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Gynerium

January 01, 1970

Gynerium is a monotypic genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family, native to Mexico and Colombia, Central America, South America, and the West Indies.[3][4] It is classified in its own tribe Gynerieae.[5]

Gynerium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Clade: PACMAD clade
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Gynerieae
Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark (2001)
Genus: Gynerium
Willd. ex P. Beauv. 1812 not Bonpl. 1813[1]
Species:
G. sagittatum
Binomial name
Gynerium sagittatum
Synonyms[2]
  • Saccharum sagittatum Aubl.
  • Arundo sagittata (Aubl.) Pers.
  • Arundo rugii Molina
  • Gynerium procerum P.Beauv.
  • Gynerium saccharoides Humb. & Bonpl.
  • Arundo saccharoides (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir.
  • Cynodon gynerium Raspail
  • Gynerium parviflorum Nees
  • Arundo fastuosa Willd. ex Steud.
  • Aira gigantea Steud.
  • Gynerium levyi E.Fourn.

The sole species in the genus is Gynerium sagittatum, a tall grass that grows up to six metres (twenty feet) high. It is a very vigorous species that grows into a considerably dense mass of vegetation. The species is known as "cana-do-rio", "cana-flecha", "cana-frecha", "ubá" and "cana-brava" in Brazil, "caña brava" in Peru and Colombia, "chuchío" in eastern Bolivia, and "tañil" in Guatemala and other Spanish speaking countries. It is known in English as "wildcane"[6] or "wild cane", while "arrow cane" is less common (sagitta is Latin for arrow).

Description edit

The stems are straight and erect, the lower part is covered with "vainas" from the fallen leaves, while in the middle part the leaves are arranged in fan shaped groups. The upper part, round and thin, stiff on the outside and soft on the inside, develops a large bloom at the top.

There are many varieties in the plant's stems. The bark zone, which is the main factor in the unusual height, functions as a water distribution system, transporting water from the underground roots to the superior part of the plant including the leaves. This vital function occurs at any season of the year.

Ecology edit

Being one of the first plants to colonise open areas, G. sagittatum is an important pioneer species that reaches new sites via wind-distributed seeds. Once established, it spreads vegetatively, and is found usually near rivers and lakes, and even beaches.

Uses edit

  • In Colombia its straw is used to create different accessories including the traditional sombrero vueltiao, symbol of Colombia.
  • In Brazil, the lower and middle parts are used in cheap or improvised fences, and in cheap trellises for climbing plants and cultivation of tomato. The upper part, with the bloom at the top, is sometimes used in decoration. The more homogeneous section of the upper part is used to make arrows and birds cages.

Diversity edit

Species[2]

The only known species is Gynerium sagittatum, widespread from northern Mexico to Paraguay.[7][8][9][10]

Varieties[2]

Three varieties are recognized:

  • Gynerium sagittatum var. glabrum Renvoize & Kalliola - Bolivia
  • Gynerium sagittatum var. sagittatum - from northern Mexico to Paraguay
  • Gynerium sagittatum var. subandinum Renvoize & Kalliola - Bolivia
formerly included[2]

see Austroderia Cortaderia Chusquea

References edit

  1. ^ Tropicos, search for Gynerium
  2. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von ex Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 138-139 description in Latin, commentary in French
  4. ^ Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von ex Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XXIV (24), figure VI (6 a-d) line drawings of Gynerium sagittatum; figure captions on caption page 16
  5. ^ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. hdl:11336/25248. ISSN 1674-4918. S2CID 84052108.  
  6. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Gynerium sagittatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  7. ^ Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown
  8. ^ Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
  9. ^ Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela
  10. ^ Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  •   Media related to Gynerium at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
gynerium, monotypic, genus, neotropical, plants, grass, family, native, mexico, colombia, central, america, south, america, west, indies, classified, tribe, gynerieae, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperms, clad. Gynerium is a monotypic genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family native to Mexico and Colombia Central America South America and the West Indies 3 4 It is classified in its own tribe Gynerieae 5 Gynerium Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Poales Family Poaceae Clade PACMAD clade Subfamily Panicoideae Tribe GynerieaeSanchez Ken amp L G Clark 2001 Genus GyneriumWilld ex P Beauv 1812 not Bonpl 1813 1 Species G sagittatum Binomial name Gynerium sagittatum Aubl P Beauv Synonyms 2 Saccharum sagittatum Aubl Arundo sagittata Aubl Pers Arundo rugii Molina Gynerium procerum P Beauv Gynerium saccharoides Humb amp Bonpl Arundo saccharoides Humb amp Bonpl Poir Cynodon gynerium Raspail Gynerium parviflorum Nees Arundo fastuosa Willd ex Steud Aira gigantea Steud Gynerium levyi E Fourn The sole species in the genus is Gynerium sagittatum a tall grass that grows up to six metres twenty feet high It is a very vigorous species that grows into a considerably dense mass of vegetation The species is known as cana do rio cana flecha cana frecha uba and cana brava in Brazil cana brava in Peru and Colombia chuchio in eastern Bolivia and tanil in Guatemala and other Spanish speaking countries It is known in English as wildcane 6 or wild cane while arrow cane is less common sagitta is Latin for arrow Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Uses 4 Diversity 5 ReferencesDescription editThe stems are straight and erect the lower part is covered with vainas from the fallen leaves while in the middle part the leaves are arranged in fan shaped groups The upper part round and thin stiff on the outside and soft on the inside develops a large bloom at the top There are many varieties in the plant s stems The bark zone which is the main factor in the unusual height functions as a water distribution system transporting water from the underground roots to the superior part of the plant including the leaves This vital function occurs at any season of the year Ecology editBeing one of the first plants to colonise open areas G sagittatum is an important pioneer species that reaches new sites via wind distributed seeds Once established it spreads vegetatively and is found usually near rivers and lakes and even beaches Uses editIn Colombia its straw is used to create different accessories including the traditional sombrero vueltiao symbol of Colombia In Brazil the lower and middle parts are used in cheap or improvised fences and in cheap trellises for climbing plants and cultivation of tomato The upper part with the bloom at the top is sometimes used in decoration The more homogeneous section of the upper part is used to make arrows and birds cages Diversity editSpecies 2 The only known species is Gynerium sagittatum widespread from northern Mexico to Paraguay 7 8 9 10 Varieties 2 Three varieties are recognized Gynerium sagittatum var glabrum Renvoize amp Kalliola Bolivia Gynerium sagittatum var sagittatum from northern Mexico to Paraguay Gynerium sagittatum var subandinum Renvoize amp Kalliola Bolivia formerly included 2 see Austroderia Cortaderia Chusquea Gynerium argenteum Cortaderia selloana Gynerium atacamense Cortaderia atacamensis Gynerium columbianum Cortaderia columbiana Gynerium dioicum Cortaderia selloana Gynerium elegans Cortaderia selloana Gynerium jubatum Cortaderia jubata Gynerium modestum Cortaderia modesta Gynerium nanum Cortaderia pilosa Gynerium neesii Cortaderia jubata Gynerium nitidum Cortaderia nitida Gynerium pilosum Cortaderia pilosa Gynerium purpureum Cortaderia selloana Gynerium pygmaeum Cortaderia jubata Gynerium quila Chusquea quila Gynerium ramosum Cortaderia modesta Gynerium rudiusculum Cortaderia rudiuscula Gynerium speciosum Cortaderia speciosa Gynerium zeelandicum Austroderia richardiiReferences edit Tropicos search for Gynerium a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Willdenow Carl Ludwig von ex Palisot de Beauvois Ambroise Marie Francois Joseph 1812 Essai d une Nouvelle Agrostographie 138 139 description in Latin commentary in French Willdenow Carl Ludwig von ex Palisot de Beauvois Ambroise Marie Francois Joseph 1812 Essai d une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XXIV 24 figure VI 6 a d line drawings of Gynerium sagittatum figure captions on caption page 16 Soreng Robert J Peterson Paul M Romschenko Konstantin Davidse Gerrit Zuloaga Fernando O Judziewicz Emmet J Filgueiras Tarciso S Davis Jerrold I Morrone Osvaldo 2015 A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae Gramineae Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53 2 117 137 doi 10 1111 jse 12150 hdl 11336 25248 ISSN 1674 4918 S2CID 84052108 nbsp USDA NRCS n d Gynerium sagittatum The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 9 May 2015 Boggan J Funck V amp Kelloff C 1997 Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas Guyana Surinam Franch Guiana ed 2 1 238 University of Guyana Georgetown Nelson Sutherland C H 2008 Catalogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras Espermatofitas 1 1576 SERNA Guaymuras Tegucigalpa Honduras Hokche O Berry P E amp Huber O eds 2008 Nuevo Catalogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela 1 859 Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela Giraldo Canas D 2011 Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia Darwiniana 49 139 247 nbsp Media related to Gynerium at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gynerium amp oldid 1170079150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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