This article is about the protein family. For other uses of Granin, see Granin (disambiguation).
Granin (chromogranin and secretogranin) is a protein family of regulated secretory proteins ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide hormone and neurotransmitter dense-core secretory vesicles.[2]
Granin (chromogranin or secretogranin)
Structure of SS-cyclized catestatin fragment from chromogranin A.[1]
Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro-endocrine cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as pro-hormones, giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The intracellular biochemistry of granins includes binding of Ca2+, ATP and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) within the hormone storage vesicle core. There is also evidence that CgA, and perhaps other granins, regulate the biogenesis of dense-core secretory vesicles and hormone sequestration in neuroendocrine cells.
Structureedit
Apart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), these proteins do not share many structural similarities. Only one short region, located in the C-terminal section, is conserved in all these proteins. Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their N-terminal section; this region includes two cysteine residues involved in a disulfide bond.
There are considerable differences in the amino acid composition between different animals. Commercial assays for measuring human CGA can usually not be used for measuring CGA in samples from other species. Some specific parts of the molecule have a higher degree of amino acid homology and methods where the antibodies are directed against specific epitopes can be used to measure samples from different animals.[3] Region-specific assays measuring defined parts of CGA, CGB and SG2 can be used for measurements in samples from cats and dogs.[4][5][6][7]
Some other proteins are also proposed to belong to the granins based on their physico-chemical properties. These include NESP55 (SgVI), VGF (SgVII), and ProSAAS (SgVIII).[8]
Referencesedit
^Preece NE, Nguyen M, Mahata M, Mahata SK, Mahapatra NR, Tsigelny I, O'Connor DT (April 2004). "Conformational preferences and activities of peptides from the catecholamine release-inhibitory (catestatin) region of chromogranin A". Regulatory Peptides. 118 (1–2): 75–87. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2003.10.035. PMID 14759560. S2CID 43517955.
^Huttner WB, Gerdes HH, Rosa P (January 1991). "The granin (chromogranin/secretogranin) family". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 16 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(91)90012-K. PMID 2053134.
^Stridsberg M, Angeletti RH, Helle KB (June 2000). "Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region-specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods". The Journal of Endocrinology. 165 (3): 703–14. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1650703. PMID 10828855.
^Stridsberg M, Pettersson A, Hagman R, Westin C, Höglund O (June 2014). "Chromogranins can be measured in samples from cats and dogs". BMC Research Notes. 7 (1): 336. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-336. PMC4055239. PMID 24899097.
^Höglund OV, Hagman R, Stridsberg M (27 March 2015). "Chromogranin A and cortisol at intraoperative repeated noxious stimuli: Surgical stress in a dog model". SAGE Open Medicine. 3: 2050312115576432. doi:10.1177/2050312115576432. PMC4679230. PMID 26770773.
^Srithunyarat T, Höglund OV, Hagman R, Olsson U, Stridsberg M, Lagerstedt AS, Pettersson A (August 2016). "Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, scores of the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale and visual analog scale for stress and pain behavior in dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy". BMC Research Notes. 9 (1): 381. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2193-1. PMC4969733. PMID 27484122.
^Srithunyarat T, Hagman R, Höglund OV, Olsson U, Stridsberg M, Jitpean S, Lagerstedt AS, Pettersson A (January 2017). "Catestatin and vasostatin concentrations in healthy dogs". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 59 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0274-8. PMC5210291. PMID 28049540.
^Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Mahata SK, Fischer-Colbrie R, Loh YP, Salton SR (December 2011). "The extended granin family: structure, function, and biomedical implications". Endocrine Reviews. 32 (6): 755–97. doi:10.1210/er.2010-0027. PMC3591675. PMID 21862681.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001990
January 01, 1970
granin, this, article, about, protein, family, other, uses, disambiguation, chromogranin, secretogranin, protein, family, regulated, secretory, proteins, ubiquitously, found, cores, amine, peptide, hormone, neurotransmitter, dense, core, secretory, vesicles, c. This article is about the protein family For other uses of Granin see Granin disambiguation Granin chromogranin and secretogranin is a protein family of regulated secretory proteins ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide hormone and neurotransmitter dense core secretory vesicles 2 Granin chromogranin or secretogranin Structure of SS cyclized catestatin fragment from chromogranin A 1 IdentifiersSymbolGraninPfamPF01271InterProIPR001990PROSITEPDOC00365SCOP21cfk SCOPe SUPFAMOPM superfamily282OPM protein1lv4Available protein structures Pfam structures ECOD PDBRCSB PDB PDBe PDBjPDBsumstructure summary Contents 1 Function 2 Structure 3 Members 3 1 Chromogranins 3 2 Secretogranins 3 3 Extended group 4 References 5 External linksFunction editGranins chromogranins or secretogranins are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro endocrine cells The exact function s of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as pro hormones giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which autocrine paracrine and endocrine activities have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo The intracellular biochemistry of granins includes binding of Ca2 ATP and catecholamines epinephrine norepinephrine within the hormone storage vesicle core There is also evidence that CgA and perhaps other granins regulate the biogenesis of dense core secretory vesicles and hormone sequestration in neuroendocrine cells Structure editApart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues Asp and Glu these proteins do not share many structural similarities Only one short region located in the C terminal section is conserved in all these proteins Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C terminal motif whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their N terminal section this region includes two cysteine residues involved in a disulfide bond There are considerable differences in the amino acid composition between different animals Commercial assays for measuring human CGA can usually not be used for measuring CGA in samples from other species Some specific parts of the molecule have a higher degree of amino acid homology and methods where the antibodies are directed against specific epitopes can be used to measure samples from different animals 3 Region specific assays measuring defined parts of CGA CGB and SG2 can be used for measurements in samples from cats and dogs 4 5 6 7 Members editChromogranins edit chromogranin A CgA chromogranin B CgB chromogranin A parathyroid secretory protein 1 IdentifiersSymbolCHGAAlt symbolsCGANCBI gene1113HGNC1929OMIM118910RefSeqNM 001275UniProtP10645Other dataLocusChr 14 q32Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterPro chromogranin B secretogranin 1 IdentifiersSymbolCHGBAlt symbolsSCG1NCBI gene1114HGNC1930OMIM118920RefSeqNM 001819UniProtP05060Other dataLocusChr 20 pter p12Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterPro Secretogranins edit secretogranin II SgII see also secretoneurin secretogranin III SgIII secretogranin V SgV secretogranin II chromogranin C IdentifiersSymbolSCG2Alt symbolsCHGC SgIINCBI gene7857HGNC10575OMIM118930RefSeqNM 003469UniProtP13521Other dataLocusChr 2 q35 q36Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterPro secretogranin III FLJ90833 IdentifiersSymbolSCG3Alt symbolsSGIIINCBI gene29106HGNC13707OMIM611796RefSeqNM 013243UniProtQ8WXD2Other dataLocusChr 15 q21 3Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterPro secretogranin V 7B2 protein IdentifiersSymbolSCG5Alt symbolsSGNE1NCBI gene6447HGNC10816OMIM173120RefSeqNM 003020UniProtP05408Other dataLocusChr 15 q13 q14Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterPro Extended group edit Some other proteins are also proposed to belong to the granins based on their physico chemical properties These include NESP55 SgVI VGF SgVII and ProSAAS SgVIII 8 References edit Preece NE Nguyen M Mahata M Mahata SK Mahapatra NR Tsigelny I O Connor DT April 2004 Conformational preferences and activities of peptides from the catecholamine release inhibitory catestatin region of chromogranin A Regulatory Peptides 118 1 2 75 87 doi 10 1016 j regpep 2003 10 035 PMID 14759560 S2CID 43517955 Huttner WB Gerdes HH Rosa P January 1991 The granin chromogranin secretogranin family Trends in Biochemical Sciences 16 1 27 30 doi 10 1016 0968 0004 91 90012 K PMID 2053134 Stridsberg M Angeletti RH Helle KB June 2000 Characterisation of N terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods The Journal of Endocrinology 165 3 703 14 doi 10 1677 joe 0 1650703 PMID 10828855 Stridsberg M Pettersson A Hagman R Westin C Hoglund O June 2014 Chromogranins can be measured in samples from cats and dogs BMC Research Notes 7 1 336 doi 10 1186 1756 0500 7 336 PMC 4055239 PMID 24899097 Hoglund OV Hagman R Stridsberg M 27 March 2015 Chromogranin A and cortisol at intraoperative repeated noxious stimuli Surgical stress in a dog model SAGE Open Medicine 3 2050312115576432 doi 10 1177 2050312115576432 PMC 4679230 PMID 26770773 Srithunyarat T Hoglund OV Hagman R Olsson U Stridsberg M Lagerstedt AS Pettersson A August 2016 Catestatin vasostatin cortisol temperature heart rate respiratory rate scores of the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale and visual analog scale for stress and pain behavior in dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy BMC Research Notes 9 1 381 doi 10 1186 s13104 016 2193 1 PMC 4969733 PMID 27484122 Srithunyarat T Hagman R Hoglund OV Olsson U Stridsberg M Jitpean S Lagerstedt AS Pettersson A January 2017 Catestatin and vasostatin concentrations in healthy dogs Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 59 1 1 doi 10 1186 s13028 016 0274 8 PMC 5210291 PMID 28049540 Bartolomucci A Possenti R Mahata SK Fischer Colbrie R Loh YP Salton SR December 2011 The extended granin family structure function and biomedical implications Endocrine Reviews 32 6 755 97 doi 10 1210 er 2010 0027 PMC 3591675 PMID 21862681 External links editChromogranins at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR001990 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Granin amp oldid 1188177632, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
