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Hōjō clan

February 16, 2024

For the unrelated Hōjō clan of the Sengoku Period, see Later Hōjō clan.

The Hōjō clan (Japanese: 北条氏, Hepburn: Hōjō-shi) was a Japanese samurai family who controlled the hereditary title of shikken (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate between 1203 and 1333. Despite the title, in practice the family wielded actual political power in Japan during this period compared to both the Kamakura shoguns, or the Imperial Court in Kyoto, whose authority was largely symbolic. The Hōjō are known for fostering Zen Buddhism and for leading the successful opposition to the Mongol invasions of Japan. Resentment at Hōjō rule eventually culminated in the overthrow of the clan and the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate.

Hōjō
北条
The emblem (mon) of the Hōjō clan
Home province
Parent houseTaira clan
Titles
FounderHōjō Tokimasa
Final rulerHōjō Takatoki
Founding year12th century
Dissolution1333
Ruled until1333

History edit

Bloodline edit

The Hōjō are alleged to have been an offshoot of the Taira of the Kanmu branch, originating in Izu Province. They gained power by supporting the defeat of the Taira by intermarrying with and supporting Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Genpei War. The Hōjō usurped power when Yoritomo died eighteen years later.

Rise to power edit

Hōjō Tokimasa helped Minamoto no Yoritomo, a son-in-law, defeat the forces of the Taira to become Japan's first shōgun. Hōjō Masako, Tokimasa's daughter, was married to Yoritomo. After the death of Yoritomo, Tokimasa became shikken (regent) to the child shōgun, thus effectively transferring control of the shogunate to his clan permanently.[1] Consequently the shōguns became puppets and hostages of the Hōjō.

Early events edit

The Imperial court at Kyoto resented the decline in its authority during the Kamakura shogunate, and the clan disliked Emperor Go-Toba. and in 1221 the Jōkyū War broke out between retired Emperor Go-Toba and the second regent Hōjō Yoshitoki. The Hōjō forces easily won the war, and the imperial court was brought under the direct control of the shogunate, while the emperor was exiled "to a remote island off western Japan."[2] The shōgun's constables gained greater civil powers, and the court was obliged to seek the shōgun's approval for all of its actions. Although deprived of political power, the court retained extensive estates in Kyoto.

Several significant administrative achievements were made during the Hōjō regency. In 1225 the third regent Hōjō Yasutoki established the Council of State, providing opportunities for other military lords to exercise judicial and legislative authority at Kamakura. The Hōjō regent presided over the council, which was a successful form of collective leadership. The adoption of Japan's first military code of law—the Goseibai Shikimoku—in 1232 reflected the profound transition from court to militarized society. While legal practices in Kyoto were still based on 500-year-old Confucian principles, the new code was a highly legalistic document that stressed the duties of stewards and constables, provided means for settling land disputes, and established rules governing inheritances. It was clear and concise, stipulated punishments for violators of its conditions, and remained in effect for the next 635 years.

As might be expected, the literature of the time reflected the unsettled nature of the period. The Hōjōki describes the turmoil of the period in terms of the Buddhist concepts of impermanence and the vanity of human projects. The Heike monogatari narrated the rise and fall of the Taira, replete with tales of wars and samurai deeds. A second literary mainstream was the continuation of anthologies of poetry in the Shin Kokin Wakashū, of which twenty volumes were produced between 1201 and 1205.

List of Hōjō Shikken edit

  1. Hōjō Tokimasa (1138–1215) (r. 1203–1205)
  2. Hōjō Yoshitoki (1163–1224) (r. 1205–1224)
  3. Hōjō Yasutoki (1183–1242) (r. 1224–1242)
  4. Hōjō Tsunetoki (1224–1246) (r. 1242–1246)
  5. Hōjō Tokiyori (1227–1263) (r. 1246–1256)
  6. Hōjō Nagatoki (1229–1264) (r. 1256–1264)
  7. Hōjō Masamura (1205–1273) (r. 1264–1268)
  8. Hōjō Tokimune (1251–1284) (r. 1268–1284)
  9. Hōjō Sadatoki (1271–1311) (r. 1284–1301)
  10. Hōjō Morotoki (1275–1311) (r. 1301–1311)
  11. Hōjō Munenobu (1259–1312) (r. 1311–1312)
  12. Hōjō Hirotoki (1279–1315) (r. 1312–1315)
  13. Hōjō Mototoki (1286-1333) (r. 1315)
  14. Hōjō Takatoki (1303–1333) (r. 1316–1326)
  15. Hōjō Sadaaki (1278–1333) (r. 1326)
  16. Hōjō Moritoki (1295-1333) (r. 1327–1333)
  17. Hōjō Sadayuki (1302-1333) (r.1333)

Aside from the regents above, those who played an important role among the Hōjō clan are:

References in media edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Harrison, John A. "Hōjō family". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  2. ^ Allen, Tony; Grant, R. G.; Parker, Philip; Celtel, Kay; Kramer, Ann; Weeks, Marcus (June 2022). Timelines of World History (First American ed.). New York: DK. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7440-5627-3.
  3. ^ "Civilization 6's civilizations, leaders and their unique abilities". PCGamesN. July 27, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.

February 16, 2024
hōjō, clan, unrelated, sengoku, period, later, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, . For the unrelated Hōjō clan of the Sengoku Period see Later Hōjō clan This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hōjō clan news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed January 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Hōjō clan Japanese 北条氏 Hepburn Hōjō shi was a Japanese samurai family who controlled the hereditary title of shikken regent of the Kamakura shogunate between 1203 and 1333 Despite the title in practice the family wielded actual political power in Japan during this period compared to both the Kamakura shoguns or the Imperial Court in Kyoto whose authority was largely symbolic The Hōjō are known for fostering Zen Buddhism and for leading the successful opposition to the Mongol invasions of Japan Resentment at Hōjō rule eventually culminated in the overthrow of the clan and the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate Hōjō北条The emblem mon of the Hōjō clanHome provinceIzu SagamiParent houseTaira clanTitlesShikken Various othersFounderHōjō TokimasaFinal rulerHōjō TakatokiFounding year12th centuryDissolution1333Ruled until1333 Contents 1 History 1 1 Bloodline 1 2 Rise to power 1 3 Early events 2 List of Hōjō Shikken 3 References in media 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory editBloodline edit The Hōjō are alleged to have been an offshoot of the Taira of the Kanmu branch originating in Izu Province They gained power by supporting the defeat of the Taira by intermarrying with and supporting Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Genpei War The Hōjō usurped power when Yoritomo died eighteen years later Rise to power edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2017 Hōjō Tokimasa helped Minamoto no Yoritomo a son in law defeat the forces of the Taira to become Japan s first shōgun Hōjō Masako Tokimasa s daughter was married to Yoritomo After the death of Yoritomo Tokimasa became shikken regent to the child shōgun thus effectively transferring control of the shogunate to his clan permanently 1 Consequently the shōguns became puppets and hostages of the Hōjō Early events edit The Imperial court at Kyoto resented the decline in its authority during the Kamakura shogunate and the clan disliked Emperor Go Toba and in 1221 the Jōkyu War broke out between retired Emperor Go Toba and the second regent Hōjō Yoshitoki The Hōjō forces easily won the war and the imperial court was brought under the direct control of the shogunate while the emperor was exiled to a remote island off western Japan 2 The shōgun s constables gained greater civil powers and the court was obliged to seek the shōgun s approval for all of its actions Although deprived of political power the court retained extensive estates in Kyoto Several significant administrative achievements were made during the Hōjō regency In 1225 the third regent Hōjō Yasutoki established the Council of State providing opportunities for other military lords to exercise judicial and legislative authority at Kamakura The Hōjō regent presided over the council which was a successful form of collective leadership The adoption of Japan s first military code of law the Goseibai Shikimoku in 1232 reflected the profound transition from court to militarized society While legal practices in Kyoto were still based on 500 year old Confucian principles the new code was a highly legalistic document that stressed the duties of stewards and constables provided means for settling land disputes and established rules governing inheritances It was clear and concise stipulated punishments for violators of its conditions and remained in effect for the next 635 years As might be expected the literature of the time reflected the unsettled nature of the period The Hōjōki describes the turmoil of the period in terms of the Buddhist concepts of impermanence and the vanity of human projects The Heike monogatari narrated the rise and fall of the Taira replete with tales of wars and samurai deeds A second literary mainstream was the continuation of anthologies of poetry in the Shin Kokin Wakashu of which twenty volumes were produced between 1201 and 1205 List of Hōjō Shikken editHōjō Tokimasa 1138 1215 r 1203 1205 Hōjō Yoshitoki 1163 1224 r 1205 1224 Hōjō Yasutoki 1183 1242 r 1224 1242 Hōjō Tsunetoki 1224 1246 r 1242 1246 Hōjō Tokiyori 1227 1263 r 1246 1256 Hōjō Nagatoki 1229 1264 r 1256 1264 Hōjō Masamura 1205 1273 r 1264 1268 Hōjō Tokimune 1251 1284 r 1268 1284 Hōjō Sadatoki 1271 1311 r 1284 1301 Hōjō Morotoki 1275 1311 r 1301 1311 Hōjō Munenobu 1259 1312 r 1311 1312 Hōjō Hirotoki 1279 1315 r 1312 1315 Hōjō Mototoki 1286 1333 r 1315 Hōjō Takatoki 1303 1333 r 1316 1326 Hōjō Sadaaki 1278 1333 r 1326 Hōjō Moritoki 1295 1333 r 1327 1333 Hōjō Sadayuki 1302 1333 r 1333 Aside from the regents above those who played an important role among the Hōjō clan are Hōjō Sanetoki Hōjō MasakoReferences in media editThe Taiheiki Japanese 太平記 is a Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century that details the fall of the Hōjō clan and rise of the Ashikaga and the period of war Nanboku chō between the Northern Court of Ashikaga Takauji in Kyoto and the Southern Court of Emperor Go Daigo in Yoshino which forever splintered the Japanese Imperial Family Multiple modern films have been made based on the epic novel In the visual novel Policenauts the main plot deals with protagonist Jonathan Ingram locating his estranged wife s missing husband Kenzō Hōjō Hōjō s crest becomes an important gameplay element later on Hōjō Tokimune is the leader of the Japanese civilization in the strategy video game Sid Meier s Civilization VI 3 Hōjō Tokiyuki a son of the last Tokusō head of Hōjō clan is main character of The Elusive Samurai 逃げ上手の若君 manga by Yusei Matsui See also editShikken Hōjō hereditary post Tokusō the title of the head of the clan Rensho Hōjō hereditary post Rokuhara Tandai security force located in Kyoto Hōjō hereditary post Kamakura shogunate Mongol invasions of Japan History of Japan Kanazawa Bunko Hōkoku ji Later Hōjō clan a clan that took on the name Hōjō for the convenience of ruling over the Kanto region despite having no direct connection to the Kamakura Hōjō References edit Harrison John A Hōjō family Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 20 May 2016 Allen Tony Grant R G Parker Philip Celtel Kay Kramer Ann Weeks Marcus June 2022 Timelines of World History First American ed New York DK p 177 ISBN 978 0 7440 5627 3 Civilization 6 s civilizations leaders and their unique abilities PCGamesN July 27 2016 Retrieved July 28 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hōjō clan amp oldid 1201334331, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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