"Golden rain tree" redirects here. For the unrelated species also called "golden rain", see Laburnum anagyroides.
Koelreuteria paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to China. Naturalized in Korea and Japan since at least the 1200s,[3] it was introduced in Europe in 1747, and to America in 1763, and has become a popular landscape tree worldwide.[4][5] Common names include goldenrain tree,[6][7]pride of India,[8]China tree,[9] and the varnish tree.[7]
Koelreuteria paniculata
Foliage and flowers of Koelreuteria paniculata var. apiculata
It is a small to medium-sized deciduoustree growing to 7 m (23 ft) tall, with a broad, dome-shaped crown. The leaves are pinnate, 15–40 cm (6–16 in) long, rarely to 50 cm (20 in), with 7–15 leaflets 3–8 cm long, with a deeply serrated margin; the larger leaflets at the midpoint of the leaf are sometimes themselves pinnate but the leaves are not consistently fully bipinnate as in the related Koelreuteria bipinnata.[3]
The flowers are yellow, with four petals, growing in large terminal panicles 20–40 cm (8–16 in) long.[10] The fruit is a three-part inflated bladderlike pod, 3–6 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, that is green, then ripening from orange to pink in autumn. It contains several dark brown to black seeds 5–8 mm diameter.[5]
Taxonomyedit
Publicationedit
First published in 1772, in the 1771 edition of Novi commentarii academiae scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae, attributed to Erik Laxmann.[2][11]
K. paniculata var. paniculata. Northern China and Korea. Leaves single-pinnate.
K. paniculata var. apiculata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rehder (syn. K. apiculata).[12] Western China (Sichuan), intergrading with var. paniculata in central China. Leaves with larger leaflets commonly bipinnate.
K. paniculatavar. fastigiata. Small growing columnar form originated in 1888.[13]
K. paniculata var. variegata. a form with variegated foliage.[13]
It is popularly grown as an ornamental tree in temperate regions all across the world because of the aesthetic appeal of its flowers, leaves and seed pods. Several cultivars have been selected for garden planting, including 'Fastigiata' with a narrow crown, and 'September Gold', flowering in late summer.
Flowers & legumens in the top of a tree in São Paulo Brazil
Koelreuteria paniculata infructescence, Butler County, Kansas
Koelreuteria paniculata infructescence and leaves, Harvey County, Kansas
Notesedit
^Ye, J.; Yu, S.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Koelreuteria paniculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T18776387A147626783. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
^ abMeyer, F.G. (April 1976). "A Revision of the Genus Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae)". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 57 (2): 129–141, 146–153. doi:10.5962/p.185862 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library; Internet Archive.
^"Golden Rain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata". Monrovia. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
^ ab. Arbor Day Foundation. Archived from the original on 2015-03-21. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
^"PLANTS Profile for Koelreuteria paniculata (goldenrain tree)". Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
^Laxmann, E. (1772). "KOELREVTERIA PANICVLATA, NOVVM PLANTARVM GENVS". Novi Commentari Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae. 16: 561–564 – via Internet Archive.
^Sargent, Charles (1916). Plantae Wilsonianae : An enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 by E. H. Wilson. Cambridge (Mass): University Press. pp. 191–193.
^ abMore, David (2003). Cassell's trees of Britain & Northern Europe. John White. London: Cassell. p. 711. ISBN0-304-36192-5. OCLC 47232390.
^"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 57. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
^City of Jacksonville Department of Parks, Recreation and Community Services (2021). "2021 Tree Hill Nature Center Management Plan" (PDF). Florida Department of Environmental Protection. (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
Referencesedit
Plants for a Future: Koelreuteria paniculata
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koelreuteria paniculata.
Dosmann, Michael S., Whitlow, Thomas H., and Ho-Duck, Kang. "The (un)Natural and Cultural History of Korean Goldenrain Tree." Arnoldia 64 (1) (2006).
Santamour, Frank S.and Spongberg, Stephen A. "’Rose Lantern’: A New Cultivar of Koelreuteria paniculata, the Golden-Rain Tree." Arnoldia 56 (2) (1996).
April 11, 2024
koelreuteria, paniculata, golden, rain, tree, redirects, here, unrelated, species, also, called, golden, rain, laburnum, anagyroides, species, flowering, plant, family, sapindaceae, native, china, naturalized, korea, japan, since, least, 1200s, introduced, eur. Golden rain tree redirects here For the unrelated species also called golden rain see Laburnum anagyroides Koelreuteria paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae native to China Naturalized in Korea and Japan since at least the 1200s 3 it was introduced in Europe in 1747 and to America in 1763 and has become a popular landscape tree worldwide 4 5 Common names include goldenrain tree 6 7 pride of India 8 China tree 9 and the varnish tree 7 Koelreuteria paniculataFoliage and flowers of Koelreuteria paniculata var apiculataConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder SapindalesFamily SapindaceaeGenus KoelreuteriaSpecies K paniculataBinomial nameKoelreuteria paniculataLaxm Synonyms 2 List Sapindus paniculata Laxm Dum Cours Koelreuteria apiculata Rehder amp E H WilsonKoelreuteria bipinnata var apiculata Rehder amp E H Wilson F C How amp C N HoKoelreuteria chinensis L Hoffmanns Koelreuteria japonica Hassk Koelreuteria paniculata var apiculata Rehder amp E H Wilson RehderKoelreuteria paniculata var fastigiata BeanKoelreuteria paniculata f fastigiata Bean RehderKoelreuteria paniculata var lixianensis H L TsiangKoelreuteria paniculata f miyagiensis H Ohashi amp Yu SasakiKoelreuteria paullinoides L Her Paullinia aurea Radlk Sapindus chinensis L Sapindus sinensis J F Gmel Leaf of Koelreuteria paniculata var paniculata Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Publication 2 2 Varieties 3 Cultivation 4 Gallery 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDescription editIt is a small to medium sized deciduous tree growing to 7 m 23 ft tall with a broad dome shaped crown The leaves are pinnate 15 40 cm 6 16 in long rarely to 50 cm 20 in with 7 15 leaflets 3 8 cm long with a deeply serrated margin the larger leaflets at the midpoint of the leaf are sometimes themselves pinnate but the leaves are not consistently fully bipinnate as in the related Koelreuteria bipinnata 3 The flowers are yellow with four petals growing in large terminal panicles 20 40 cm 8 16 in long 10 The fruit is a three part inflated bladderlike pod 3 6 cm long and 2 4 cm broad that is green then ripening from orange to pink in autumn It contains several dark brown to black seeds 5 8 mm diameter 5 Taxonomy editPublication edit First published in 1772 in the 1771 edition of Novi commentarii academiae scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae attributed to Erik Laxmann 2 11 Varieties edit Several varieties have been described K paniculata var paniculata Northern China and Korea Leaves single pinnate K paniculata var apiculata Rehder amp E H Wilson Rehder syn K apiculata 12 Western China Sichuan intergrading with var paniculata in central China Leaves with larger leaflets commonly bipinnate K paniculata var fastigiata Small growing columnar form originated in 1888 13 K paniculata var variegata a form with variegated foliage 13 But none of them are accepted 2 Cultivation editK paniculata has been cultivated since ancient times In the Zhou dynasty it was one of the five official memorial trees alongside P tabuliformis P orientalis S japonicum and certain Poplars being planted next to the tombs of scholars 14 It is popularly grown as an ornamental tree in temperate regions all across the world because of the aesthetic appeal of its flowers leaves and seed pods Several cultivars have been selected for garden planting including Fastigiata with a narrow crown and September Gold flowering in late summer In the UK the cultivar Coral Sun has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 15 16 In some areas notably the eastern United States and particularly in Florida it is considered an invasive species 17 Gallery edit nbsp Fruits nbsp Bark nbsp Flowers amp legumens in the top of a tree in Sao Paulo Brazil nbsp Koelreuteria paniculata infructescence Butler County Kansas nbsp Koelreuteria paniculata infructescence and leaves Harvey County KansasNotes edit Ye J Yu S Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI amp IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019 Koelreuteria paniculata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T18776387A147626783 Retrieved 2 September 2022 a b c Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 8 February 2024 a b Meyer F G April 1976 A Revision of the Genus Koelreuteria Sapindaceae Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57 2 129 141 146 153 doi 10 5962 p 185862 via Biodiversity Heritage Library Internet Archive Golden Rain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata Monrovia Retrieved 10 July 2017 a b Goldenraintree Tree on the Tree Guide at arborday org Arbor Day Foundation Archived from the original on 2015 03 21 Retrieved 2017 07 10 PLANTS Profile for Koelreuteria paniculata goldenrain tree Natural Resources Conservation Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 8 August 2011 a b UConn Plant Database Archived 2009 06 25 at the Wayback Machine RHS A Z encyclopedia of garden plants United Kingdom Dorling Kindersley 2008 p 1136 ISBN 978 1405332965 goldenrain tree Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2008 07 12 Golden rain tree Staatliche Schlosser und Garten Baden Wurttemberg www botanischer garten karlsruhe de Retrieved 2024 03 03 Laxmann E 1772 KOELREVTERIA PANICVLATA NOVVM PLANTARVM GENVS Novi Commentari Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 16 561 564 via Internet Archive Sargent Charles 1916 Plantae Wilsonianae An enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University during the years 1907 1908 and 1910 by E H Wilson Cambridge Mass University Press pp 191 193 a b More David 2003 Cassell s trees of Britain amp Northern Europe John White London Cassell p 711 ISBN 0 304 36192 5 OCLC 47232390 Li Hui Lin 1974 The Origin and Cultivation of Shade and Ornamental Trees Pennsylvania United States University of Pennsylvania Press pp 20 22 44 191 201 218 ISBN 0 8122 1070 0 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint date and year link RHS Plantfinder Koelreuteria paniculata Coral Sun Retrieved 18 March 2018 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 57 Retrieved 17 March 2018 City of Jacksonville Department of Parks Recreation and Community Services 2021 2021 Tree Hill Nature Center Management Plan PDF Florida Department of Environmental Protection Archived PDF from the original on 6 July 2022 Retrieved 4 April 2024 References editPlants for a Future Koelreuteria paniculata Koelreuteria paniculata images at bioimages vanderbilt eduExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koelreuteria paniculata Dosmann Michael S Whitlow Thomas H and Ho Duck Kang The un Natural and Cultural History of Korean Goldenrain Tree Arnoldia 64 1 2006 Santamour Frank S and Spongberg Stephen A Rose Lantern A New Cultivar of Koelreuteria paniculata the Golden Rain Tree Arnoldia 56 2 1996 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Koelreuteria paniculata amp oldid 1217846158, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
