonWarheadconventional or nuclear warheadsDetonationmechanismProximity semi armor piercingEngineturbofanPropellantliquid fuelOperationalrange600 to 3 000 km 1 2 Flight altitude40 to 100 meter above sea and groundMaximum speed Mach 0 7 0 9GuidancesystemTERCOM Inertial guidance TV Imaging infrared homingLaunchplatformXian H 6 Xian JH 7 ships submarines amp ground launchers Contents 1 Development 2 HN 1 3 HN 2 4 HN 3 5 HN 2000 6 User 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 BibliographyDevelopment editAlthough China was satisfied with the performance of its own Changfeng series land attack cruise missile an inherent problem with this turbojet powered Changfeng missile meant that the size and weight of the missile were too large to be carried by aerial platforms in Chinese inventory and the range of the missile was inadequate A turbofan powered version was needed but due to the limitation of Chinese R amp D and industrial capability of the time this could not be achieved immediately As a result China decided to take a two step approach first to have the turbojet powered Changfeng missile meet the immediate need then complete development on a turbofan powered version like the Tomahawk missile for deployment on aerial platforms while China was building up its industrial infrastructure The breakup of the former Soviet Union provided a great boost for Chinese efforts in developing its own turbofan powered cruise missiles According to US intelligence by the end of 1992 China had successfully recruited more than fifteen hundred former Soviet missile scientists to work in China and around twenty percent roughly totaling around three hundred were assigned to work in Shanghai to specifically aid the Chinese cruise missile development project Although many Chinese sources agreed with US intelligence assessments they disagree on the contributions of Russian Soviet scientists Instead of helping China to develop a specific missile type Russian Soviet expertise was first utilized on a much broader strategic scale in helping China to build the necessary industrial infrastructure needed to indigenously develop its own missiles in the future These Chinese claims have been corroborated by the fact that despite a complete Kh 55 production facility being transferred to China in 1995 and the Russian public announcement of helping China in developing cruise missiles at the 1996 Paris Airshow the first Chinese turbofan powered land attack cruise missile did not enter service until somewhere between the late 1990s and early 2000s well after turbojet powered CF series land attack cruise missiles had already entered Chinese service In addition to the transfer of a complete Kh 55 production facility from Russia to China around 1995 China received another great boost in its land attack cruise missile development between 1999 and 2001 when half a dozen Kh 55 missiles were delivered to China from the Ukraine a dozen were transferred to Iran from Ukraine at the same time These missiles were supposedly to be destroyed under the US funded disarmament program but have provided valuable experience for China in its effort in developing its own versions including both the HN series and DH 10 HN series land cruise attack missiles are developed by the New Electrical Factory 新新电机厂 in Shanghai one of the three Chinese land attack cruise missile developers the other two being Sanjiang Space Estate 三江航天集团 the developer of the Changfeng missile and the 3rd Design Academy of Aerospace Ministry in Beijing later reorganized as CHEMTA short for China Sea Eagle Electromechanical Technology Academy 中国海鹰机电技术研究院 HN 1 editThe HN 1 is reportedly a Chinese development of the native X 600 missile Some sources believe it was based on the Kh SD The biggest difference between the HN 1 and its rumored origin Kh SD missile is that a turbofan engine was adapted for HN 1 replacing the turbojet engine of Kh SD In 1988 China built an improved missile based on the X 600 called the HN 1 1 3 The top priority of HN 1 development was to have a land attack cruise missile compact enough to be carried by the Xian H 6 which was successfully achieved but the claims of the HN 1 being able to be carried by the Xian JH 7 has yet to be verified It is reported that HN 1 missiles consist of two versions the ground launched HN 1A and air launched HN 1B A test flight of the HN 1 was successfully completed in June 1999 and the missile is believed to have entered Chinese service in the same year HN 2 editThe HN 2 is reportedly the development of the Chinese HN 1 It incorporates an improved turbofan engine It was tested in 1995 It carries a 20 90 kiloton warhead and a 400 kg warhead 1 3 Another improvement of HN 2 is that a high altitude approach mode is added The maximum range is about 1 800 km 3 The HN 2 reportedly entered Chinese service in 2001 HN 3 editThe HN 3 is an enlarged version of the Chinese HN 2 and many Chinese sources have claimed that by this time Chinese capability had matured enough to develop this project on its own The HN 3 actually increased in size and weight in comparison to earlier HN 1 and HN 2 missiles and some sources have claimed that it is even larger than the Kh 65 The range of HN 3 is subject to debate and claims vary on the range from greater than a thousand kilometers to nearly three thousand kilometers However the DH 10 another Chinese land attack cruise missile with range between two thousand to three thousand kilometers is based on the Kh 55 citation needed An estimated range of the HN 3 of between one thousand and two thousand kilometers is more probable citation needed The range of the HN 3 is somewhere between 1 200 and 3 000 km 2 unreliable source The HN 3 reportedly entered Chinese service in 2002 and a ground launched version has also been reportedly developed HN 2000 editA stealthy supersonic cruise anti ship missile has been reported under development It is reported to be equipped with a millimeter wave active radar homing infrared imaging mapping synthetic aperture radar SAR and Beidou satellite guidance It has an CEP accuracy of as little as 1 3 meters and a range of 4000 km However such a weapon is still said to be under development with little information on them currently available 4 5 User edit nbsp China People s Liberation Army Ground ForceGallery edit nbsp HN 3 nbsp HN 3 nbsp HN 3 nbsp HN 3See also edit nbsp BGM 109 Tomahawk nbsp 3M 54 Kalibr nbsp RK 55 nbsp Hyunmoo 3 nbsp Yun Feng nbsp AV TM 300 nbsp NirbhayReferences edit a b c Hong Niao Series HN 1 2 3 Missile Threat a b DH 10 CJ 10 Land Attack Cruise Missiles LACM www globalsecurity org a b c HN 2 China s DH 10 Cruise Missile Program PDF Cruise Missile Missile Scribd 令人畏惧 中国红鸟2000巡航导弹具全球攻击能力 军事 Chn强国网 Archived from the original on 2012 07 22 Retrieved 2011 03 16 Bibliography editCSIS Missile Threat Hong Niao Series Changfeng amp Hongniao missiles CF amp HN missiles Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hongniao amp oldid 1194259345 HN 2000, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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