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Göreme

January 01, 1970

Göreme (Turkish: [ɟœˈɾeme]; Ancient Greek: Κόραμα, romanized: Kòrama) is a town (belde) in the Nevşehir District, Nevşehir Province in Central Anatolia, Turkey.[2] Its population is 2,034 (2022).[1] It is well known for its fairy chimneys (Turkish: peribacalar), eroded rock formations, many of which were hollowed out in the Middle Ages to create Christian churches, houses and underground cities.[3] Göreme was formerly known as Korama, Matiana, Macan and Avcilar.[4]

Göreme
Municipality
View of Göreme town
Göreme
Location in Turkey
Göreme
Göreme (Turkey Central Anatolia)
Coordinates: 38°38′35″N 34°49′44″E / 38.64306°N 34.82889°E / 38.64306; 34.82889
CountryTurkey
ProvinceNevşehir
DistrictNevşehir
Elevation
1,104 m (3,622 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
2,034
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Websitegoreme.bel.tr

Göreme sits at the heart of a network of valleys filled with astonishing rock formations. Being a centre of early Christianity, it also has the most painted churches, as well as hermitages and monasteries, in Cappadocia.[5]

Once an agricultural settlement, modern Göreme is best known for its flourishing tourism industry, in particular for its hot air balloon rides,[6] and many boutique hotels created out of old cave homes, in addition to ecclesiastical structures connected to its early Christian heritage.[7] The village sits within the Göreme National Park which was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.[8]

The nearest airports are Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport and Kayseri Airport. The village is also served by long-distance buses from all over Turkey.

Etymology edit

The name Korama was given by early Christians, with gor emi meaning 'you cannot see this place' in reference to the area serving as a hidden place of shelter during periods of persecution.[5]

History edit

 
Panorama of the town of Göreme

Goreme was an important centre of early Christianity.[5] Very little is known about Göreme's history until modern times in part because it was a small settlement away from the more travelled main roads linking Kayseri to Konya and the Mediterranean coast to Aksaray. The village contains several pillared tombs believed to date back to Roman times. In Byzantine times what is now Göreme was actually two separate but adjacent villages: Korama (Greek: Κόραμα) where the modern Open Air Museum can be found, and Matiana/Macan (Μάτιανα) where the modern village is. The first written record of Matiana and Korama appears in the proceedings of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 which was attended by representatives of both the settlements.[9] A Life of St Hieron, the patron saint of Göreme,[10] written in the sixth century nevertheless refers to events in the third century and offers the first mention of villagers living in cave houses. Some of the simpler cave churches around the village date from the sixth and seventh centuries, others from the tenth and eleventh centuries which is also when many of the frescoes were painted.

In 1796, the Mehmet Paşa Konağı (Mehmet Paşa Mansion) was constructed in Göreme, although the true name of the original owner is unknown. The walls of its selamlık (men's room) and haremlik (women's room) are completely covered with murals, those in the men's room featuring images of Constantinople mosques and landscapes, those in the women's room more domestic.[11]

The first Westerner writer to leave an account – and drawing – of Göreme was the French archaeologist Charles Texier who passed through in the 1830s.[12] In a book based on his travels in 1837 Sir William Hamilton referred to the chapel of St Hieron and the so-called Roma Kalesi (Roman Castle) in Göreme.[13]

The native Cappadocian Greek inhabitants relocated to Greece following the 1923 Population exchange.

Troglodytism edit

The malleable nature of the rocks and cones in and around Göreme has meant that people have carved out cave homes here from at least the third century (and probably from long before). The earliest such homes were probably simple caves but by the 20th century most of the houses (except those in single cones) had stone rooms built in front of the caves for families to live in while the caves were relegated to stabling and storage. The houses were designed to suit a place-specific way of life, with mangers for the animals cut from the rock along with presses used to tread grapes and later to make pekmez (grape molasses). Tandır ovens cut into the floors doubled as heating. This was a way of life that continued right into the first decade of the 21st century but that came to an effective end as a result of a tourism book that saw almost all the old houses converted into boutique hotels by around 2015.[14]

Tourism edit

Göreme was little visited by tourists until the 1970s but by 2000 had become the tourist capital of Cappadocia. Tourism brought wealth and a better standard of living to the village but it has completely changed not just the use of the old cave buildings within the village which have almost all been converted into hotels but also the lives of the villagers, almost all of whom now work in tourism.[15] Many erstwhile residents have moved to live in the surrounding towns and villages – Nevşehir, Avanos, Uçhisar and Ürgüp – having sold their houses in Göreme for conversion into hotels. In the second decade of the 21st century an increasing number of hotels started to be built or bought by investors from outside Göreme.

Gallery edit

  •  
    Göreme Historical National Park
  •  
    The Karanlık (Dark) Church
  •  
    Göreme cafe owner making flatbread
  •  
    View of Göreme
  •  
    Göreme national park as seen from space
  •  
    The Karanlık (Dark) Church, one of the finest frescoed churches within Göreme Open Air Museum.
 
Panoramic view of the Fairy Chimneys in Göreme National Park

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ^ Belde Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ Demir, Ömer (1997). Cappadocia: Cradle of History. 16: Azim Matbaacılık. p. 70. However, the longest working and living period was the century when underground cities in Cappadocia were dug by Christians who could not bear Arabic and Sassanid threat after Cappadocia was conquered … It is clearly visible in some underground cities in Cappadocia that the rooms located near the entrance are profoundly different from those that are inside. Saratli and Özlüce underground cities are given as an example regarding these differences.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ^ "Goreme". goreme.org. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Demir, Ömer (1997). Cappadocia: Cradle of History. 16: Azim Matbaacılık. p. 19. The Christians taking shelter in the valleys of Göreme because of Arab raids, named this place 'gor emi' meaning 'you cannot see this place'. The name was changed to Korama and then to Göreme. With its very interesting fairy chimneys and the rock-cut churches, the valley of Avcılar, 17 km from Nevşehir and 6 cm from Ürgüp, attracts travellers' attention. St Paul considered Göreme to be more suitable for the training of missionaries. There are about 400 churches in the vicinity of Göreme which was one of the most important centres of Christianity between the 6th and the 9th C, including churches found in and around Zelve, Mustafapaşa, Avcılar, Uçhisar, Ortahisar and Çavuşin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  6. ^ "CAPPADOCIA HOT AIR BALLOONS: THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY". Journey Era. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  7. ^ Demir, Ömer (1997). Cappadocia: Cradle of History. 16: Azim Matbaacılık. p. 15. History, nature and mankind have created many important wonders in Cappadocia: 1- The unique natural landscape, include fairy chimneys, rock formations and valleys. 2- The rock-hewn churches decorated with frescoes from the 6th-12th C of scenes from the Bible, especially the lives of Jesus, Mother Mary and saints.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ^ Lynch, Paul; McIntosh, Alison J.; Tucker, Hazel (2 June 2009). Commercial Homes in Tourism: An International Perspective. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-03028-6.
  9. ^ Freely, John (1998). The Western Interior of Turkey (1st ed.). Istanbul: SEV. p. 314. ISBN 9758176226.
  10. ^ John. "Holy Thirty-Three Martyrs of Melitene, Including Saint Hieron". Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  11. ^ "GÖREME-KÜÇÜK MEHMET KONAĞI Mayıs 2008 KAPADOKYA". cappadociaexplorer.com. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  12. ^ Texier, Charles (1837). Description de l'Asie Mineure (in French) (1st ed.). Paris.
  13. ^ Hamilton, William (1842). Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia (1st ed.). London.
  14. ^ Emge, Andus. "Old Order in New Space: Change in the Troglodytes Life in Capapdocia". Researchgate.
  15. ^ Tucker, Hazel (2003). Goreme Lives (1st ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 9780203987674.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Göreme.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Göreme.

January 01, 1970
göreme, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, turkish, july, 2009, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, turkish, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, . You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Turkish July 2009 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Turkish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 443 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Turkish Wikipedia article at tr Goreme Tarihi Milli Parki see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated tr Goreme Tarihi Milli Parki to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Goreme Turkish ɟœˈɾeme Ancient Greek Korama romanized Korama is a town belde in the Nevsehir District Nevsehir Province in Central Anatolia Turkey 2 Its population is 2 034 2022 1 It is well known for its fairy chimneys Turkish peribacalar eroded rock formations many of which were hollowed out in the Middle Ages to create Christian churches houses and underground cities 3 Goreme was formerly known as Korama Matiana Macan and Avcilar 4 GoremeMunicipalityView of Goreme townGoremeLocation in TurkeyShow map of TurkeyGoremeGoreme Turkey Central Anatolia Show map of Turkey Central AnatoliaCoordinates 38 38 35 N 34 49 44 E 38 64306 N 34 82889 E 38 64306 34 82889CountryTurkeyProvinceNevsehirDistrictNevsehirElevation1 104 m 3 622 ft Population 2022 1 2 034Time zoneUTC 3 TRT Websitegoreme wbr bel wbr tr Goreme sits at the heart of a network of valleys filled with astonishing rock formations Being a centre of early Christianity it also has the most painted churches as well as hermitages and monasteries in Cappadocia 5 Once an agricultural settlement modern Goreme is best known for its flourishing tourism industry in particular for its hot air balloon rides 6 and many boutique hotels created out of old cave homes in addition to ecclesiastical structures connected to its early Christian heritage 7 The village sits within the Goreme National Park which was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 8 The nearest airports are Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport and Kayseri Airport The village is also served by long distance buses from all over Turkey Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Troglodytism 2 2 Tourism 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEtymology editThe name Korama was given by early Christians with gor emi meaning you cannot see this place in reference to the area serving as a hidden place of shelter during periods of persecution 5 History edit nbsp Panorama of the town of Goreme Goreme was an important centre of early Christianity 5 Very little is known about Goreme s history until modern times in part because it was a small settlement away from the more travelled main roads linking Kayseri to Konya and the Mediterranean coast to Aksaray The village contains several pillared tombs believed to date back to Roman times In Byzantine times what is now Goreme was actually two separate but adjacent villages Korama Greek Korama where the modern Open Air Museum can be found and Matiana Macan Matiana where the modern village is The first written record of Matiana and Korama appears in the proceedings of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 which was attended by representatives of both the settlements 9 A Life of St Hieron the patron saint of Goreme 10 written in the sixth century nevertheless refers to events in the third century and offers the first mention of villagers living in cave houses Some of the simpler cave churches around the village date from the sixth and seventh centuries others from the tenth and eleventh centuries which is also when many of the frescoes were painted In 1796 the Mehmet Pasa Konagi Mehmet Pasa Mansion was constructed in Goreme although the true name of the original owner is unknown The walls of its selamlik men s room and haremlik women s room are completely covered with murals those in the men s room featuring images of Constantinople mosques and landscapes those in the women s room more domestic 11 The first Westerner writer to leave an account and drawing of Goreme was the French archaeologist Charles Texier who passed through in the 1830s 12 In a book based on his travels in 1837 Sir William Hamilton referred to the chapel of St Hieron and the so called Roma Kalesi Roman Castle in Goreme 13 The native Cappadocian Greek inhabitants relocated to Greece following the 1923 Population exchange Troglodytism edit The malleable nature of the rocks and cones in and around Goreme has meant that people have carved out cave homes here from at least the third century and probably from long before The earliest such homes were probably simple caves but by the 20th century most of the houses except those in single cones had stone rooms built in front of the caves for families to live in while the caves were relegated to stabling and storage The houses were designed to suit a place specific way of life with mangers for the animals cut from the rock along with presses used to tread grapes and later to make pekmez grape molasses Tandir ovens cut into the floors doubled as heating This was a way of life that continued right into the first decade of the 21st century but that came to an effective end as a result of a tourism book that saw almost all the old houses converted into boutique hotels by around 2015 14 Tourism edit Goreme was little visited by tourists until the 1970s but by 2000 had become the tourist capital of Cappadocia Tourism brought wealth and a better standard of living to the village but it has completely changed not just the use of the old cave buildings within the village which have almost all been converted into hotels but also the lives of the villagers almost all of whom now work in tourism 15 Many erstwhile residents have moved to live in the surrounding towns and villages Nevsehir Avanos Uchisar and Urgup having sold their houses in Goreme for conversion into hotels In the second decade of the 21st century an increasing number of hotels started to be built or bought by investors from outside Goreme Gallery edit nbsp Goreme Historical National Park nbsp The Karanlik Dark Church nbsp Goreme cafe owner making flatbread nbsp View of Goreme nbsp Goreme national park as seen from space nbsp The Karanlik Dark Church one of the finest frescoed churches within Goreme Open Air Museum nbsp Panoramic view of the Fairy Chimneys in Goreme National ParkSee also editChurches of Goreme Turkey Churches of the Ihlara Valley UrgupReferences edit a b Address based population registration system ADNKS results dated 31 December 2022 Favorite Reports XLS TUIK Retrieved 22 May 2023 Belde Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory Retrieved 22 May 2023 Demir Omer 1997 Cappadocia Cradle of History 16 Azim Matbaacilik p 70 However the longest working and living period was the century when underground cities in Cappadocia were dug by Christians who could not bear Arabic and Sassanid threat after Cappadocia was conquered It is clearly visible in some underground cities in Cappadocia that the rooms located near the entrance are profoundly different from those that are inside Saratli and Ozluce underground cities are given as an example regarding these differences a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Goreme goreme org Retrieved 30 August 2015 a b c Demir Omer 1997 Cappadocia Cradle of History 16 Azim Matbaacilik p 19 The Christians taking shelter in the valleys of Goreme because of Arab raids named this place gor emi meaning you cannot see this place The name was changed to Korama and then to Goreme With its very interesting fairy chimneys and the rock cut churches the valley of Avcilar 17 km from Nevsehir and 6 cm from Urgup attracts travellers attention St Paul considered Goreme to be more suitable for the training of missionaries There are about 400 churches in the vicinity of Goreme which was one of the most important centres of Christianity between the 6th and the 9th C including churches found in and around Zelve Mustafapasa Avcilar Uchisar Ortahisar and Cavusin a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link CAPPADOCIA HOT AIR BALLOONS THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY Journey Era 19 July 2019 Retrieved 18 August 2022 Demir Omer 1997 Cappadocia Cradle of History 16 Azim Matbaacilik p 15 History nature and mankind have created many important wonders in Cappadocia 1 The unique natural landscape include fairy chimneys rock formations and valleys 2 The rock hewn churches decorated with frescoes from the 6th 12th C of scenes from the Bible especially the lives of Jesus Mother Mary and saints a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Lynch Paul McIntosh Alison J Tucker Hazel 2 June 2009 Commercial Homes in Tourism An International Perspective Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 03028 6 Freely John 1998 The Western Interior of Turkey 1st ed Istanbul SEV p 314 ISBN 9758176226 John Holy Thirty Three Martyrs of Melitene Including Saint Hieron Retrieved 19 August 2022 GOREME KUCUK MEHMET KONAGI Mayis 2008 KAPADOKYA cappadociaexplorer com Retrieved 19 August 2022 Texier Charles 1837 Description de l Asie Mineure in French 1st ed Paris Hamilton William 1842 Researches in Asia Minor Pontus and Armenia 1st ed London Emge Andus Old Order in New Space Change in the Troglodytes Life in Capapdocia Researchgate Tucker Hazel 2003 Goreme Lives 1st ed London Routledge ISBN 9780203987674 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goreme nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Goreme Goreme Open Air Museum https www destinations com tr goreme open air museum Fairy Chimneys https www onenationtravel com things to do fairy chimneys in cappadocia NATIONAL PARKS Nevsehir Goreme National Park Kultur gov Turkey Republic of Turkey Archived from the original on 4 January 2005 World Heritage Centre World Heritage List Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia UNESCO org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Goreme amp oldid 1219079369, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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