Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a continuously updated catalog of human genes and genetic disorders and traits, with a particular focus on the gene-phenotype relationship. As of 28 June 2019[update], approximately 9,000 of the over 25,000 entries in OMIM represented phenotypes; the rest represented genes, many of which were related to known phenotypes.[1]
| Content | |
|---|---|
| Description | Catalog of all known human genes and genetic phenotypes. |
| Data types captured | Genes, genetic disorders, phenotypic traits |
| Organisms | Homo sapiens |
| Contact | |
| Research center | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
| Primary citation | PMID 21472891 |
| Access | |
| Website | http://www.omim.org/ |
Versions and history
OMIM is the online continuation of Dr. Victor A. McKusick's Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM), which was published in 12 editions between 1966 and 1998.[2][3][4] Nearly all of the 1,486 entries in the first edition of MIM discussed phenotypes.[2]
MIM/OMIM is produced and curated at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM). OMIM became available on the internet in 1987 under the direction of the Welch Medical Library at JHUSOM with financial support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. From 1995 to 2010, OMIM was available on the World Wide Web with informatics and financial support from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The current OMIM website (OMIM.org), which was developed with funding from JHUSOM, is maintained by Johns Hopkins University with financial support from the National Human Genome Research Institute.[5][6]
Collection process and use
The content of MIM/OMIM is based on selection and review of the published peer-reviewed biomedical literature. Updating of content is performed by a team of science writers and curators under the direction of Dr. Ada Hamosh at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine of Johns Hopkins University. While OMIM is freely available to the public, it is designed for use primarily by physicians and other health care professionals concerned with genetic disorders, by genetics researchers, and by advanced students in science and medicine.[5]
The database may be used as a resource for locating literature relevant to inherited conditions,[7] and its numbering system is widely used in the medical literature to provide a unified index for genetic diseases.[8]
OMIM classification system
OMIM numbers
Each OMIM entry is given a unique six-digit identifier[9] as summarized below:
- 100000–299999: Autosomal loci or phenotypes (entries created before May 15, 1994)
- 300000–399999: X-linked loci or phenotypes
- 400000–499999: Y-linked loci or phenotypes
- 500000–599999: Mitochondrial loci or phenotypes
- 600000 and above: Autosomal loci or phenotypes (entries created after May 15, 1994)
In cases of allelic heterogeneity, the MIM number of the entry is followed by a decimal point and a unique 4-digit number specifying the variant.[9] For example, allelic variants in the HBB gene (141900) are numbered 141900.0001 through 141900.0538.[10]
Because OMIM has responsibility for the classification and naming of genetic disorders, these numbers are stable identifiers of the disorders.[5]
Symbols preceding MIM numbers
Symbols preceding MIM numbers[11] indicate the entry category:
- An asterisk (*) before an entry number indicates a gene.
- A number symbol (#) before an entry number indicates that it is a descriptive entry, usually of a phenotype, and does not represent a unique locus. The reason for the use of the number symbol is given in the first paragraph of the entry. Discussion of any gene(s) related to the phenotype resides in another entry (or entries) as described in the first paragraph.
- A plus sign (+) before an entry number indicates that the entry contains the description of a gene of known sequence and a phenotype.
- A percent sign (%) before an entry number indicates that the entry describes a confirmed Mendelian phenotype or phenotypic locus for which the underlying molecular basis is not known.
- No symbol before an entry number generally indicates a description of a phenotype for which the Mendelian basis, although suspected, has not been clearly established or that the separateness of this phenotype from that in another entry is unclear.
- A caret (^) before an entry number means the entry no longer exists because it was removed from the database or moved to another entry as indicated.
See also
- Mendelian inheritance
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals
- Medical classification
- Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, a database that integrates chemicals and genes with human diseases, including OMIM data.
- DECIPHER, a database of chromosomal imbalance and associated phenotype in humans, using Ensembl resources.
- MARRVEL, a website that uses OMIM as one of the six human genetic databases and seven model organism databases to integrate information.
References
- ^ "OMIM Entry Statistics". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Baltimore, MD: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- ^ a b McKusick, V. A. Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Catalogs of Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive and X-Linked Phenotypes. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1st ed, 1996; 2nd ed, 1969; 3rd ed, 1971; 4th ed, 1975; 5th ed, 1978; 6th ed, 1983; 7th ed, 1986; 8th ed, 1988; 9th ed, 1990; 10th ed, 1992.
- ^ McKusick, V. A. Mendelian Inheritance in Man. A Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 11th ed, 1994; 12th ed, 1998.
- ^ McKusick, V. A. (2007). "Mendelian Inheritance in Man and its online version, OMIM". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80 (4): 588–604. doi:10.1086/514346. PMC 1852721. PMID 17357067.
- ^ a b c Amberger, J.; Bocchini, C.; Hamosh, A. (2011). "A new face and new challenges for Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®)". Hum. Mutat. 32 (5): 564–7. doi:10.1002/humu.21466. PMID 21472891. S2CID 39087815.
- ^ Amberger, J.S.; Bocchini, C.A.; Schiettecatte, F.; Scott, A.F.; Hamosh, A. (2015). "OMIM.org: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders". Nucleic Acids Res. 43 (Database issue): D789-98. doi:10.1093/nar/gku1205. PMC 4383985. PMID 25428349.
- ^ Gitomer, W.; Pak, C. (1996). "Recent advances in the biochemical and molecular biological basis of cystinuria". The Journal of Urology. 156 (6): 1907–1912. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65389-8. PMID 8911353.
- ^ Tolmie, J.; Shillito, P.; Hughes-Benzie, R.; Stephenson, J. (1995). "The Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (familial, early onset encephalopathy with calcifications of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis)". Journal of Medical Genetics. 32 (11): 881–884. doi:10.1136/jmg.32.11.881. PMC 1051740. PMID 8592332.
- ^ a b "FAQ, §1.2". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Baltimore, MD: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ "Hemoglobin beta locus or HBB (141900): Allelic variants". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Baltimore, MD: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ "FAQ, §1.3". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Baltimore, MD: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
External links
- OMIM home page