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Gypsophila

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Gypsophila (disambiguation).
For the jazz band with a similar name, see Gypsophilia. For the bird genus in the Pellorneidae, see Gypsophila (bird).
"Baby's breath" redirects here. For another plant called pink baby's breath, see Talinum paniculatum.

Gypsophila (/dʒɪpˈsɒfɪlə/)[2][3] is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. They are native to Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.[4] Turkey has a particularly high diversity of Gypsophila taxa, with about 35 endemic species.[5] Some[6] Gypsophila are introduced species in other regions.[4]

Gypsophila
Gypsophila repens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Genus: Gypsophila
L.
Species

About 150

Synonyms[1]
List
    • Acosmia Benth. ex G.Don
    • Ankyropetalum Fenzl
    • Arrostia Raf.
    • Asophila Neck.
    • Banffya Baumg.
    • Bolbosaponaria Bondarenko
    • Dichoglottis Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
    • Gypsophytum Ehrh.
    • Hagenia Moench
    • Jordania Boiss.
    • Lanaria Adans.
    • Pseudosaponaria (F.N.Williams) Ikonn.
    • Rokejeka Forssk.
    • Vaccaria Wolf

The genus name is from the Greek gypsos ("gypsum") and philios ("loving"), a reference to the gypsum-rich substrates on which some species grow.[4] Plants of the genus are known commonly as baby's-breath, or bebe's breath,[4][7] a name which also refers specifically to the well known ornamental species Gypsophila paniculata.

Description edit

Gypsophila is one of the most heterogeneous and largest groups in the carnation tribe, Caryophylleae. The genus comprises approximately 150 species of annual or perennial herbaceous, creeping or cushion-forming plants, inhabiting primarily the mountainous steppes in the north temperate part of the Old World with a diversification hotspot in the Irano-Turanian region.[8] These species also show major variation in inflorescence type ranging from many-flowered lax thyrses or panicles (e.g., G. elegans M.Bieb., G. paniculata L., G. pilosa Huds.) to compact head-like cymes ( G. capitata M.Bieb., G. capituliflora Rupr., G. caricifolia Boiss.), and few-(uni-)flowered raceme-like monochasia (e.g., G. bazorganica Rech.f., G. saponarioides Bornm. & Gauba). Each small flower has a cup-like calyx of white-edged green sepals containing five petals in shades of white or pink. The fruit is a rounded or oval capsule opening at valves. It contains several brown or black seeds which are often shaped like a kidney or a snail shell.[4]

Uses edit

A few species are commercially cultivated for several uses, including floristry, herbal medicine, and food. The baby's-breath most commonly used in flower arrangements such as bouquets is the common gypsophila, G. paniculata.[9] G. elegans is also used as a cut flower.[10]

The genus is a source of saponins that can be used for many purposes, including the production of photographic film and hemolytic laboratory reagents. Their detergent qualities make them useful in soap and shampoo.[9]

G. rokejeka is used to make the dessert halva.[9] Species are also ingredients in liqueur, cheese, and ice cream, providing flavor, aroma, and crispness to foods.[11]

Several species are hyperaccumulators of boron, and may be planted to absorb the element from polluted soils.[11]

Ecology edit

Some species are known as weeds, including the "aggressive ornamental" G. paniculata, which invades habitat and competes with native flora.[12]

The plant Çöven, G. simonii is widely distributed throughout Çankırı, where it is a native species, and Turkey. In this study, chemical and physical properties of unripe saponins obtained by extraction from the roots of G. simonii, an endemic plant, were isolated and investigated. Purified aglycones recovered from acid hydrolysis of the saponins were separated by reversed chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of terpenoids in the crude extracts.[13][14]

Selected species edit

There are about 150 species in the genus.[4][15]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Gypsophila species.
 
Gypsophila aretioides
Stereo image
Left frame 
 
Right frame 
 
Parallel view ( )
 
Cross-eye view ( )
 
 
Gypsophila sp. seeds

Species include:

Gypsophila muralis (annual gypsophila, cushion baby's-breath, low baby's-breath) is now placed in the genus Psammophiliella.[16]

References edit

  1. ^ "Gypsophila L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ^ Gypsophila at USDA PLANTS Database
  4. ^ a b c d e f Gypsophila. Flora of North America.
  5. ^ Korkmaz, M., et al. (2012). Habitat properties of some Gypsophila L. (Caryophyllaceae) taxa of Turkey. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (BİBAD) 5(2), 111-25.
  6. ^ גיבסנית, זר פרחים. "גיבסנית". אלה פרחים.
  7. ^ Gypsophila. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
  8. ^ Madhani, Hossein; Rabeler, Richard; Pirani, Atefeh; Oxelman, Bengt; Heubl, Guenther; Zarre, Shahin (2018). "Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries" (PDF). Taxon. 67 (1): 83–112. doi:10.12705/671.6. hdl:2027.42/146908. ISSN 1996-8175.
  9. ^ a b c Henry, M. Gypsophila paniculata L. (baby's breath): in vitro culture and the production of gypsogenin saponins. In: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (pp. 187-206). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1993.
  10. ^ Gypsophila elegans. 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine Landscape Horticulture. American University of Beirut.
  11. ^ a b Korkmaz, M., et al. Economic importance and using purposes of Gypsophila L. and Ankyropetalum Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) of Türkiye. 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine In: 2nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, June 8–9, 2010, Sarajevo.
  12. ^ Baby's Breath (Gypsophila paniculata). Plant Health & Pest Management, Ministry of Agriculture, British Columbia.
  13. ^ Yücekutlu, A. Nihal (2000). Çöven (Gypsophila simonii Hub. Mor) Kökünden Saponin Saflaştırılması, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 64s. Ankara.
  14. ^ Yücekutlu, A. Nihal and Bildacı, Işık (2008). "Determination of Plant Saponins and Some of Gypsophila Species. A Review of the Literature". Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 36(2), 129-135.
  15. ^ Gypsophila. The Plant List.
  16. ^ "Psammophiliella Ikonn". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-02-09.

January 01, 1970
gypsophila, other, uses, disambiguation, jazz, band, with, similar, name, gypsophilia, bird, genus, pellorneidae, bird, baby, breath, redirects, here, another, plant, called, pink, baby, breath, talinum, paniculatum, genus, flowering, plants, carnation, family. For other uses see Gypsophila disambiguation For the jazz band with a similar name see Gypsophilia For the bird genus in the Pellorneidae see Gypsophila bird Baby s breath redirects here For another plant called pink baby s breath see Talinum paniculatum Gypsophila dʒ ɪ p ˈ s ɒ f ɪ l e 2 3 is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family Caryophyllaceae They are native to Eurasia Africa Australia and the Pacific Islands 4 Turkey has a particularly high diversity of Gypsophila taxa with about 35 endemic species 5 Some 6 Gypsophila are introduced species in other regions 4 Gypsophila Gypsophila repens Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Order Caryophyllales Family Caryophyllaceae Genus GypsophilaL Species About 150 Synonyms 1 List Acosmia Benth ex G Don Ankyropetalum Fenzl Arrostia Raf Asophila Neck Banffya Baumg Bolbosaponaria Bondarenko Dichoglottis Fisch amp C A Mey Gypsophytum Ehrh Hagenia Moench Jordania Boiss Lanaria Adans Pseudosaponaria F N Williams Ikonn Rokejeka Forssk Vaccaria Wolf The genus name is from the Greek gypsos gypsum and philios loving a reference to the gypsum rich substrates on which some species grow 4 Plants of the genus are known commonly as baby s breath or bebe s breath 4 7 a name which also refers specifically to the well known ornamental species Gypsophila paniculata Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 3 Ecology 4 Selected species 5 ReferencesDescription editGypsophila is one of the most heterogeneous and largest groups in the carnation tribe Caryophylleae The genus comprises approximately 150 species of annual or perennial herbaceous creeping or cushion forming plants inhabiting primarily the mountainous steppes in the north temperate part of the Old World with a diversification hotspot in the Irano Turanian region 8 These species also show major variation in inflorescence type ranging from many flowered lax thyrses or panicles e g G elegans M Bieb G paniculata L G pilosa Huds to compact head like cymes G capitata M Bieb G capituliflora Rupr G caricifolia Boiss and few uni flowered raceme like monochasia e g G bazorganica Rech f G saponarioides Bornm amp Gauba Each small flower has a cup like calyx of white edged green sepals containing five petals in shades of white or pink The fruit is a rounded or oval capsule opening at valves It contains several brown or black seeds which are often shaped like a kidney or a snail shell 4 Uses editA few species are commercially cultivated for several uses including floristry herbal medicine and food The baby s breath most commonly used in flower arrangements such as bouquets is the common gypsophila G paniculata 9 G elegans is also used as a cut flower 10 The genus is a source of saponins that can be used for many purposes including the production of photographic film and hemolytic laboratory reagents Their detergent qualities make them useful in soap and shampoo 9 G rokejeka is used to make the dessert halva 9 Species are also ingredients in liqueur cheese and ice cream providing flavor aroma and crispness to foods 11 Several species are hyperaccumulators of boron and may be planted to absorb the element from polluted soils 11 Ecology editSome species are known as weeds including the aggressive ornamental G paniculata which invades habitat and competes with native flora 12 The plant Coven G simonii is widely distributed throughout Cankiri where it is a native species and Turkey In this study chemical and physical properties of unripe saponins obtained by extraction from the roots of G simonii an endemic plant were isolated and investigated Purified aglycones recovered from acid hydrolysis of the saponins were separated by reversed chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel Phytochemical tests showed the presence of terpenoids in the crude extracts 13 14 Selected species editThere are about 150 species in the genus 4 15 For a more comprehensive list see List of Gypsophila species nbsp Gypsophila aretioides Stereo imageLeft frame nbsp Right frame nbsp Parallel view nbsp nbsp Cross eye view nbsp nbsp nbsp Gypsophila sp seeds Species include Gypsophila acutifolia sharpleaf baby s breath Gypsophila arrostii Arrost s baby s breath Gypsophila elegans showy baby s breath Gypsophila fastigiata fastigiate gypsophila Gypsophila litwinowii Gypsophila nana dwarf gypsophila Gypsophila oldhamiana Manchurian baby s breath Oldham s baby s breath Gypsophila paniculata baby s breath common gypsophila panicled baby s breath Gypsophila perfoliata perfoliate gypsophila Gypsophila petraea Gypsophila pilosa Turkish baby s breath Gypsophila repens alpine gypsophila creeping baby s breath Gypsophila scorzonerifolia glandular baby s breath garden baby s breath Gypsophila spinosa Gypsophila stevenii Steven s baby s breath Gypsophila muralis annual gypsophila cushion baby s breath low baby s breath is now placed in the genus Psammophiliella 16 References edit Gypsophila L Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 7 April 2022 Sunset Western Garden Book 1995 606 607 Gypsophila at USDA PLANTS Database a b c d e f Gypsophila Flora of North America Korkmaz M et al 2012 Habitat properties of some Gypsophila L Caryophyllaceae taxa of Turkey Biyoloji Bilimleri Arastirma Dergisi BIBAD 5 2 111 25 גיבסנית זר פרחים גיבסנית אלה פרחים Gypsophila Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS Madhani Hossein Rabeler Richard Pirani Atefeh Oxelman Bengt Heubl Guenther Zarre Shahin 2018 Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae Caryophyllaceae with special focus on generic boundaries PDF Taxon 67 1 83 112 doi 10 12705 671 6 hdl 2027 42 146908 ISSN 1996 8175 a b c Henry M Gypsophila paniculata L baby s breath in vitro culture and the production of gypsogenin saponins In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV pp 187 206 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Gypsophila elegans Archived 2013 10 29 at the Wayback Machine Landscape Horticulture American University of Beirut a b Korkmaz M et al Economic importance and using purposes of Gypsophila L and Ankyropetalum Fenzl Caryophyllaceae of Turkiye Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine In 2nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development June 8 9 2010 Sarajevo Baby s Breath Gypsophila paniculata Plant Health amp Pest Management Ministry of Agriculture British Columbia Yucekutlu A Nihal 2000 Coven Gypsophila simonii Hub Mor Kokunden Saponin Saflastirilmasi Gazi Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu Kimya Yuksek Lisans Tezi 64s Ankara Yucekutlu A Nihal and Bildaci Isik 2008 Determination of Plant Saponins and Some of Gypsophila Species A Review of the Literature Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 36 2 129 135 Gypsophila The Plant List Psammophiliella Ikonn Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2020 02 09 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gypsophila amp oldid 1192903711, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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