2015 Greek bailout referendum

A referendum to decide whether Greece should accept the bailout conditions in the country's government-debt crisis proposed jointly by the European Commission (EC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB) on 25 June 2015 took place on 5 July 2015.^[1] The referendum was announced by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras in the early morning of 27 June 2015 and ratified the following day by the Parliament and the President. It was the first referendum to be held since the republic referendum of 1974 and the only one in modern Greek history not to concern the form of government.

2015 Greek bailout referendum

5 July 2015
Should the agreement plan submitted by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund to the Eurogroup of 25 June 2015, and comprised of two parts which make up their joint proposal, be accepted? The first document is titled "Reforms For The Completion Of The Current Program And Beyond" and the second "Preliminary Debt Sustainability Analysis."
Outcome	Tsipras government agrees to the bailout agreement with European authorities against the referendum results Finance minister Yanis Varoufakis resigns
Results
Choice Votes % Yes 2,245,537 38.69% No 3,558,450 61.31% Valid votes 5,803,987 94.20% Invalid or blank votes 357,153 5.80% Total votes 6,161,140 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 9,858,508 62.5%
Results by regional units   >50–55% No   >55–60% No   >60–65% No   >65–70% No   >70–75% No
Official website Official referendum announcements (in Greek) The unified proposal (in Greek) Voting ballot (in Greek)

As a result of the referendum, the bailout conditions were rejected by a majority of over 61% to 39%, with the "No" vote winning in all of Greece's regions. The referendum results also forced the immediate resignation of New Democracy leader Antonis Samaras as party president because of the perceived negative result of the "Yes" choice, to which the conservative party and Samaras had committed themselves.^[2] Although winning the referendum, Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis also resigned and was replaced on 6 July by Euclid Tsakalotos.

Despite the result of the referendum, the government of Tsipras reached an agreement on 13 July 2015 with the European authorities for a three-year-bailout with even harsher austerity conditions than the ones already rejected by voters. This represented a "drastic turnaround" for Prime Minister Tsipras' position,^[3] as he had been elected in an anti-austerity platform. Former Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis characterised the harshness of the deal as a new Treaty of Versailles and "Greece's Terms of Surrender".^[4] In July and August, Tsipras was able to get the new austerity packages and the entire bailout agreement approved by the Parliament, but had to rely on the pro-European Union opposition parties as around 40 MPs of the major ruling party abstained or voted against the measures.^[5][6] This triggered the September 2015 snap election, where Tsipras was re-elected, albeit with an historical low turnout. The second Tsipras government was marked by an intense austerity policy in the context of the third bailout to Greece.

Greece officially exited from the bailout programs in August 2018 (three years after the referendum) and the Tsipras government announced some social cohesion measures such as increases in pensions and aid packages for low-income groups.^[7] The economy has also seen growth, albeit at a slow pace.^[8] However, these developments have not diminished criticism levelled at the Syriza government for its U-turn and the huge economic and social cost of austerity policies it imposed.

Background

The referendum was announced by Tsipras in the early morning of 27 June 2015.^[1] No prior notice of the decision was given to the Eurogroup.^[9] In the early hours of 28 June 2015, Parliament voted on whether or not the government's proposed bailout referendum should be held, with 178 MPs (Syriza, ANEL and Golden Dawn) for, 120 MPs (all other parties) against and two MPs abstaining.^[10]

Referendum question

 

Ballot paper used in the referendum (ΟΧΙ = No, ΝΑΙ = Yes)

Voters were asked whether they approve of the proposal made to Greece by the Juncker Commission, the IMF and the ECB during the Eurogroup meeting on 25 June. This proposal with a list of 10 prior action items 28 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine^[11] was published by the commission, but withdrawn when negotiations were abandoned shortly after.

The Greek government thus asked to vote on two previous documents, titled "" and ".".^[12] The possible answers were stated as "Not approved/No" and "Approved/Yes".^[13][14]

Legality concerns

Evangelos Venizelos from PASOK party, as well as To Potami and New Democracy parties, said that the proposed referendum would be unconstitutional, as the constitution does not allow for referendums on fiscal matters.^[15] Article 44, section 2 provides for two referendum procedures, one for 'crucial national matters' (first clause) and a second for Bills passed by Parliament regulating important social matters, except for the fiscal ones' (second clause).^[16] The Syriza-led government argued the referendum was in accordance with the first clause, and therefore not unconstitutional.^[13]

The Athens Bar Association (DPS), which is the largest legal association in Greece, raised a range of concerns about whether the referendum law approved by the Hellenic Parliament and President of Greece was legal. They said the call of referendum and the referendum question itself, featured "significant problems on the validity and meaning of voting "yes"/"no" in that referendum", in a situation where the result of such referendum could have major importance for the future of Greece. Procedural guarantees for calling referendums provided for by law 4023/2011, as well as Constitutional requirements (Article 44, sections 2 and 3) regarding which issues could be put to a referendum, were assessed not to have been met.^[17]

On 1 July, Bloomberg reported they had found a translation mistake in the Greek version of the "Preliminary Debt Sustainability Analysis" part of the Institutions "unified proposal" being put to referendum. In this part there were three debt sustainability scenarios, and under the first two the original English document concludes that "this gross financing need metric points to no sustainability issues"^[18] (Bloomberg's wording for the conclusion was "that there are no sustainability issues") when the country's financing needs are taken into account, while the official Greek translation published to Greek voters and sent to reporters on 29 June, was missing the word "no", so that the Greek text reads "there are sustainability issues".^[19] This finding stressed the importance of the second concern raised by DPS, about the referendum putting "a pair of uncertified documents" to a vote, instead of what the law required, "a pair of certified translated documents approved by the initial issuer of the documents".^{[citation needed]}

Court ruling

Greece's top administrative court, the Council of State, ruled on the legality of the referendum two days before it was due to be held against a claim that was submitted by private individuals and argued that the referendum could be violating the country's constitution by posing a question regarding "public finances".^[20] The court's decision was that the referendum was within the jurisdiction of the government and that the court had no authority on the issue, thus rejecting the claim.^[21]

Reception

European Commission

The President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, said on 29 June during a press conference on Greece that "the momentum [for finding an agreement] was destroyed unilaterally by the announcement of a referendum and by the decision to mount a 'no' campaign to reject this agreement".^[22]

The European Commission further objected to the timing of the referendum, stressing it should have been held to allow sufficient time before 30 June 2015 deadline when the "20 February 2015 offer ratified by other national parliaments"—in which Greece had been offered the prospect of completing and extending its existing bailout agreement by a new (yet to be mutually agreed) set of renegotiated terms—expired.^{[citation needed]} The commission also objected to the approach of not choosing a referendum question reflecting the entire dimensions of the comprehensive bailout offer, which was not only about implementation of a "reform programme", but also included a €35bn investment package which it said would spur job creation along with economic growth, and included a guarantee for debt relief according to a renewal of the "November 2012 debt relief statement".^{[citation needed]} This would ensure—conditional on the completion of the second bailout programme under its new renegotiated terms—automatic debt relief, to the extent that the Greek debt-to-GDP ratio would be reduced to levels below 124% in 2020 and 110% in 2022.^[22]

The European Commission also found it strange and inappropriate, that the Greek government asked for voters' opinion on the "Institution's 25 June compromise proposal" rather than the latest "Institution's 26 June compromise proposal".^[22] It said the latest "26 June compromise proposal"^[23] differed from the "25 June version" on several points (meeting objections tabled by the Greek government), of which one of the most significant was that the VAT rate for hotels had been reduced from 23% to 13%.^[22]

The European Commission claimed that neither of the Institution's proposals, contrary to claims by the Greek government, had contained "excessive austerity", public wage cuts or pension cuts. Instead they had lowered their demand for a public budget primary surplus from the previously required 4.5%—now to be 1% in 2015 followed by a gradual increase to a level of 3.5% for 2018 and beyond—saving Greece from implementing €12bn of extra austerity measures.^{[citation needed]} Their request for a "wage reform", it said, was about conducting an ILO approved review and update of the current collective bargaining rights in the private sector (not removal of collective bargaining rights)—and implementation of a new approved wage scheme in which public workers were paid in future according to qualifications and performance (instead of clientele deals). Their "pension reform", it said, was calling for the cancellation of incentives for early retirement, along with moving to a system in which all people in Greece received pensions on the same terms (not treating some sectors more beneficially than others).^{[citation needed]}

The claim by Juncker that there were no pension cuts in the proposal raised eyebrows, with Financial Times journalist Peter Spiegel tweeting that it was "simply not true".^[24]

Other important elements of the proposals, the European Commission said, were: to implement a more efficient and independent Tax Collection Authority, opening up closed professions to competition (i.e. so that the Greek price for electricity—which is currently the most expensive in EU—would decline), and to implement a string of measures to ensure more social fairness (guaranteed minimum income scheme, making tax payments more proportionate to income, targeting extra saving cuts in public spending on areas with no adverse impact for average citizens—i.e. increased defense cuts, removing socially unjust favorable tax treatments of ship-owners, fighting corruption in which the focus should be "big fish" rather than "ordinary people", and safeguarding a lasting social fairness by supporting more transparency and efficiency in public administration—in particularly through establishment of a new politically independent tax administration).^[22]

Further, the European Commission signaled that the referendum question, to which they would recommend a "Yes", from its viewpoint should be understood as whether or not Greece wanted to remain part of Europe and the Eurozone, which at the present state included acceptance of receiving conditional bailout help on a set of mutually negotiated and agreed terms. The Commission claimed the biggest impediment to jobs, growth and investment at the moment in Greece, was not the contents of the Institution's bailout proposals, but instead a paralyzing uncertainty caused by the Greek government's decision to cut itself off from continued bailout support and a moratorium on implementing structural reforms. According to the commission, this uncertainty and standstill could only be removed if Greece at the negotiating table agreed on one of the latest compromise proposals which the Institutions had tabled after accommodating a range of objections and requests tabled by the Greek government. They claimed the confidence effect of voting "Yes" to the settlement of such a deal, the predictability it would bring, together with the injection of liquidity into the economy from disbursements, would restore job creation and growth to the benefit of Greece.^[22]

Council of Europe

The Council of Europe stated that the Greek referendum does not meet European standards, as voters were not given a two-week period to make up their minds, as non-binding guidelines recommend. Due to the hasty schedule, the Council of Europe was not able to send election observers and the Greek government had not requested them either.^[25] However the head of the Greek delegation and vice president of the council's parliamentary assembly, Dimitris Vitsas, denied that there was any decision made by the Council of Europe and said that it was only a personal opinion expressed by the council's general secretary, Thorbjørn Jagland,^[26] with Tiny Kox, the head of the Left wing in the council's assembly supporting the same view and asking the general secretary to clarify his previous announcement.^[27][28]

United Nations independent experts

The United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order and on human rights and international law, Alfred de Zayas and Virginia Dandan respectively, welcomed the Greek referendum and called for international solidarity, while expressing disappointment that the IMF and the EU have failed to reach a non-austerity based solution yet, and supporting that no treaty or loan agreement can force a country to violate the civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights of its population, nor can a loan agreement negate the sovereignty of a State.^[29]

Campaigns

 

3 July 2015: Demonstration for voting NO in front of the Greek parliament, Syntagma Square, Athens.

 

A "No" campaigner outside the Greek parliament building on 29 June 2015, holding a sign reading ΟΧΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΞΟΝΤΩΣΗ ("no to annihilation").

Positions on implications of the referendum

Main article: Endorsements in the Greek bailout referendum, 2015

There has been substantial disagreement between campaigns on the implications of the referendum, and the public has interpreted it in a variety of ways.^[30] Tsipras has argued that a "No" vote would represent a rejection of the austerity terms demanded by the creditors, and strengthen the Greek negotiating position. Tsipras declared "On Sunday, we are not simply deciding to remain in Europe – we are deciding to live with dignity in Europe".^[31] Tsipras has repeatedly rejected Greek and international warnings that a "No" vote would be perceived by Greek's main creditors as a "No" to reforms in Greece, and a "No" to remaining in the Eurozone.^[32][33] Advocates of a "Yes" vote, among them a grassroot movement entitled Menoume Europi (Stay in Europe) have cast the referendum as a decision on Greece remaining in the eurozone, and perhaps even the European Union.^[34]

Many international leaders as well as mainstream economists and media warned that if the "No" vote leads to a failure to secure continued bailout support for Greece in due time, this would likely lead to a broader Greek sovereign default, a haircut on Greek bank deposits, a collapse of the banking sector, followed by an aggravated depression of the Greek economy, and a Greek exit from the euro area.^[35][36] A new local currency to replace the euro would be strongly devalued, which would decrease the purchasing power for Greeks and lead to inflation.^[37][38][39]

Eurogroup president Jeroen Dijsselbloem said that "in case of a 'No', Greece's (financial) situation will become exceptionally difficult... The economic problems will be even bigger and an aid programme more difficult to implement".^[40] European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker said Greece's negotiating position would be "dramatically weakened" if a 'No' won. Other European leaders have also criticized the Greek government's representation of the referendum options, with EU leaders saying that they would see a "No" vote as a rejection of Europe.^[40][41][42]

Public opinion strongly favours keeping the euro.^[43] Of all the political parties which won seats in the parliamentary election in May, only the Communist KKE expressed support for leaving the euro, and indeed for leaving the European Union.^{[44][unreliable source?]}

A majority of European leaders,^[45] and the US President Obama have expressed the opinion that Greece should remain in the monetary union.^[46] An opposite view comes from the UK Prime Minister David Cameron who mentioned, according to a leaked note, that it "might be better" for Greece to leave the euro in order to sort its economy out, even though Cameron conceded that there were major risks in that, too.^[47]

Greek organisations

Reception by professional/societal associations in Greece:

• Technical Chamber of Greece (TCG): Had called a steering committee meeting for approval of a "Yes" recommendation statement, but had to abort their meeting when evidently a group of radical Syriza supporters (not members of the organisation) had hijacked their meeting. The TCG president said: "It is assumed that the referendum is paramount democratic choice of the people. But how is democracy strengthened when people, who obviously support the opinion of SYRIZA, come and threaten our Steering Committee not to make a decision to communicate the opinion of our association in important matters?"^[48]
• Athens Bar Association (DPS): DPS recommend a "Yes" vote to stay in Europe. The DPS statement said: "If the referendum ultimately, as has been said and implied, is really about "Yes" or "No" to the European Union, then the answer can not be other than "Yes". Yes to our creative participation in the EU."^[48]
• Panhellenic Federation of Teaching and Research Staff (POSDEP): Recommended a "Yes" vote.^[48]
• The Central Union of Greek Municipalities (KEDE): Recommended a "Yes" vote.^[48]
• Greece Regions Union: Recommended a "Yes" vote.^[48]

Positions on the vote itself (Yes/No)

 

Banner in Patmos

In his initial address, when prime minister Tsipras of the ruling Syriza party announced the plebiscite on 5 July, he recommended a "No" vote to the Greek people.^[49] Most other Syriza members also supported a "No" vote.^{[citation needed]}

ANEL, the other ruling party in coalition with Syriza, announced that they were campaigning for a "No" vote.^[50] The far-right Golden Dawn party, not being in the government, also called for a "No" vote.^[51]

Political parties

Parties attended the 2015 Greek bailout referendum
Choice	Party			Leader	Political orientation
Y Yes		ND	New Democracy	Antonis Samaras	Centre-right
		PASOK	Panhellenic Socialist Movement	Fofi Gennimata	Centre-left
		To Potami	To Potami	Stavros Theodorakis	Centrism
N No		SYRIZA	Coalition of the Radical Left	Alexis Tsipras	Left-wing
		ANEL	Independent Greeks	Panos Kammenos	Right-wing
		XA	Golden Dawn	Nikolaos Michaloliakos	Far-right
– Write-in		KKE	Communist Party of Greece	Dimitris Koutsoumpas	Far-Left

KKE declared it was against both of the latest two versions of the cash-for-reform counter proposals being submitted to the negotiation table between Greece and its public creditors (the counter proposal of the Greek government, and the latest compromise counter proposal of the institutions), and said that it would try to change the question of the referendum, so that people can vote not only against the latest compromise counter-proposal of the Institutions but also against the latest counter-proposal of the Greek government.^[52]

Newspapers

Choice	Newspapers	Political and cultural orientation
Y Yes	Kathimerini^[53]	Conservatism
	Ethnos	Centrism
	Vradyni	Conservatism
	Ta Nea/To Vima	Social Liberalism
	Eleftheros Typos	Conservatism
	Makedonia^[54]	Centrism
	Proto Thema	Conservatism
N No	Efimerida ton Syntakton	Democratic Socialism
	Prin	Anti-Capitalism^[55]
	Kontra news	Left-wing populism
	I Avgi	Democratic Socialism^[56]
Neutral/Undeclared	Real News	Centrism
	Dimokratia	Right-wing Populism
	Rizospastis	Communism^[57]

Keynesian economists like James K. Galbraith^[58] and Thomas Piketty,^[59] along with Nobel prize in Economics recipients Paul Krugman^[60] and Joseph Stiglitz,^[61] individually expressed their support for the "No" vote on the referendum, arguing that the current austerity programme is a bad option from an economic point of view.

Opinion polls

According to opinion polls, since the imposition of capital controls in Greece as a result of the ECB's decision not to enlarge its Emergency Liquidity Assistance programme in Greece, there was a trend from a clear No-vote majority to a head-to-head race, or even a slight advantage for the Yes-vote, to accept the proposed bailout terms (as of 3 July 2015).^[62][63]

Poll results listed in the table below are in reverse chronological order and use the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If that date is unknown, the date of publication is given. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading option's colour. In the instance of a tie no figure is shaded.

After the referendum announcement

Between the options of YES and NO on the institutions proposal,
which one would you choose?

Date	Polling Firm/Source	Total					Considering only Yes/No vote
		YYes	NNo	Don't know/ None	Lead		YYes	NNo	Lead
5 Jul 2015	Referendum	38.7	61.3	—	22.6		38.7	61.3	22.6
5 Jul							48.5	51.5	3.0
5 Jul	Marc						48.0	52.0	4.0
5 Jul	Metron Analysis	46.0	49.0	5.0	3.0		48.0	52.0	4.0
4–5 Jul	GPO	46.0	48.5	5.5	2.5		48.5	51.5	3.0
4 Jul	Metron Analysis	46.0	50.0	4.0	4.0		48.0	52.0	4.0
3 Jul	Metron Analysis	44.0	48.0	8.0	4.0		48.0	52.0	4.0
2–3 Jul	Alco	41.9	42.7	15.4	0.8		49.5	50.5	1.0
2–3 Jul		46.0	47.0	7.0	1.0		49.5	50.5	1.0
1–3 Jul	GPO	44.1	43.7	12.2	0.4		50.2	49.8	0.4
30 Jun–3 Jul		44.0	43.0	13.0	1.0		50.5	49.5	1.0
2 Jul	Metron Analysis	49.0	46.0	5.0	3.0		51.5	48.5	3.0
2 Jul	PAMAK	42.5	43.0	14.5	0.5		49.5	50.5	1.0
1–2 Jul	Alco	41.7	41.1	17.2	0.6		50.4	49.6	0.8
1–2 Jul		47.0	46.0	7.0	1.0		50.5	49.5	1.0
30 Jun–2 Jul	Public Issue	42.5	43.0	14.5	0.5		49.5	50.5	1.0
1 Jul	Metron Analysis	45.0	46.0	9.0	1.0		49.5	50.5	1.0
1 Jul	PAMAK	44.0	45.0	11.0	1.0		49.5	50.5	1.0
30 Jun–1 Jul		44.0	47.0	9.0	3.0		48.5	51.5	3.0
30 Jun–1 Jul	Alco	41.5	40.2	18.3	1.3		50.8	49.2	1.6
30 Jun	Metron Analysis	43.0	48.0	9.0	5.0		47.5	52.5	5.0
30 Jun	PAMAK	40.5	44.0	15.5	3.5		48.0	52.0	4.0
29–30 Jun	Alco	38.4	46.2	15.4	7.8		45.4	54.6	9.2
29–30 Jun		42.0	50.0	8.0	8.0		45.5	54.5	9.0
29–30 Jun	ToThePoint Archived 1 July 2015 at archive.today	37.0	40.2	22.8	3.2		47.9	52.1	4.2

28–30 Jun	ProRata	33.0	54.0	13.0	21.0		38.0	62.0	24.0
After bank shutdown		37.0	46.0	17.0	9.0		44.5	55.5	11.0
Before bank shutdown		30.0	57.0	13.0	27.0		34.5	65.5	31.0

29 Jun	Metron Analysis	41.0	51.0	8.0	10.0		44.5	55.5	11.0
29 Jun	PAMAK	37.5	47.0	15.5	9.5		44.5	55.5	11.0
28–29 Jun		37.0	53.0	10.0	16.0		41.0	59.0	18.0
28 Jun	Metron Analysis	33.0	55.0	12.0	20.0		37.5	62.5	25.0
28 Jun	PAMAK	31.0	54.0	15.0	23.0		36.5	63.5	27.0
27 Jun	PAMAK	26.5	52.0	21.5	25.5		34.0	66.0	32.0

Note: This section only covers confirmed polls conducted since the announcement of the referendum. Polls not confirmed by their respective pollsters are not shown in the table.

Before the referendum announcement

Two opinion polls were conducted shortly before the announcement of the referendum on 27 June, and prior to the referendum question being made public. The first asked how people would vote if a debt-deal were put to a referendum,^[64] and the second whether people supported reaching an agreement with the creditor institutions or not.^[65][66] Both found support for a deal in principle.

Results

 

Celebrations after the results were settled, Syntagma Square, Athens

The "NO" (ΟΧΙ in Greek) vote won in all the regions of Greece, as well as in all the Greek constituencies. The highest share of "NO" votes was in Crete, particularly in the constituencies of Heraklion and Chania. The highest share of "YES" (ΝΑΙ in Greek) votes was in the Peloponnese region – most notably in the Laconia constituency – although the number of "YES" votes were outnumbered by "NO" votes.

Overall

Referendum results

Choice	Votes	%
Not Approved / NO	3,558,450	61.31
Approved / YES	2,245,537	38.69
Valid votes	5,803,987	94.20
Invalid or blank votes	357,153	5.80
Total votes	6,161,140	100.00
Registered voters/turnout	9,858,508	62.50
Source: Ministry of Interior

By region

Constituency	Region	NO (%)	YES (%)
Achaea	Western Greece	68.22	31.78
Aetolia-Akarnania	Western Greece	60.90	39.10
Argolida	Peloponnese	57.65	42.35
Arkadia	Peloponnese	56.43	43.57
Arta	Epirus	59.97	40.03
Athens A	Attica	53.21	46.79
Athens B	Attica	58.06	41.94
Attica	Attica	63.69	36.31
Boeotia	Central Greece	67.43	32.57
Cephalonia	Ionian Islands	64.57	35.43
Chalkidiki	Central Macedonia	59.15	40.85
Chania	Crete	73.77	26.23
Chios	North Aegean	53.84	46.16
Corfu	Ionian Islands	71.25	28.75
Corinthia	Peloponnese	61.84	38.16
Cyclades	South Aegean	62.73	37.27
Dodecanese	South Aegean	64.84	35.16
Drama	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	57.08	42.92
Elis	Western Greece	65.00	35.00
Euboea	Central Greece	67.60	32.40
Evros	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	54.64	45.36
Evrytania	Central Greece	55.89	44.11
Florina	Western Macedonia	62.89	37.11
Grevena	Western Macedonia	54.31	45.69
Imathia	Central Macedonia	64.58	35.42
Ioannina	Epirus	59.26	40.74
Irakleiou (Heraklion)	Crete	70.82	29.18
Karditsa	Thessaly	60.92	39.08
Kastoria	Western Macedonia	52.36	47.64
Kavala	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	58.67	41.33
Kilkis	Central Macedonia	57.74	42.26
Kozani	Western Macedonia	63.16	36.84
Laconia	Peloponnese	51.17	48.83
Larissa	Thessaly	61.84	38.16
Lasithi	Crete	62.74	37.26
Lefkada	Ionian Islands	58.34	41.66
Lesbos	North Aegean	61.38	38.62
Magnesia	Thessaly	66.37	33.63
Messenia	Peloponnese	56.84	43.16
Pella	Central Macedonia	60.79	39.21
Phocis	Central Greece	57.36	42.64
Phthiotis	Central Greece	60.11	39.89
Pieria	Central Macedonia	60.92	39.08
Piraeus A	Attica	59.51	40.49
Piraeus B	Attica	72.51	27.49
Preveza	Epirus	58.13	41.87
Rethymno	Crete	65.33	34.67
Rhodope	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	63.46	36.54
Samos	North Aegean	70.31	29.69
Serres	Central Macedonia	53.74	46.26
Thesprotia	Epirus	59.04	40.96
Thessaloniki A	Central Macedonia	60.92	39.08
Thessaloniki B	Central Macedonia	59.92	40.08
Trikala	Thessaly	58.67	41.33
Xanthi	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	67.89	32.11
Zakynthos	Ionian Islands	67.31	32.69

Aftermath

Three days following the no vote of the referendum, the Athens government "formally asked for a three-year bailout from the eurozone's rescue fund [on 8 July 2015] and pledged to start implementing some economic-policy overhauls" beginning by mid-July 2015. European finance leaders scheduled a "crisis summit" on 12 July to consider the request. The Greek request includes a "drastic turnaround" for Prime Minister Tsipras regarding "pension cuts, tax increases and other austerity measures."^[3] The total amount of loans requested in the Greek proposal is 53.5 billion euros (US$59 billion). The Greek parliament approved the Prime Minister's request on Friday, 10 July, and the completed package was forwarded to the eurogroup in advance of Sunday's meeting.^[67] On Monday, 13 July, the democratically elected government representing the Greek nation in the Eurozone signed a bailout package including 'worse' terms than the ones, already, publicly rejected via referendum.^[68]

References

1. "Greece debt crisis: Tsipras announces bailout referendum". BBC News. 27 June 2015.
2. "Greek conservative opposition chief Samaras resigns". Ekathimerini. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
3. Steinhauser, Gabriele; Fairless, Tom (8 July 2015). "Greece Requests Three-Year Bailout in First Step Toward Meeting Creditors' Demand". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
4. Brown, Stephen (15 July 2015). "Varoufakis calls Greek deal 'new Versailles'". Politico. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
5. "Greek parliament approves bailout prior measures package". Reuters. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
6. "As Greek Bailout Deal Passes, Alexis Tsipras Faces Rebellion". The New York Times. 14 August 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
7. Έξοδος από το μνημόνιο: Οι πρώτοι ωφελούμενοι
8. ΕΛΣΤΑΤ: Ανοδος του ΑΕΠ κατά 2,2% το γ' τρίμηνο 2018
9. "EU taken by surprise by Greek referendum". Stuff. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
10. Traynor, Ian; Hooper, John (28 June 2015). "Greek banks to stay closed on Monday". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
11. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
12. (in Greek) Στις 5 Ιουλίου ψηφίζουμε «ναι» ή «όχι» στην πρόταση των «θεσμών»
13. (in Greek) Hellenic Parliament, 27 June 2015
14. (in Greek) Αυτό είναι το ερώτημα του δημοψηφίσματος που προτείνει η κυβέρνηση
15. (in Greek)
16. The Constitution of Greece, Article 44, Section 2.
17. "Decision of the Board of DPS for the referendum on 5 July 2015 (Απόφαση του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου του ΔΣΑ για το δημοψήφισμα της 5ης Ιουλίου 2015)" (in Greek). Athens Bar Association (DPS). 30 June 2015.
18. Preliminary Debt Sustainability Analysis for Greece, original in English.
19. Chrysoloras, Nikos (1 July 2015). "Key Greek Referendum Debt Document Mistranslated". Bloomberg L.P.
20. "Greece's top court to rule on legality of referendum". Ekathimerini.com. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
21. "Κανονικά διεξάγεται το δημοψήφισμα – Το ΣτΕ απέρριψε τις αιτήσεις". protothema.gr. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
22. "Transcript of President Jean-Claude Juncker's press conference on Greece". European Commission. 29 June 2015.
23. "European Commission – Press release: Information from the European Commission on the latest draft proposals in the context of negotiations with Greece". European Commission. 28 June 2015.
24. "FT Journalist Spiegel Caught Juncker Lying About Greece". Greek Reporter. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
25. "Greek referendum falls short of standards – Council of Europe". Reuters. 1 July 2015.
26. (in Greek) Διαψεύδει ο Δημήτρης Βίτσας ότι το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης είναι αντίθετο με το δημοψήφισμα – stokokkino.gr 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
27. (in Greek) Κοξ: Δεν υπάρχει ανακοίνωση του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης για το δημοψήφισμα avgi.gr 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
28. (in Greek) – newpost.gr
29. "UN human rights experts welcome Greek referendum and call for international solidarity". ohchr.org. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
30. . TIME.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
31. "Greece PM urges 'No' vote to 'live with dignity in Europe'". Yahoo News UK. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
32. (in Greek) Αλ. Τσίπρας: Η διαπραγμάτευση συνεχίζεται, θα συνεχιστεί και τη Δευτέρα 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, naftemporiki.gr, 2 July 2015, retrieved 8 July 2015.
33. (in Greek) http://news.in.gr/greece/article/?aid=1500009300 Τσίπρας: Το «όχι» δεν σημαίνει έξοδο από το ευρώ, in.gr, 1 July 2015, retrieved 8 July 2015.
34. (in Greek) Σαμαράς: Το δημοψήφισμα είναι για έξοδο της Ελλάδας από το ευρώ, newsit.gr, 27 June 2015, retrieved 8 July 2015.
35. Elliot, Larry; Wearden, Graeme; Smith, Helena (30 June 2015). "Europe's big guns warn Greek voters that a no vote means euro exit". The Guardian. London.
36. Deen, Mark; Fouquet, Helene (29 June 2015). "Hollande Says Greece's Referendum Will Determine Euro Membership". Bloomberg News. New York.
37. "Greek debt crisis: Economist explains fallout if Greece goes back to drachma". abc News. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
38. "Greek economy close to collapse as food and medicine run short". The Guardian. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
39. "Greek banks prepare plan to raid deposits to avert collapse". Financial Times. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
40. "Greek situation deteriorating: Dijsselbloem". YahooFinance. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
41. "Angry EU leaders lash out at Greece, eyeing endgame". Ekathimerini. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
42. . Naftemporiki. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
43. . Phantis. 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
44. BBC News report 15 June 2012 – "Greek election is euro versus drachma, Samaras says"
45. Graeme Wearden (3 July 2015). "Greek crisis: IMF says no third bailout without debt relief—as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
46. "Greek debt crisis: Obama and Merkel monitoring situation closely". The Guardian. London. 28 June 2015.
47. Nardelli, Alberto; Watt, Nicholas (26 June 2015). "Cameron told EU leader Greek exit from euro may be best option". The Guardian. London.
48. ""Επιχείρηση" αποτροπής του "ναι" με εφόδους ('Enterprise' deterrence 'yes' due to raids)" (in Greek). Kathimerini. 30 June 2015.
49. Le Monde, AFP, Reuters, 28 June 2015.
50. "Referendum divides coalition partner". Ekathimerini. 2 July 2015.
51. "LIVE! OI ΡΑΓΔΑΙΕΣ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΕΙΣ Πηγή: www.lifo.gr" (in Greek). Lifo. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
52. "Θ. Χιώνης: "Όχι" στην πρόταση-"Σκύλλα" των δανειστών και στην πρόταση-"Χάρυβδη" της κυβέρνησης (VIDEO)" (in Greek). 902.gr. 27 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
53. "Τα δραματικά πρωτοσέλιδα του δημοψηφίσματος". 4 July 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
54. https://www.frontpages.gr/d/20150703. Retrieved 28 August 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
55. Official newspaper of ANTARSYA
56. Partially owned by Syriza
57. Official newspaper of the KKE
58. "9 myths about the Greek crisis – by James K. Galbraith, Politico". Politico. 2 July 2015.
59. [Piketty : "Between 2009 and 2014, Greece is the country which reduced its deficit the most"]. Marianne (in French). Paris. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
60. Krugman, Paul (29 June 2015). "Greece Over the Brink". The New York Times. New York.
61. Stiglitz, Joseph (29 June 2015). "Joseph Stiglitz: how I would vote in the Greek referendum". The Guardian. London.
62. "Yes edges ahead in latest Greek opinion poll". Financial Times. 3 July 2015.
63. "Poll shows tight race ahead of Greece referendum". Fox News. 3 July 2015.
64. "Δημοσκόπηση: Προβάδισμα "ναι" σε δημοψήφισμα, πριν τη "βόμβα Τσίπρα"". 28 June 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015. αν η νέα επώδυνη συμφωνία παραπεμφθεί σε δημοψήφισμα, εσείς τι θα ψηφίσετε
65. . Xinhua. 28 June 2015. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.
66. "Greek MPs approve referendum as lenders see difficulties ahead". e Kathimerini. 28 June 2015.
67. The Latest: Greece seeks 53.5B euros in new bailout package, accessed 10 July 2015.
68. German-Led Eurozone Launching Coup Against Greek Government. The Huffington Post. 12 July 2015.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greek bailout referendum, 2015.

• The two documents, from the institutions, referred to in the referendum question:
  • at referendum2015gov.gr
  • at referendum2015gov.gr
• (in Greek)
• More recent proposal by Greek government to creditors – leaked (26 June 2015) – Greece: Prior Actions
• European Commission – The latest draft proposals in the context of negotiations with Greece (26 June 2015)- List of prior actions – version of 26 June 20 00.pdf 28 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine
• , from http://www.newsbomb.gr/politikh/news/story/601471/dimopsifisma-2015-ayto-einai-to-psifodeltio-toy-dimopsifismatos-pics