Gordon Gray III

Gordon Gray III (born 1956) is a professor of practice at Penn State's School of International Affairs.^[1] He is a retired United States Foreign Service Officer and former career member of the Senior Foreign Service who attained the rank of minister-counselor. He joined the faculty of the National War College in July 2012^[2] and held the positions of deputy commandant and international affairs advisor from June 2014 to June 2015.^[3] He was the U.S. ambassador to Tunisia, having been sworn in on August 20, 2009, after his appointment to the position by President Barack Obama, and served until July 5, 2012.^[4][5]

Gordon Gray
United States Ambassador to Tunisia
In office November 19, 2009 – July 5, 2012
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	Robert F. Godec
Succeeded by	Jacob Walles
Personal details
Born	1956 (age 66–67) New York City, New York, U.S.
Education	Yale University (BA) Columbia University (MIA)

He retired from the Foreign Service in June 2015. In July 2015, he joined the National U.S.–Arab Chamber of Commerce as the organization's executive vice president, serving in that capacity until August 2017.^[6][7] He served as the chief operating officer of the Center for American Progress, a research and advocacy institute in Washington, DC, from September 2017 until October 2021 and remains affiliated as a senior fellow.^[8]  

Gray is also a non-resident fellow of Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy,^[9] which in 2017 published his case study on Tunisia and the start of the Arab Spring.^[10] Gray's other writings have been published by Time,^[11] The National Interest,^[12] The Journal of Diplomacy,^[13] Just Security,^[14] Manara Magazine,^[15]The Arab Weekly,^[16] Foreign Service Journal,^[17] The Hill,^[18] and translated into French by Leaders, a Tunisian magazine.^[19]

Gray serves on the Board of Directors of AMIDEAST^[20] and the Tunisian-American Young Professionals Association^[21] as well as on the advisory council of the Middle East Institute's North Africa and Sahel program.^[22]

Biography

Gordon Gray III was born in New York City in 1956. He attended Yale University, receiving his B.A. in political science in 1978. Gray later served in the Peace Corps in Oued Zem, Morocco until 1980. He then attended Columbia University, from which he graduated in 1982 with a Master of International Affairs.^[4] In 2015, he received an honorary M.S. from the National Defense University.^[23]

Gray began his Foreign Service career in 1982. His first tours of duty included postings in Karachi, Amman, and Ottawa. He was appointed as director of the Counterterrorism Regional Affairs Office at the Department of State in 1996 and held the post until 1999. As director for regional affairs in the Office of the Coordinator for Counter-terrorism before 9/11, Gray predicted the rising threat of Bin Laden and Al Qaeda.^[24] He was then appointed as the director of the Office of Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Operations from 1999 to 2001. Between 2002 and 2005, Gray served as the deputy chief of mission at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo. While holding this post, Gray became the first U.S. diplomat to visit Tripoli in 2004.^[4]

In 2005, Gray served as the deputy assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs in the State Department, a position which he held until mid-2008. He then spent eleven months in Baghdad as a senior advisor to then-U.S. Ambassador Ryan C. Crocker. There, Gray spent much of his time traveling in the south of Iraq assessing the reestablishment of governance and infrastructure in the southern provinces.^[25]

Gray was sworn in as the United States Ambassador to Tunisia in August 2009, assuming his post the following month.^[26]

Turmoil in Tunisia

Gray's tenure has seen him involved in two diplomatic incidents relating to Tunisia. During the release of classified State Department cables by WikiLeaks, it was revealed that Gray criticized the Tunisian government's human rights record and its policies relating to press freedom. Additionally, he was one of the first to identify Sakher El Materi, a Tunisian businessman and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's son-in-law, as a potential beneficiary of the ancien regime's nepotism.^[27] Gray had been, however, an early and consistent proponent of democracy in Tunisia.^[28] Indeed, he is credited with informing former President Ben Ali not only that he needed to relinquish power, but that he could not count United States for exile.^[29] In WikiLeaks cables, Gray has also commented on the political aptitude of Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi,^[30] who temporarily assumed control of the country following former President Ben Ali's departure, stating that "it appears Ben Ali has come to view him as indispensable." During protests which contributed to President Ben Ali's departure, Gray was summoned to explain American encouragement of political demonstration and the American response stating that Tunisia had used excessive violence against protesters.^[31] U.S. State Department spokesman Philip Crowley stated that the purpose of Gray's meeting was to express the Obama administration's wariness toward said violence, with 27 protesters having died before the meeting took place.^{[citation needed]} The U.S. response to Tunisian riots was poorly received, and as such it was Gray who was called to explain the reasons for the Obama administration's condemnation of the Ben Ali regime's handling of the unrest.^[32] In regard to the Tunisian political upheaval in January 2011, Ambassador Gray has come out calling for both protesters and government forces alike to act with responsibility, noting that democratic demonstrations are a "new phenomenon" in Tunisia^[33]

In May 2012, Gray criticized a Tunisian court's charges of "disturbing public order" and "threatening public morals" against TV magnate Nabil Karoui, who aired a French film which violates a prohibition in Islam by showing a depiction of God. After Gray stated that "[Karoui's] conviction raises serious concerns about tolerance and freedom of expression in the new Tunisia", the Tunisian Foreign Ministry expressed its displeasure with Gray's comments and decried perceived US interference in the Tunisian judicial system.^[34][35]

As Gray prepared to leave his post in July 2012, he expressed optimism over Tunisia's future thanks to the nation's capable government and military, adding that a stable democracy is well within the country's grasp.^[36][37][38] He reiterated his confidence in Tunisian civil society in an op-ed piece Time published on October 9, 2015, the day the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.^[39]

Gray has twice received the Presidential Meritorious Service award, as well as other awards for exceptional service.^[40] In recognition of Gray's support for Tunisia's transition to democracy, on July 4, 2012, President Marzouki awarded him the highest civilian decoration Tunisia grants to foreigners, the "Grand Officier de l'Ordre de la République".^[41][42]

References

1. "School of International Affairs hires career diplomat as new professor | Penn State University". Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
2. "Gordon Gray". National War College. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
3. "Ambassador Gordon Gray". National War College. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
4. Bewig, Matt; Wallechinsky, David. "Ambassador to Tunisia: Who Is Gordon Gray?". AllGov. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
5. "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts". whitehouse.gov. June 11, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2011 – via National Archives.
6. (PDF). NUSACC. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
7. "Washington-area appointments and promotions for Aug. 17, 2015". Washington Post. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
8. "Gordon Gray". Center for American Progress. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
9. "Ambassador (Ret.) Gordon Gray". ISD. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
10. "Case 339 - Tunisia and the Start of the Arab Spring". Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
11. "Nobel Peace Prize Honors Resilience of the Tunisian People". Time. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
12. Gray, Gordon (April 11, 2018). "Why Pompeo Must Prioritize U.S. Diplomacy". The National Interest. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
13. "Lessons Learned from a Dictator's Overthrow – Featured Opinion of Former Ambassador Gordon Gray – Journal of Diplomacy". blogs.shu.edu. April 26, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
14. "Heed the Lessons From 2011 Libya to Prevail in Ukraine Today". Just Security. June 28, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
15. "Deploy All the Instruments of Statecraft, Not Just the Military Ones". July 2, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
16. "Running after the revolution | Gordon Gray". AW. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
17. "The Foreign Service Journal, March 2020". FlippingBook. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
18. Oliveira, Alexandra (June 25, 2020). "Will the next administration restore diplomacy in the Middle East?". The Hill. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
19. "Courir après la révolution". Leaders (in French). Retrieved June 2, 2020.
20. "Board of Directors". AMIDEAST. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
21. "Meet the Team". Tunisian American Young Professionals - Board Members. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
22. "North Africa and the Sahel". Middle East Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
23. (PDF). NUSACC. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
24. "U.S. Officials See Terrorism As a Shifting Threat to Nation". State Department. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
25. Turner, Sgt. David. . DoD. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
26. . Embassy of the United States. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
27. Cole, Juan (July 2014). The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation is Changing the Middle East. ISBN 9781451690415.
28. . Embassy of the United States. July 2, 2010. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
29. Diamond, Larry; Plattner, Marc F. (April 2014). Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Arab World. ISBN 9781421414164.
30. "Tunisian Embassy Cable". Al-Akhbar. December 8, 2010. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
31. "Tunisian Government Closes Schools As Unrest Spreads". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. January 11, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
32. "Tunisia summons US ambassador over riot comments". Associated Press. January 10, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
33. "Swiss to freeze Ben Ali funds". Al Jazeera English. January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
34. "Tunisian who showed 'Persepolis' on TV fined in free speech case". Washington Post. May 3, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
35. "Embassy Row: Tunisia angered". Washington Times. May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
36. "Tunisia: 'Nation Fortunate to Have Very Professional Army,' Says U.S. Ambassador". allAfrica.com. June 28, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
37. . TunisiaLive.com. June 29, 2012. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
38. . Embassy of the United States. July 3, 2012. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
39. "Nobel Peace Prize Honors Resilience of the Tunisian People | Time".
40. . Archived from the original on September 17, 2012.
41. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=153763214694875&story_fbid=357941537610374^{[user-generated source]}
42. http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201207050519.html^{[dead link]}

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Robert F. Godec	United States Ambassador to Tunisia 2009–2012	Succeeded by Jacob Walles