The goitered gazelle inhabits sands and gravel plains and limestone plateau. Large herds were also present in the Near East. Some 6,000 years ago, they were captured and killed with the help of desert kites.[2] Rock art found in Jordan suggests that it was slaughtered ritually.[3]
Behaviour and ecologyedit
Its mating behaviour is polygynous and usually occurs in the early winter.[4] It runs at high speed, without the leaping, bounding gait seen in other gazelle species. Throughout much of its range, the goitered gazelle migrates seasonally.[1] Herds cover 10–30 km (6.2–18.6 mi) per day in the winter, with these distances being reduced to about 1–3 km (0.62–1.86 mi) in summer.
Taxonomyedit
Several subspecies have been described, and four forms are distinguished, which used to be treated as separate monotypic species.[5]Gazella marica was traditionally recognised as a subspecies, but has been identified as a species in 2011.[6][1]
Persian gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) subgutturosa) - southeastern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan
Turkmen gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) gracilicornis) - Kazakhstan (Buzachi) in the east to about Lake Balkash, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
Yarkand gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) yarkandensis) - northern and northwestern China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Gansu, Nei Monggol), Mongolia; includes subspecies hilleriana.
The Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica)[1] occurs in Saudi Arabia, southern Syria, southwestern Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Oman, offshore Persian Gulf islands.
Until recently, goitered gazelles were considered to represent a single, albeit polymorphic, species. However, recent genetic studies show one of the subspecies, G. s. marica, is paraphyletic in respect to the other populations of goitered gazelles,[6][7]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeIUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8976A50187422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8976A50187422.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Bar-Oz, G.; Zeder, M. & Hole, F. (2010). "Role of mass-kill hunting strategies in the extirpation of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in the northern Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (18): 7345–7350. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017647108. PMC3088574. PMID 21502520.
^Amos, J. (2011). "Gazelles caught in ancient Syrian 'killing zones'". BBC News. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
^Xia, C.; Liu, W.; Xu, W.; Yang, W.; Xu, F. & Blank, D. (2014). "The energy-maintenance strategy of goitered gazelles Gazella subgutturosa during rut". Behavioural Processes. 103: 5–8. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.10.009. PMID 24220795. S2CID 12173688.
^Groves, C.P. & Leslie, D.M. Jr. (2011). "Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants)". In Wilson, D.E. & Mittermeier, R.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions. pp. 585–588. ISBN978-84-96553-77-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ abWacher, T.; Wronski, T.; Hammond, R.L.; Winney, B.; Blacket, M.J.; Hundertmark, K.J.; Mohammed, O.B.; Omer, S.A.; Macasero, W.; Lerp, H.; Plath, M. & Bleidor, C. (2011). "Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 12: 827–831. doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0169-6. S2CID 40678328.
^Murtskhvaladze, M.; Gurielidze, Z.; Kopaliani, N. & Tarkhnishvili, D. (2012). "Gene introgression between Gazella subguturrosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes". Acta Theriologica. 12 (4): 827–831. doi:10.1007/s13364-012-0079-8. S2CID 17324903.
Blank, David (2006), , Wildscreen, archived from the original on 11 November 2013
February 16, 2024
goitered, gazelle, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Goitered gazelle news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa or black tailed gazelle is a gazelle native to Turkey Georgia Azerbaijan Iran parts of Iraq and Pakistan Afghanistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Kazakhstan and in northwestern China and Mongolia 1 The specific name meaning full below the throat refers to the male having an enlargement of the neck and throat during the mating season Goitered gazelleMale of the Persian subspecies G s subgutturosa at Korkeasaari Zoo in HelsinkiFemale goitered gazelle at the Shirvan National Park AzerbaijanConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ArtiodactylaFamily BovidaeSubfamily AntilopinaeTribe AntilopiniGenus GazellaSpecies G subgutturosaBinomial nameGazella subgutturosa Guldenstadt 1780 SubspeciesGazella subgutturosa subgutturosa Gazella subgutturosa hilleriana Gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Behaviour and ecology 3 Taxonomy 3 1 Former subspecies 4 References 5 External linksDistribution and habitat editThe goitered gazelle inhabits sands and gravel plains and limestone plateau Large herds were also present in the Near East Some 6 000 years ago they were captured and killed with the help of desert kites 2 Rock art found in Jordan suggests that it was slaughtered ritually 3 Behaviour and ecology editIts mating behaviour is polygynous and usually occurs in the early winter 4 It runs at high speed without the leaping bounding gait seen in other gazelle species Throughout much of its range the goitered gazelle migrates seasonally 1 Herds cover 10 30 km 6 2 18 6 mi per day in the winter with these distances being reduced to about 1 3 km 0 62 1 86 mi in summer Taxonomy editSeveral subspecies have been described and four forms are distinguished which used to be treated as separate monotypic species 5 Gazella marica was traditionally recognised as a subspecies but has been identified as a species in 2011 6 1 Persian gazelle Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa southeastern Turkey Azerbaijan Georgia Syria northern and eastern Iraq Iran southern Afghanistan western Pakistan Turkmen gazelle Gazella subgutturosa gracilicornis Kazakhstan Buzachi in the east to about Lake Balkash Turkmenistan Tajikistan Yarkand gazelle Gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis northern and northwestern China Xinjiang Qinghai Shaanxi Gansu Nei Monggol Mongolia includes subspecies hilleriana Former subspecies edit nbsp Sand gazelle Gazella marica at Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve United Arab EmiratesThe Arabian sand gazelle Gazella marica 1 occurs in Saudi Arabia southern Syria southwestern Iraq United Arab Emirates Oman offshore Persian Gulf islands Until recently goitered gazelles were considered to represent a single albeit polymorphic species However recent genetic studies show one of the subspecies G s marica is paraphyletic in respect to the other populations of goitered gazelles 6 7 References edit a b c d e IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2017 Gazella subgutturosa IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T8976A50187422 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T8976A50187422 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Bar Oz G Zeder M amp Hole F 2010 Role of mass kill hunting strategies in the extirpation of Persian gazelle Gazella subgutturosa in the northern Levant Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 18 7345 7350 doi 10 1073 pnas 1017647108 PMC 3088574 PMID 21502520 Amos J 2011 Gazelles caught in ancient Syrian killing zones BBC News Retrieved 19 April 2011 Xia C Liu W Xu W Yang W Xu F amp Blank D 2014 The energy maintenance strategy of goitered gazelles Gazella subgutturosa during rut Behavioural Processes 103 5 8 doi 10 1016 j beproc 2013 10 009 PMID 24220795 S2CID 12173688 Groves C P amp Leslie D M Jr 2011 Family Bovidae Hollow horned Ruminants In Wilson D E amp Mittermeier R A eds Handbook of the Mammals of the World Vol Volume 2 Hooved Mammals Lynx Edicions pp 585 588 ISBN 978 84 96553 77 4 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b Wacher T Wronski T Hammond R L Winney B Blacket M J Hundertmark K J Mohammed O B Omer S A Macasero W Lerp H Plath M amp Bleidor C 2011 Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species PDF Conservation Genetics 12 827 831 doi 10 1007 s10592 010 0169 6 S2CID 40678328 Murtskhvaladze M Gurielidze Z Kopaliani N amp Tarkhnishvili D 2012 Gene introgression between Gazella subguturrosa and G marica limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes Acta Theriologica 12 4 827 831 doi 10 1007 s13364 012 0079 8 S2CID 17324903 External links editGoitered gazelle at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Taxa from Wikispecies Blank David 2006 Goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa Wildscreen archived from the original on 11 November 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Goitered gazelle amp oldid 1204207442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
