The Gita Govinda (Sanskrit: गीतगोविन्दम्) is a work composed by the 12th-century Hindu poet, Jayadeva. It describes the relationship between Krishna, Radha and gopis (female cow herders) of Vrindavan.[1]
The Gita Govinda is organized into twelve chapters. Each chapter is further sub-divided into one or more divisions called prabandhas, totalling twenty-four in all. The prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights, called ashtapadis. The text also elaborates the eight moods of Heroine, the Ashta Nayika, which has been an inspiration for many compositions and choreographic works in Indian classical dances.[2] Musicians of Kerala have adapted the ashtapadis into a musical form performed in temples called sopana sangeetham.[3]
The work delineates the love of Krishna for Radha, the milkmaid, his faithlessness and subsequent return to her, and is taken as symbolical of the human soul's straying from its true allegiance but returning at length to the God which created it.[4]
The poem has been translated into most modern Indian languages and many European languages. There is a German rendering which Goethe read by F. H . van Dalberg. Dalberg's version was based on the English translation done by William Jones published in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta in 1792. A verse translation by the German poet Friedrich Rückert was begun in 1829 and revised according to the edited Sanskrit and Latin translations of C. Lassen in Bonn 1837. There's also another manuscript at the Guimet Museum in Paris in Devanagari script narrating the love between Krishna and Radha. This oblong work is printed on paper in nagari script on seven lines per page, and has a foliation located in the left margin on the reverse. It is made up of 36 folios. This volume is decorated with a snow crystal motif scattered throughout the text, a practice typical of the Indian publisher Baburam. This edition was produced in Calcutta in 1808, in imitation of the manuscripts; devoid of title page, it is accompanied by a colophon. The present binding, executed at the museum in 1991, constitutes a reproduction very faithful to its original appearance.[5]
Notable English translations are: Edwin Arnold's The Indian Song of Songs (1875); Sri Jayadevas Gita Govinda: The loves of Krisna and Radha (Bombay 1940) by George Keyt and Harold Peiris;[6] S. Lakshminarasimha Sastri The Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, Madras, 1956; Duncan Greenlee's Theosophical rendering The Song of the Divine, Madras, 1962; Monica Varma's transcreation The Gita Govinda of Jayadeva published by Writer's Workshop, Calcutta, 1968; Barbara Stoler Miller's Jayadeva'sGitagovinda : Love song of the Dark Lord published by Oxford University Press, Delhi,1978; Lee Siegel's Gitagovinda: Love Songs of Radha and Krishna published in the Clay Sanskrit series.
The first English translation of the Gita Govinda was written by Sir William Jones in 1792, where Cenduli (Kenduli Sasana) of Calinga (Kalinga, ancient Odisha) is referred to as the widely-believed to be the place of Jayadeva's origin and that the poet himself mentions this.[7] Since then, the Gita Govinda has been translated to many languages throughout the world, and is considered to be among the finest examples of Sanskrit poetry. Barbara Stoler Miller translated the book in 1977 as Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gita Govinda (ISBN0-231-11097-9). The book contains a foreword by John Stratton Hawley and includes extensive commentary on the verse and topic of the poem.[citation needed]
Music
Gita Govinda is one of the earliest musical texts in which the author indicates the exact raga (mode) and tala (rhythm) in which to sing each of the songs. These indications have been compiled below according to the ashtapadi number, based on the important ancient copies of the Gita Govinda and its commentaries such as Sarvangasundari Tika of Narayana Dasa (14th century), Dharanidhara's Tika (16th century), Jagannatha Mishra's Tika (16th century), Rasikapriya of Rana Kumbha (16th century) and Arthagobinda of Bajuri Dasa (17th century).[8]
^Datta, Amaresh, ed. (1988). "Gitagovinda". Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1414–1423. ISBN81-260-1194-7.
^. The Hindu. 14 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008.
^Shankar, Hari (April 1, 2019). "The Indigenous Music of Kerala, 'Sopana Sangeetham'". Retrieved January 7, 2023.
^"Original Edition of Jayadeva's pastoral work Gita Gobinda". guimet.fr/collections/tresors-de-la-bibliotheque/gitagovinda-imprime/.
^The lives of Keyt 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine by Tissa Devendra (Sunday Observer), Retrieved 22 October 2015
^Jones, William; Jones, Anna Maria Shipley (1799). The works of Sir William Jones. Vol. 1. University of California Libraries. London : G. G. and J. Robinson [etc.] p. 462.
^ abPanda, Dr. Gopal Chandra (1995). Sri Gita Gobinda Swara Lipi [Notated music of the Gita Govinda] (in Odia). Bhubaneswar: Smt. Bhagabati Panda.
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Gita Govinda
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English translation of the Gita Govinda
Shreegitagobinda O Mahakabi Shreejaydev : A Book
May 20, 2023
gita, govinda, 2018, film, geetha, govindam, sanskrit, तग, दम, work, composed, 12th, century, hindu, poet, jayadeva, describes, relationship, between, krishna, radha, gopis, female, herders, vrindavan, original, palm, leaf, manuscript, odisha, state, museuminf. For the 2018 film see Geetha Govindam The Gita Govinda Sanskrit ग तग व न दम is a work composed by the 12th century Hindu poet Jayadeva It describes the relationship between Krishna Radha and gopis female cow herders of Vrindavan 1 Gita GovindaOriginal palm leaf manuscript of the Gita Govinda in Odisha State MuseumInformationReligionHinduismAuthorJayadevaLanguageSanskritPeriod12th CEChapters12The Gita Govinda is organized into twelve chapters Each chapter is further sub divided into one or more divisions called prabandhas totalling twenty four in all The prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights called ashtapadis The text also elaborates the eight moods of Heroine the Ashta Nayika which has been an inspiration for many compositions and choreographic works in Indian classical dances 2 Musicians of Kerala have adapted the ashtapadis into a musical form performed in temples called sopana sangeetham 3 Contents 1 Summary 1 1 Chapters 2 Translations 3 Music 4 Gita Govinda at Museums 5 Publications 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSummary EditSee also Jayadeva and Works of Jayadeva Jayadeva worshipping Krishna and Radha The work delineates the love of Krishna for Radha the milkmaid his faithlessness and subsequent return to her and is taken as symbolical of the human soul s straying from its true allegiance but returning at length to the God which created it 4 Chapters Edit Samodadamodaram Exuberant Krishna Akleshakeshavam Blithesome Krishna Mugdhamadhusudanam Winsome Krishna Snigdhamadhusudanam Tender Krishna Sakaṅkṣa puṇdarikakṣham Passionate Krishna Dhrṣta vaikuṇṭa Audacious Krishna NagaranarayanaH Dexterous Krishna VilakṣyalakṣmipatiH Apologetic Krishna Mugdhadamukunda Unpretentious Krishna ChaturachaturbhujaH Tactful Krishna Sanandadamodaram Joyful Krishna SupritapitambaraH Exultant Krishna Translations Edit Handwritten palm leaf manuscript of Jayadeva s Gitagovinda by the medieval Odissi musician poet Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka of Paralakhemundi The poem has been translated into most modern Indian languages and many European languages There is a German rendering which Goethe read by F H van Dalberg Dalberg s version was based on the English translation done by William Jones published in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society Calcutta in 1792 A verse translation by the German poet Friedrich Ruckert was begun in 1829 and revised according to the edited Sanskrit and Latin translations of C Lassen in Bonn 1837 There s also another manuscript at the Guimet Museum in Paris in Devanagari script narrating the love between Krishna and Radha This oblong work is printed on paper in nagari script on seven lines per page and has a foliation located in the left margin on the reverse It is made up of 36 folios This volume is decorated with a snow crystal motif scattered throughout the text a practice typical of the Indian publisher Baburam This edition was produced in Calcutta in 1808 in imitation of the manuscripts devoid of title page it is accompanied by a colophon The present binding executed at the museum in 1991 constitutes a reproduction very faithful to its original appearance 5 Notable English translations are Edwin Arnold s The Indian Song of Songs 1875 Sri Jayadevas Gita Govinda The loves of Krisna and Radha Bombay 1940 by George Keyt and Harold Peiris 6 S Lakshminarasimha Sastri The Gita Govinda of Jayadeva Madras 1956 Duncan Greenlee s Theosophical rendering The Song of the Divine Madras 1962 Monica Varma s transcreation The Gita Govinda of Jayadeva published by Writer s Workshop Calcutta 1968 Barbara Stoler Miller s Jayadeva s Gitagovinda Love song of the Dark Lord published by Oxford University Press Delhi 1978 Lee Siegel s Gitagovinda Love Songs of Radha and Krishna published in the Clay Sanskrit series The first English translation of the Gita Govinda was written by Sir William Jones in 1792 where Cenduli Kenduli Sasana of Calinga Kalinga ancient Odisha is referred to as the widely believed to be the place of Jayadeva s origin and that the poet himself mentions this 7 Since then the Gita Govinda has been translated to many languages throughout the world and is considered to be among the finest examples of Sanskrit poetry Barbara Stoler Miller translated the book in 1977 as Love Song of the Dark Lord Jayadeva s Gita Govinda ISBN 0 231 11097 9 The book contains a foreword by John Stratton Hawley and includes extensive commentary on the verse and topic of the poem citation needed Music EditGita Govinda is one of the earliest musical texts in which the author indicates the exact raga mode and tala rhythm in which to sing each of the songs These indications have been compiled below according to the ashtapadi number based on the important ancient copies of the Gita Govinda and its commentaries such as Sarvangasundari Tika of Narayana Dasa 14th century Dharanidhara s Tika 16th century Jagannatha Mishra s Tika 16th century Rasikapriya of Rana Kumbha 16th century and Arthagobinda of Bajuri Dasa 17th century 8 Malava Malavagauḍa or Malavagauḍa Maṅgala Gujjari or Gurjari Basanta Ramakiri or Ramakeri Gujjari or Gurjari Guṇḍakiri or Guṇḍakeri or Malavagauḍa Gujjari or Gurjari Karṇṇaṭa Desakhya or Desakṣa Desi Baraḍi or Desa Baraḍi or Panchama Baraḍi Gujjari or Gurjari Guṇḍakiri or Guṇḍakeri Malava or Malavagauḍa Basanta Gujjari or Gurjari Baraḍi or Desa Baraḍi or Desi Baraḍi Bhairabi Gujjari or Gurjari or Ramakeri Desi or Desa Baraḍi Basanta Baraḍi or Desa Baraḍi Baraḍi Ramakiri or Ramakeri or Bibhasa Ramakiri or RamakeriMost of the ragas and talas indicated by Jayadeva with the exception of one or two continue to be in practice in the tradition of Odissi music 8 Gita Govinda at Museums Edit RasaLila by Krishna in Prem Mandir VrindavanVarious Gita Govinda Miniature paintings in museums National Museum New Delhi Honolulu Museum of Art Prince of Wales Museum Bombay Metropolitan Museum of art Indian Museum Calcutta Govt Museum and Art Gallery Chandigarh Rietberg Museum Guimet MuseumPublications Editin EnglishLove Song of the Dark Lord Jayadeva s Gitagovinda Translated by Barbara Stoler Miller New York Columbia University Press 1977 ISBN 0231040288 In Praise of Krishna Gita Govinda of Jayadeva Translated by Durgadas Mukhopadhyay Delhi B R Publishing 1990 See also Edit Poetry portalWorks of Jayadeva Achyuta Shataka Mukundamala Madhura AshtakaReferences Edit Datta Amaresh ed 1988 Gitagovinda Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature Devraj to Jyoti Vol 2 New Delhi Sahitya Akademi pp 1414 1423 ISBN 81 260 1194 7 Learn the lingo The Hindu 14 September 2007 Archived from the original on 12 February 2008 Shankar Hari April 1 2019 The Indigenous Music of Kerala Sopana Sangeetham Retrieved January 7 2023 Rines George Edwin ed 1920 Jayadeva Encyclopedia Americana Original Edition of Jayadeva s pastoral work Gita Gobinda guimet fr collections tresors de la bibliotheque gitagovinda imprime The lives of Keyt Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine by Tissa Devendra Sunday Observer Retrieved 22 October 2015 Jones William Jones Anna Maria Shipley 1799 The works of Sir William Jones Vol 1 University of California Libraries London G G and J Robinson etc p 462 a b Panda Dr Gopal Chandra 1995 Sri Gita Gobinda Swara Lipi Notated music of the Gita Govinda in Odia Bhubaneswar Smt Bhagabati Panda External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gita Govinda Wikisource has original text related to this article Gita Govinda Wikisource has original text related to this article English translation of the Gita Govinda Shreegitagobinda O Mahakabi Shreejaydev A Book The Gita Govinda a Multimedia Presentation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gita Govinda amp oldid 1154415038, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
