Herald Rea Cox (1907–1986) was an American bacteriologist. The bacterial family Coxiellaceae and the genus Coxiella, which include the organism that causes Q fever, are named after him.
In the 1930s, Cox joined the U.S. Public Health Service as Principal Bacteriologist at the Rocky Mountain Laboratory in Hamilton, Montana. While there, he studied rickettsia, a group of organisms that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. In 1938, he discovered that rickettsia could be grown in fertile egg membranes, which led to the development of vaccines to combat Rocky Mountain spotted fever and vaccines for several strains of typhus.
The family Coxiellaceae and the genus Coxiella, which contain the organism that causes Q fever, are named for Cox.
In 1942, Cox became head of the Virus and Rickettsial Research Department at Lederle Laboratories in New York. At that time, public health attention focused on finding a vaccine for polio. Cox was one of many researchers competing to find a breakthrough, which is generally credited to Jonas Salk (1952). Although Cox's egg technique was in widespread use by 1943, it had not been successful for polio. In 1947, John Franklin Enders and others demonstrated that monkey tissue provided a suitable medium to grow the virus in the lab. Salk employed the Enders method, incubating the virus using rhesus monkey kidneys and testicles. Cox eschewed the technique because of the danger monkey virus represented. In October, 1952, Cox reported that he had grown the Lansing strain of polio virus in fertile hens' eggs, and in 1961, he announced an oral polio vaccine.[1] Meanwhile, human trials of Albert Sabin's successful oral vaccine had begun in 1957, and it would be licensed for general use in 1961.[2]
Within Lederle Laboratories, Cox competed with co-worker Hilary Koprowski, as each had developed a successful polio vaccine.[2]
Cox retired from Lederle in 1972. He was later director of cancer research at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (then known as Roswell Park Memorial Institute), where he concentrated on cancer immunology .
Honors
1940: Theobald Smith Award, American Association for the Advancement of Science (for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever vaccine)
1942: Doctor of Science, University of Montana
1946: Typhus Commission Medal
1951: Ricketts Award
1958: Distinguished Alumni Award, Indiana State University
1961: President, American Society for Microbiology
1971: Honorary Member, Society of American Bacteriologists, American Society for Microbiology
^ abFuresz J (2006). "Developments in the production and quality control of poliovirus vaccines – Historical perspectives". Biologicals. 34 (2): 87–90. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.02.008. PMID 16621594.
April 14, 2023
herald, 1907, 1986, american, bacteriologist, bacterial, family, coxiellaceae, genus, coxiella, which, include, organism, that, causes, fever, named, after, herald, using, microscope, 1938bornterre, haute, indianaalma, materindiana, state, normal, schoolscient. Herald Rea Cox 1907 1986 was an American bacteriologist The bacterial family Coxiellaceae and the genus Coxiella which include the organism that causes Q fever are named after him Dr Herald Rea CoxH R Cox using microscope in 1938BornTerre Haute IndianaAlma materIndiana State Normal SchoolScientific careerFieldsBacteriologyInstitutionsRocky Mountain Laboratory in Hamilton Montana Lederle Laboratories Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Contents 1 Biography 2 Honors 3 Archived papers 4 ReferencesBiography EditBorn in Terre Haute Indiana he graduated from Indiana State Normal School now Indiana State University in 1928 before obtaining his doctorate from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health In the 1930s Cox joined the U S Public Health Service as Principal Bacteriologist at the Rocky Mountain Laboratory in Hamilton Montana While there he studied rickettsia a group of organisms that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus In 1938 he discovered that rickettsia could be grown in fertile egg membranes which led to the development of vaccines to combat Rocky Mountain spotted fever and vaccines for several strains of typhus The family Coxiellaceae and the genus Coxiella which contain the organism that causes Q fever are named for Cox In 1942 Cox became head of the Virus and Rickettsial Research Department at Lederle Laboratories in New York At that time public health attention focused on finding a vaccine for polio Cox was one of many researchers competing to find a breakthrough which is generally credited to Jonas Salk 1952 Although Cox s egg technique was in widespread use by 1943 it had not been successful for polio In 1947 John Franklin Enders and others demonstrated that monkey tissue provided a suitable medium to grow the virus in the lab Salk employed the Enders method incubating the virus using rhesus monkey kidneys and testicles Cox eschewed the technique because of the danger monkey virus represented In October 1952 Cox reported that he had grown the Lansing strain of polio virus in fertile hens eggs and in 1961 he announced an oral polio vaccine 1 Meanwhile human trials of Albert Sabin s successful oral vaccine had begun in 1957 and it would be licensed for general use in 1961 2 Within Lederle Laboratories Cox competed with co worker Hilary Koprowski as each had developed a successful polio vaccine 2 Cox retired from Lederle in 1972 He was later director of cancer research at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center then known as Roswell Park Memorial Institute where he concentrated on cancer immunology 1 Honors Edit1940 Theobald Smith Award American Association for the Advancement of Science for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever vaccine 1942 Doctor of Science University of Montana 1946 Typhus Commission Medal 1951 Ricketts Award 1958 Distinguished Alumni Award Indiana State University 1961 President American Society for Microbiology 1971 Honorary Member Society of American Bacteriologists American Society for MicrobiologyArchived papers EditAmerican Society for Microbiology ArchivesReferences Edit Cox HR December 1961 Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine Bacteriological Reviews 25 4 383 388 PMC 441121 PMID 13881902 a b Furesz J 2006 Developments in the production and quality control of poliovirus vaccines Historical perspectives Biologicals 34 2 87 90 doi 10 1016 j biologicals 2006 02 008 PMID 16621594 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title H R Cox amp oldid 1143840858, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
