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Gilleleje

Gilleleje (Danish pronunciation: [kiləˈlɑjə]) is a fishing town and seaside resort on the north coast of the peninsula North Zealand, Denmark. The town is located at the northernmost point of the island of Zealand. It is one of the main towns of the Gribskov municipality in Region Hovedstaden in Denmark. As of 1 January 2022, it has a population of 6,781.[1]

Gilleleje
Town
Boats in the Gilleleje inner harbour
Gilleleje
Location in Denmark
Gilleleje
Gilleleje (Capital Region)
Coordinates: 56°07′N 12°19′E / 56.117°N 12.317°E / 56.117; 12.317
CountryDenmark
RegionCapital (Hovedstaden)
MunicipalityGribskov
Area
 • Urban
5.36 km2 (2.07 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Urban
6,781
 • Urban density1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
 • Gender [2]
3,223 males and 3,558 females
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
DK-3250 Gilleleje

Etymology

 
Fishing boats in Gilleleje harbor

The name Gilleleje is made up from the combination of the obsolete Danish word gil, which is a crevice or cleft, and leje, which is a place where fishermen come in specific seasons to fish. It was probably concatenated from Gilbjerg Leje, where Gilbjerg ("cleftmountain") is a rather dramatic name for a rather mundane point just west of town limits. The towns ending in -leje are often from the 16th century, when the fishermen actually settled and regular townships appeared. Compare with the Swedish ending läge.[citation needed]

History

Fishing village

The earliest confirmed permanent residence in Gilleleje is in the early 16th century. An excavation, done in 1979 by the city museum, revealed a lot from a house under the layers of sand. The house had most likely been built shortly after 1536, as a coin was found, dated 1534-36. There were also found ceramics reminiscent of other finds, so the archeologists assumed that the culture layer was from the late 15th century. Additionally, the house was found on the address Fabersvej 10 which is not the closest to the beach, and the habit was to build from the beach and inwards.

 
Gilleleje church was inaugurated in 1538.

At around this time, it is also known that the village had enough financial means to build a church and hire a priest. This required considerable funds, and the general consensus, then, is that the township went from seasonal fishing to year-round fishing, and the fishermen settled down in the years surrounding 1500. Town hall has established 1488 as the "official" founding year to make celebrating easier. The church was inaugurated in 1538 by the newly ordained priest Hans Lauridtzen.

In 1588, the vassal of Kronborg made a list of the taxes that the fishermen should pay. This was one or a half barrel of cod. From this list, we can see who the earliest citizens were. There are about 70 names (a name is analogous to a house - there were probably about 500 citizens), with the surnames Lauritsen, Rasmussen, Jensen and Skomager being the most common. Note that patronymic surnames were the norm then, but from this, it gives an impression of what first names were in vogue among the citizens.

Aside from the fishing, the taxes allowed people to grow various types of crops south of the town, such as wheat. There was also a pasture, on which there were many cows and sheep. Most of the town was on the eastern side of the stream that came from Søborg ("Lakecastle" - ironically, the lake has since been drained and the castle is now a ruin) in the south and went out in the ocean just east of the drying grounds.

Unfortunately, the influx of fishermen made hard on the fishing, and several families could not catch enough fish to both sustain a living and pay the taxes. In 1632, only 18 families were left. This stabilized the conditions somewhat, and in 1682, the number was up to 30, according to the records of Christian V. A new problem was present, though. The shifting sand would bury boats and nets, and had to be shoveled away, delaying the real work somewhat. Part of the eastern side of the town was even deserted as a few houses had gradually been buried under dunes.

South of the town was Nellerupgård, the local manor, home to Carl Christian Lembach and Catrine Marie Milan (a descendant of Gabriel Milan) in the late 18th century. They owned most of the land in the area, especially after extracting "their" parts of the common pasture, letting the common citizens get the furthermost areas.

Fishing town and seaside resort

 
Map of Gilleleje in 1860.

During the 1810s and 20s, the city expanded a lot, and many new houses were built in the eastern area that had once been abandoned. A real harbor was built in 1873, where the drying ground had been. This meant larger ships and thus more jobs, making more people move to the town. In 1890, the town was at 865 households, 112 of which were fishermen. In 1896, Gilleleje was connected with the Danish rail network as the Græsted–Gilleleje section of the Gribskov railway line between Hillerød and Gilleleje opened. The outer harbor was finished in 1902, and in 1916 Gilleleje was connected with Elsinore as the Hornbæk-Gilleleje section of the Hornbæk railway line was opened.[3]

At the same time, Gilleleje developed into a seaside resort that attracted a large number of holidaymakers every year. At the turn of the century, the town thus contained a guest house, a bathing hotel, many villas, a sanatorium and recreation homes.[4]

World War II

 
Commemorative tile, designed by Danish artist Gerda Thune Andersen, on the floor at the entrance to the church. The Hebrew inscription is a quote from the book of Numbers (6, 24-26): "יברכך ה' וישמרך" ("The LORD bless you and take care of you")

Gilleleje continued to thrive on its fishing until 1941 when Nazi-Germany occupied Denmark. Like most other Danes at the time, the Gillelejere were against the oppression and helped the Jews by hiding them various places in the town. However, on 2 October 1943, the Gestapo set out to capture all Danish Jews. The Jews in Gilleleje were hidden on the church-loft, and the fishermen prepared for taking them across the sound to Sweden in their cutters. They could not leave immediately, though, because of the German patrols in the street. After several days of hiding, an informer let the Germans know where the roughly 75 Jews were hiding, and they were all captured, bar a single boy who hid behind a gravestone in the cemetery. According to local lore, the priest was so mortified by the situation that he never really became normal again.

A memorable exchange resulted after the Gestapo seized Jewish families in the town. "The poor Jews!" exclaimed one villager to a Gestapo officer. When the German responded that it was "written in the Bible that this shall be their fate,” the villager retorted, “but it is not written that it has to happen in Gilleleje.” [5]

After the occupation was over, several memorials have been put up in the town, both commemorating the Jews and the fishermen who lost their lives when colliding with sea mines.

Post-war period

 
Aerial photo of Gilleleje before 1950.

The eastern areas (called Stæremosen - "Starling moor") that had been used for pasture became the industrial area in and around 1950, creating more jobs, meaning more newcomers.

Economy

Gilleleje harbor is the 5th largest commercial fishing harbor in Denmark.

Transportation

Railway stations

The Hornbæk railway line connects Gilleleje with Helsingør and the Gribskov railway line connects Gilleleje with Hillerød. Gilleleje railway station is the principal railway station of the town. The town is also served by the railway halts Gilleleje East, Stæremosen and Fjellenstrup.

Notable people

  • Holger Jacobsen (1876–1960) a Danish architect, designed his own summer house in Gilleleje in 1919
  • Dina Birte Al-Erhayem (1975–2019) a Danish actress with an Iraqi background, raised in Gilleleje [6]
  • Christine Milton (born 1985) a Danish pop singer, songwriter and professional dancer, raised in Gilleleje [7]

Bibliography

  • Johannes Steenstrup, De Danske Stednavne (1918)
  • Palle Lauring, Her Skete Det 1: Sjælland (1969)
  • Various authors, Gilleleje: 1488 - 1988 (1988)

See also

References

Hope: Entwined with a Lock of Hair. — Naomi Benaron

  1. ^ a b BY3: Population 1. January by rural and urban areas, area and population density The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark
  2. ^ BY1: Population 1. January by urban areas, age and sex The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark
  3. ^ . lokaltog.dk (in Danish). Lokaltog A/S. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  4. ^ J.P. Trap, ed. (1898). Kongeriget Danmark (in Danish). Vol. 2nd: Frederiksborg, Kjøbenhavns, Holbæk, Sorø og Præstø Amter (3 ed.). København. p. 88.
  5. ^ 'Denmark in the Holocaust,' by Michael Ignatieff in The New Republic
  6. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 26 June 2020
  7. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 26 June 2020

External links

Coordinates: 56°07′N 12°19′E / 56.117°N 12.317°E / 56.117; 12.317

gilleleje, danish, pronunciation, kiləˈlɑjə, fishing, town, seaside, resort, north, coast, peninsula, north, zealand, denmark, town, located, northernmost, point, island, zealand, main, towns, gribskov, municipality, region, hovedstaden, denmark, january, 2022. Gilleleje Danish pronunciation kileˈlɑje is a fishing town and seaside resort on the north coast of the peninsula North Zealand Denmark The town is located at the northernmost point of the island of Zealand It is one of the main towns of the Gribskov municipality in Region Hovedstaden in Denmark As of 1 January 2022 it has a population of 6 781 1 GillelejeTownBoats in the Gilleleje inner harbourGillelejeLocation in DenmarkShow map of DenmarkGillelejeGilleleje Capital Region Show map of Capital RegionCoordinates 56 07 N 12 19 E 56 117 N 12 317 E 56 117 12 317CountryDenmarkRegionCapital Hovedstaden MunicipalityGribskovArea Urban5 36 km2 2 07 sq mi Population 2022 1 Urban6 781 Urban density1 300 km2 3 300 sq mi Gender 2 3 223 males and 3 558 femalesTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal codeDK 3250 Gilleleje Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Fishing village 2 2 Fishing town and seaside resort 2 3 World War II 2 4 Post war period 3 Economy 4 Transportation 4 1 Railway stations 5 Notable people 6 Bibliography 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksEtymology Edit Fishing boats in Gilleleje harbor The name Gilleleje is made up from the combination of the obsolete Danish word gil which is a crevice or cleft and leje which is a place where fishermen come in specific seasons to fish It was probably concatenated from Gilbjerg Leje where Gilbjerg cleftmountain is a rather dramatic name for a rather mundane point just west of town limits The towns ending in leje are often from the 16th century when the fishermen actually settled and regular townships appeared Compare with the Swedish ending lage citation needed History EditFishing village Edit The earliest confirmed permanent residence in Gilleleje is in the early 16th century An excavation done in 1979 by the city museum revealed a lot from a house under the layers of sand The house had most likely been built shortly after 1536 as a coin was found dated 1534 36 There were also found ceramics reminiscent of other finds so the archeologists assumed that the culture layer was from the late 15th century Additionally the house was found on the address Fabersvej 10 which is not the closest to the beach and the habit was to build from the beach and inwards Gilleleje church was inaugurated in 1538 At around this time it is also known that the village had enough financial means to build a church and hire a priest This required considerable funds and the general consensus then is that the township went from seasonal fishing to year round fishing and the fishermen settled down in the years surrounding 1500 Town hall has established 1488 as the official founding year to make celebrating easier The church was inaugurated in 1538 by the newly ordained priest Hans Lauridtzen In 1588 the vassal of Kronborg made a list of the taxes that the fishermen should pay This was one or a half barrel of cod From this list we can see who the earliest citizens were There are about 70 names a name is analogous to a house there were probably about 500 citizens with the surnames Lauritsen Rasmussen Jensen and Skomager being the most common Note that patronymic surnames were the norm then but from this it gives an impression of what first names were in vogue among the citizens Aside from the fishing the taxes allowed people to grow various types of crops south of the town such as wheat There was also a pasture on which there were many cows and sheep Most of the town was on the eastern side of the stream that came from Soborg Lakecastle ironically the lake has since been drained and the castle is now a ruin in the south and went out in the ocean just east of the drying grounds Unfortunately the influx of fishermen made hard on the fishing and several families could not catch enough fish to both sustain a living and pay the taxes In 1632 only 18 families were left This stabilized the conditions somewhat and in 1682 the number was up to 30 according to the records of Christian V A new problem was present though The shifting sand would bury boats and nets and had to be shoveled away delaying the real work somewhat Part of the eastern side of the town was even deserted as a few houses had gradually been buried under dunes South of the town was Nellerupgard the local manor home to Carl Christian Lembach and Catrine Marie Milan a descendant of Gabriel Milan in the late 18th century They owned most of the land in the area especially after extracting their parts of the common pasture letting the common citizens get the furthermost areas Fishing town and seaside resort Edit Map of Gilleleje in 1860 During the 1810s and 20s the city expanded a lot and many new houses were built in the eastern area that had once been abandoned A real harbor was built in 1873 where the drying ground had been This meant larger ships and thus more jobs making more people move to the town In 1890 the town was at 865 households 112 of which were fishermen In 1896 Gilleleje was connected with the Danish rail network as the Graested Gilleleje section of the Gribskov railway line between Hillerod and Gilleleje opened The outer harbor was finished in 1902 and in 1916 Gilleleje was connected with Elsinore as the Hornbaek Gilleleje section of the Hornbaek railway line was opened 3 At the same time Gilleleje developed into a seaside resort that attracted a large number of holidaymakers every year At the turn of the century the town thus contained a guest house a bathing hotel many villas a sanatorium and recreation homes 4 World War II Edit Commemorative tile designed by Danish artist Gerda Thune Andersen on the floor at the entrance to the church The Hebrew inscription is a quote from the book of Numbers 6 24 26 יברכך ה וישמרך The LORD bless you and take care of you Gilleleje continued to thrive on its fishing until 1941 when Nazi Germany occupied Denmark Like most other Danes at the time the Gillelejere were against the oppression and helped the Jews by hiding them various places in the town However on 2 October 1943 the Gestapo set out to capture all Danish Jews The Jews in Gilleleje were hidden on the church loft and the fishermen prepared for taking them across the sound to Sweden in their cutters They could not leave immediately though because of the German patrols in the street After several days of hiding an informer let the Germans know where the roughly 75 Jews were hiding and they were all captured bar a single boy who hid behind a gravestone in the cemetery According to local lore the priest was so mortified by the situation that he never really became normal again A memorable exchange resulted after the Gestapo seized Jewish families in the town The poor Jews exclaimed one villager to a Gestapo officer When the German responded that it was written in the Bible that this shall be their fate the villager retorted but it is not written that it has to happen in Gilleleje 5 After the occupation was over several memorials have been put up in the town both commemorating the Jews and the fishermen who lost their lives when colliding with sea mines Post war period Edit Aerial photo of Gilleleje before 1950 The eastern areas called Staeremosen Starling moor that had been used for pasture became the industrial area in and around 1950 creating more jobs meaning more newcomers Economy EditGilleleje harbor is the 5th largest commercial fishing harbor in Denmark Transportation EditRailway stations Edit Gilleleje railway station The Hornbaek railway line connects Gilleleje with Helsingor and the Gribskov railway line connects Gilleleje with Hillerod Gilleleje railway station is the principal railway station of the town The town is also served by the railway halts Gilleleje East Staeremosen and Fjellenstrup Notable people EditHolger Jacobsen 1876 1960 a Danish architect designed his own summer house in Gilleleje in 1919 Dina Birte Al Erhayem 1975 2019 a Danish actress with an Iraqi background raised in Gilleleje 6 Christine Milton born 1985 a Danish pop singer songwriter and professional dancer raised in Gilleleje 7 Bibliography EditJohannes Steenstrup De Danske Stednavne 1918 Palle Lauring Her Skete Det 1 Sjaelland 1969 Various authors Gilleleje 1488 1988 1988 See also EditRagelejeReferences EditHope Entwined with a Lock of Hair Naomi Benaron a b BY3 Population 1 January by rural and urban areas area and population density The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark BY1 Population 1 January by urban areas age and sex The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark Fakta om Lokaltogs straekninger lokaltog dk in Danish Lokaltog A S Archived from the original on 22 October 2016 Retrieved 20 July 2016 J P Trap ed 1898 Kongeriget Danmark in Danish Vol 2nd Frederiksborg Kjobenhavns Holbaek Soro og Praesto Amter 3 ed Kobenhavn p 88 Denmark in the Holocaust by Michael Ignatieff in The New Republic IMDb Database retrieved 26 June 2020 IMDb Database retrieved 26 June 2020External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gilleleje Gilleleje ByNet Archived 2006 01 07 at the Wayback MachineCoordinates 56 07 N 12 19 E 56 117 N 12 317 E 56 117 12 317 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gilleleje amp oldid 1117238891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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