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Gypsy family camp (Auschwitz)

January 01, 1970

The Gypsy family camp (German: Zigeunerfamilienlager) was Section B-IIe of the Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp, where Romani families deported to the camp were held together, instead of being separated as was typical at Auschwitz.[1]

History edit

On 10 December 1942, Heinrich Himmler issued an order to send all Romani (German: Zigeuner, "Gypsies") to concentration camps, including Auschwitz.[2] A separate camp was set up at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, classed as Section B-IIe and known as the Zigeunerfamilienlager ("Gypsy family camp"). The first transport of German Roma arrived on 26 February 1943, and was housed in Section B-IIe. Approximately 23,000 Roma had been brought to Auschwitz by 1944, of whom 20,000 died there.[3] One transport of 1,700 Polish Sinti and Roma were killed in the gas chambers upon arrival, as they were suspected to be ill with spotted fever.[4]

Roma and Sinti prisoners were used primarily for construction work.[4] Thousands died of typhus and noma due to overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, and malnutrition.[3] Anywhere from 1,400 to 3,000 prisoners were transferred to other concentration camps before the murder of the remaining population.[a]

On 2 August 1944, the SS cleared the Gypsy camp. A witness in another part of the camp later told of the inmates unsuccessfully battling the SS with improvised weapons before being loaded into trucks. The surviving population (estimated at 2,897 to 5,600) was then killed en masse in the gas chambers.[6][7] The murder of the Romani people by the Nazis during World War II is known in the Romani language as the Porajmos (devouring).[8]

One of the few survivors was Margarethe Kraus, who was subjected to medical experimentation and whose parents were murdered. She was subsequently moved to Ravensbruck.[9]

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zigeunerlager Auschwitz.
Notes
  1. ^ Steinbacher gives a figure of "about 3,000";[5] Rees states that 1,400 were transferred.[6]
Citations
  1. ^ Bauer 1998, p. 447.
  2. ^ Longerich 2012, p. 670.
  3. ^ a b Rees 2005, p. 248.
  4. ^ a b Steinbacher 2005, p. 110.
  5. ^ Steinbacher 2005, p. 111.
  6. ^ a b Rees 2005, p. 251.
  7. ^ Epstein 2015, p. 165.
  8. ^ Hancock 1997, p. 339.
  9. ^ Katz, Brigit. "London Library Spotlights Nazi Persecution of the Roma and Sinti". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
Bibliography

January 01, 1970
gypsy, family, camp, auschwitz, gypsy, family, camp, german, zigeunerfamilienlager, section, auschwitz, birkenau, concentration, camp, where, romani, families, deported, camp, were, held, together, instead, being, separated, typical, auschwitz, history, editon. The Gypsy family camp German Zigeunerfamilienlager was Section B IIe of the Auschwitz II Birkenau concentration camp where Romani families deported to the camp were held together instead of being separated as was typical at Auschwitz 1 History editOn 10 December 1942 Heinrich Himmler issued an order to send all Romani German Zigeuner Gypsies to concentration camps including Auschwitz 2 A separate camp was set up at Auschwitz II Birkenau classed as Section B IIe and known as the Zigeunerfamilienlager Gypsy family camp The first transport of German Roma arrived on 26 February 1943 and was housed in Section B IIe Approximately 23 000 Roma had been brought to Auschwitz by 1944 of whom 20 000 died there 3 One transport of 1 700 Polish Sinti and Roma were killed in the gas chambers upon arrival as they were suspected to be ill with spotted fever 4 Roma and Sinti prisoners were used primarily for construction work 4 Thousands died of typhus and noma due to overcrowding poor sanitary conditions and malnutrition 3 Anywhere from 1 400 to 3 000 prisoners were transferred to other concentration camps before the murder of the remaining population a On 2 August 1944 the SS cleared the Gypsy camp A witness in another part of the camp later told of the inmates unsuccessfully battling the SS with improvised weapons before being loaded into trucks The surviving population estimated at 2 897 to 5 600 was then killed en masse in the gas chambers 6 7 The murder of the Romani people by the Nazis during World War II is known in the Romani language as the Porajmos devouring 8 One of the few survivors was Margarethe Kraus who was subjected to medical experimentation and whose parents were murdered She was subsequently moved to Ravensbruck 9 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zigeunerlager Auschwitz Notes Steinbacher gives a figure of about 3 000 5 Rees states that 1 400 were transferred 6 Citations Bauer 1998 p 447 Longerich 2012 p 670 a b Rees 2005 p 248 a b Steinbacher 2005 p 110 Steinbacher 2005 p 111 a b Rees 2005 p 251 Epstein 2015 p 165 Hancock 1997 p 339 Katz Brigit London Library Spotlights Nazi Persecution of the Roma and Sinti Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved 2021 04 05 Bibliography Bauer Yehuda 1998 1994 Gypsies In Gutman Yisrael Berenbaum Michael eds Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp Bloomington Indiana University Press pp 441 455 Epstein Catherine 2015 Nazi Germany Confronting the Myths John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 29479 6 Hancock Ian 1997 A Glossary of Romani Terms American Journal of Comparative Law 45 2 329 344 doi 10 2307 840853 hdl 2152 31217 JSTOR 840853 Longerich Peter 2012 Heinrich Himmler A Life Oxford New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 959232 6 Rees Laurence 2005 Auschwitz A New History New York Public Affairs member of Perseus Books Group ISBN 1 58648 303 X Steinbacher Sybille 2005 2004 Auschwitz A History Munich Verlag C H Beck ISBN 0 06 082581 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gypsy family camp Auschwitz amp oldid 1222150848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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