The land where Gravataí is located was subject of dispute between Portugal and Spain until 1750, when they signed the Treaty of Madrid. Originally known as Aldeia de Nossa Senhora dos Anjos, Gravataí was founded on April 8, 1763 by settlers designated by the Portuguese to consolidate the crown presence in the region, led by Pedro Gonçalves Sandoval and João Lourenço Veloso. In 1772, the São Pedro province governor José Marcelino de Figueiredo started to develop the town. He built schools, mills and pottery facilities.
Then known as Aldeia dos Anjos, in 1806 the town was declared a district of Porto Alegre. By 1880 Gravataí was chartered as a borough ("Vila" in Portuguese). On March 2, 1938, the Executive order #311 declared Gravataí a city.[2]
Geography
According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the city has a total area of 463.5 km²[2] (192.2 square miles) divided into five separate districts (boroughs): Gravataí, Barro Vermelho, Ipiranga, Itacolomi and Morungava. The main supply of drinking water is provided by the Gravataí River, formed at Banhado Grande and flowing west into the city towards the Guaíbaestuary.
The climate in Gravataí is humid subtropical (Cfa). Summers are warm and the hottest month is February, with an average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). Winters are cold (by Brazilian standards) and the coldest month is July, with an average temperature of 14 °C (57 °F). The wettest months are August and September, with 140 mm (5.51 in) of precipitation, with rain regularly falling all year long.[3]
Agriculture was essential to Gravataí's economy during its first two centuries. After the 1950s the city started a process of industrialization. This process was accelerated in 2000 after the inauguration of a General Motors manufacturing plant. Since its opening 600,000 cars have been built, more than one hundred thousand Chevrolet Celta (also known as Suzuki Fun) and Chevrolet Prisma per year.
Today, manufacturing is the major economic driver and Gravataí has been classified as a blue collar city.
Government
The city elects a mayor, who serves a maximum of two four-year terms; Marco Alba is the current mayor.
The city council ("Câmara de Vereadores" in Portuguese) is composed of 21 aldermen elected to office for four years. The council functions as a parliamentary or congressional style legislative body, proposing bills, holding votes (especially the municipal budget), and passing laws to help govern the city.
Note 2: Cachoeirinha was spun out of Gravataí in 1966.
Note 3: Glorinha was spun out of Gravataí in 1988.
As of the 2010 Census,[13] Gravataí had a population of 255,660, with 92,425 households, and 82,442 families residing in the city. The population density was 551.8 people per km² (1,429.16/sq mi). There were 92,425 housing units at an average density of 199.4/km² (480.86/sq mi). The ethnic/racial makeup of the city was 84.7% White, 8% Brown, 7% Black, 0.2% Asian, and 0.2% Amerindian.[14]
Gravataí has three colleges and universities offering bachelor's and professional or master's degree programs: Universidade Luterana do Brasil, FACENSA, and Faculdade QI.
By land, Gravataí is practically midway between São Paulo and Buenos Aires, the two main economic centers of Mercosur. The interstate highway BR-290 passes through the city and connects to BR-101 highway. Rio Grande do Sul capital, Porto Alegre, is 16 miles (26 km) to the west.
Interstates and major highways
BR-290 – Runs east-west just south of the city and is accessible from Gravataí via exit 74 (RS-118) and exit 68 (General Motors plant); provides access to Porto Alegre (westbound) and to the coastline (eastbound).
RS-020 – Connects the town to Taquara and the Serra Gaúcha (the Gaucho Highlands).
RS-030 – Runs through the city parallel to BR-290 and connecting Gravataí to Santo Antônio da Patrulha and Osório, ending in Tramadaí City (in the Atlantic Coast).
RS-118 – Is a very important metropolitan perimeter highway connecting Gravataí to Esteio (northbound) and to Viamão (southbound), crossing by the Alvorada, Cachoeirinha and the Sapucaia do Sul Cities.
^(in Portuguese) Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul, The Weather Channel, accessed December 07, 2010.
^(in Portuguese) UFPel – Departamento de Economia / Recenseamento da População do Império do Brasil: 1872 – Paróquia de N. S. dos Anjos d'Aldêa Accessed May 25, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) Officina de Estatistica – Synopse do recenseamento do Brazil de 31 de dezembro de 1890 (página 102) Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) Typographia da Estatistica – Synopse do recenseamento do Brazil de 31 de dezembro de 1900 (página 85) Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) Typographia da Estatística – Recenseamento do Brazil Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920 – Volume IV (2ª Parte) Tomo II (página 536) Accessed October 19, 2010.
^(in Portuguese) IBGE – Recenseamento Geral do Brasil (1940) – Série Regional, Parte XX (1950). Rio de Janeiro: Serviço Gráfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) IBGE – VI Recenseamento Geral do Brasil (1950) – Série Regional Volume XXVIII, Tomo I. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) IBGE – Censo Demográfico de 1960 – Série Regional Volume I, Tomo XVI. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) IBGE – VII Recenseamento Geral – 1970 Série Regional Volume I, Tomo XXI (página 454). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE Accessed September 3, 2008.
^(in Portuguese) Dados do IBGE compilados pelo DATASUS
^(in Portuguese) Primeiros Dados do Censo 2010 Accessed March 22, 2012.
^(in Portuguese) IBGE Censo 2010 - Painel Accessed March 22, 2012.
^(in Portuguese) Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios 2003-2007 2011-05-16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed December 16, 2009.
^"Religion in Gravataí by IBGE". Sidra.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
External links
Gravataí Mayor's Office (in Portuguese)
Sogil: Gravataí's Intercity bus system and schedule (in Portuguese)
gravataí, this, article, about, city, river, river, tupi, guarani, gravatá, kind, flower, common, region, river, brazilian, municipality, near, porto, alegre, grande, state, population, approximately, people, making, sixth, most, populous, city, state, municip. This article is about the city For the river see Gravatai River Gravatai Tupi Guarani gravata a kind of flower common in the region y river is a Brazilian municipality near Porto Alegre at the Rio Grande do Sul State Its population is approximately 280 000 people making it the sixth most populous city in the state GravataiMunicipalityThe Municipality of GravataiFlagSealNickname City of BromeliasGravataiLocation in BrazilCoordinates 29 56 38 S 50 59 31 W 29 94389 S 50 99194 W 29 94389 50 99194CountryBrazilRegionSouthStateRio Grande do SulSettled1763Incorporated city 1880Current limits1988Government TypeMayor Council MayorMarco Alba PMDB Area Total463 5 km2 178 96 sq mi Elevation26 m 75 ft Population 2020 1 Total283 620 Density551 80 km2 1 429 16 sq mi DemonymGravataienseTime zoneUTC 3 BRT Postal Code94000 000Area code 55 51WebsitePrefeitura de Gravatai Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Neighbor cities 3 Economy 4 Government 5 Demographics 5 1 Religion 6 Education 7 Transportation 7 1 Interstates and major highways 7 2 Airport 7 3 Public transportation 7 4 Waterways 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditThe land where Gravatai is located was subject of dispute between Portugal and Spain until 1750 when they signed the Treaty of Madrid Originally known as Aldeia de Nossa Senhora dos Anjos Gravatai was founded on April 8 1763 by settlers designated by the Portuguese to consolidate the crown presence in the region led by Pedro Goncalves Sandoval and Joao Lourenco Veloso In 1772 the Sao Pedro province governor Jose Marcelino de Figueiredo started to develop the town He built schools mills and pottery facilities Then known as Aldeia dos Anjos in 1806 the town was declared a district of Porto Alegre By 1880 Gravatai was chartered as a borough Vila in Portuguese On March 2 1938 the Executive order 311 declared Gravatai a city 2 Geography EditAccording to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics the city has a total area of 463 5 km 2 192 2 square miles divided into five separate districts boroughs Gravatai Barro Vermelho Ipiranga Itacolomi and Morungava The main supply of drinking water is provided by the Gravatai River formed at Banhado Grande and flowing west into the city towards the Guaiba estuary Climate Edit GravataiClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 99 30 20 109 30 21 104 28 19 86 25 16 94 22 13 132 19 11 122 19 11 140 20 11 140 22 13 114 24 15 104 27 17 102 29 19Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource The Weather Channel GravataiImperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 3 9 86 68 4 3 86 70 4 1 82 66 3 4 77 61 3 7 72 55 5 2 66 52 4 8 66 52 5 5 68 52 5 5 72 55 4 5 75 59 4 1 81 63 4 84 66Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesThe climate in Gravatai is humid subtropical Cfa Summers are warm and the hottest month is February with an average temperature of 25 C 77 F Winters are cold by Brazilian standards and the coldest month is July with an average temperature of 14 C 57 F The wettest months are August and September with 140 mm 5 51 in of precipitation with rain regularly falling all year long 3 Neighbor cities Edit North Novo Hamburgo and Taquara South Alvorada and Viamao East Glorinha West Cachoeirinha and Sapucaia do SulEconomy Edit The Chevrolet Celta is a low cost supermini produced in Gravatai for the Latin American market Agriculture was essential to Gravatai s economy during its first two centuries After the 1950s the city started a process of industrialization This process was accelerated in 2000 after the inauguration of a General Motors manufacturing plant Since its opening 600 000 cars have been built more than one hundred thousand Chevrolet Celta also known as Suzuki Fun and Chevrolet Prisma per year Today manufacturing is the major economic driver and Gravatai has been classified as a blue collar city Government EditThe city elects a mayor who serves a maximum of two four year terms Marco Alba is the current mayor The city council Camara de Vereadores in Portuguese is composed of 21 aldermen elected to office for four years The council functions as a parliamentary or congressional style legislative body proposing bills holding votes especially the municipal budget and passing laws to help govern the city Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 1872 4 5 852 1890 5 9 693 65 6 1900 6 12 855 32 6 1920 7 20 394 58 6 1940 8 22 894 12 3 1950 9 27 853 21 7 1960 10 45 951 65 0 1970 11 52 462 14 2 1980 12 107 437 104 8 1990 2 173 396 61 4 2000 2 232 629 34 2 2010 2 255 762 9 9 Note 1 Canoas was spun out of Gravatai in 1939 Note 2 Cachoeirinha was spun out of Gravatai in 1966 Note 3 Glorinha was spun out of Gravatai in 1988 As of the 2010 Census 13 Gravatai had a population of 255 660 with 92 425 households and 82 442 families residing in the city The population density was 551 8 people per km 1 429 16 sq mi There were 92 425 housing units at an average density of 199 4 km 480 86 sq mi The ethnic racial makeup of the city was 84 7 White 8 Brown 7 Black 0 2 Asian and 0 2 Amerindian 14 The per capita income for the city was R 18 642 US 10 965 in 2007 15 Religion Edit Main article Religion in Brazil Religion Percentage NumberCatholic 66 14 169 095Protestant 18 27 46 705No religion 5 88 15 031Kardecist 3 79 9 684Umbanda and Candomble 2 69 6 879Jehovah s Witnesses 1 04 2 667Buddhist 0 12 299Other 2 07 5 300Source IBGE 2010 16 Education EditGravatai has three colleges and universities offering bachelor s and professional or master s degree programs Universidade Luterana do Brasil FACENSA and Faculdade QI Preschool 69 2 Elementary and Middle school 100 2 High school 23 2 Transportation EditBy land Gravatai is practically midway between Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires the two main economic centers of Mercosur The interstate highway BR 290 passes through the city and connects to BR 101 highway Rio Grande do Sul capital Porto Alegre is 16 miles 26 km to the west Interstates and major highways Edit BR 290 Runs east west just south of the city and is accessible from Gravatai via exit 74 RS 118 and exit 68 General Motors plant provides access to Porto Alegre westbound and to the coastline eastbound RS 020 Connects the town to Taquara and the Serra Gaucha the Gaucho Highlands RS 030 Runs through the city parallel to BR 290 and connecting Gravatai to Santo Antonio da Patrulha and Osorio ending in Tramadai City in the Atlantic Coast RS 118 Is a very important metropolitan perimeter highway connecting Gravatai to Esteio northbound and to Viamao southbound crossing by the Alvorada Cachoeirinha and the Sapucaia do Sul Cities Airport Edit The closest airport to the city is the Salgado Filho International Airport located off BR 290 highway 14 miles west of Gravatai Public transportation Edit Public transit throughout the region is provided by SOGIL Unesul VICASA and TransCal Waterways Edit Though it is not used for transporting goods and materials the Gravatai River is a navigable waterway for boating References Edit IBGE 2020 a b c d e f g h in Portuguese IBGE Cidades Gravatai Accessed December 12 2010 in Portuguese Gravatai Rio Grande do Sul The Weather Channel accessed December 07 2010 in Portuguese UFPel Departamento de Economia Recenseamento da Populacao do Imperio do Brasil 1872 Paroquia de N S dos Anjos d Aldea Accessed May 25 2008 in Portuguese Officina de Estatistica Synopse do recenseamento do Brazil de 31 de dezembro de 1890 pagina 102 Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese Typographia da Estatistica Synopse do recenseamento do Brazil de 31 de dezembro de 1900 pagina 85 Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese Typographia da Estatistica Recenseamento do Brazil Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920 Volume IV 2ª Parte Tomo II pagina 536 Accessed October 19 2010 in Portuguese IBGE Recenseamento Geral do Brasil 1940 Serie Regional Parte XX 1950 Rio de Janeiro Servico Grafico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese IBGE VI Recenseamento Geral do Brasil 1950 Serie Regional Volume XXVIII Tomo I Rio de Janeiro IBGE Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese IBGE Censo Demografico de 1960 Serie Regional Volume I Tomo XVI Rio de Janeiro IBGE Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese IBGE VII Recenseamento Geral 1970 Serie Regional Volume I Tomo XXI pagina 454 Rio de Janeiro IBGE Accessed September 3 2008 in Portuguese Dados do IBGE compilados pelo DATASUS in Portuguese Primeiros Dados do Censo 2010 Accessed March 22 2012 in Portuguese IBGE Censo 2010 Painel Accessed March 22 2012 in Portuguese Produto Interno Bruto dos Municipios 2003 2007 Archived 2011 05 16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed December 16 2009 Religion in Gravatai by IBGE Sidra ibge gov br Retrieved 2013 01 07 External links EditGravatai Mayor s Office in Portuguese Sogil Gravatai s Intercity bus system and schedule in Portuguese Coordinates 29 56 S 50 59 W 29 933 S 50 983 W 29 933 50 983 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w 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