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Spiritual gift

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Chrism.
For the gifts listed in Isaiah 11:2–3, see Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. For how Mormonism looks at spiritual gifts, see Gifts of the Spirit in Mormonism.

A spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα charisma, plural: χαρίσματα charismata) is an extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit.[2][3] These are believed by followers to be supernatural graces that individual Christians need to fulfill the mission of the Church.[4][5] In the narrowest sense, it is a theological term for the extraordinary graces given to individual Christians for the good of others and is distinguished from the graces given for personal sanctification, such as the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of the Holy Spirit.[1]

The term charism denotes any good gift that flows from God's benevolent love.[1]

These abilities, often termed "charismatic gifts", are the word of knowledge, increased faith, the gifts of healing, the gift of miracles, prophecy, the discernment of spirits, kinds of tongues, interpretation of tongues. To these are added the gifts of apostles, prophets, teachers, helps (connected to service of the poor and sick), and governments (or leadership ability) which are connected with certain offices in the Church. These gifts are given by the Holy Spirit to individuals, but their purpose is to build up the entire Church.[1] They are described in the New Testament, primarily in 1 Corinthians 12,[6] 13 and 14, Romans 12,[7] and Ephesians 4.[8] 1 Peter 4[9] also touches on the spiritual gifts.[2]

The gifts are related to both seemingly "natural" abilities and seemingly more "miraculous" abilities, empowered by the Holy Spirit.[5] The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue (Cessationism versus Continuationism).

Biblical and theological overview edit

The New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts, most in the Pauline epistles. While each list is unique, there is overlap.

Romans 12:6–8 1 Corinthians 12:8–10 1 Corinthians 12:28–30 Ephesians 4:11 1 Peter 4:11
  1. Prophecy
  2. Serving
  3. Teaching
  4. Exhortation
  5. Giving
  6. Leadership
  7. Mercy
  1. Word of wisdom
  2. Word of knowledge
  3. Faith
  4. Gifts of healings
  5. Miracles
  6. Prophecy
  7. Distinguishing between spirits
  8. Tongues
  9. Interpretation of tongues
  1. Apostle
  2. Prophet
  3. Teacher
  4. Miracles
  5. Kinds of healings
  6. Helps
  7. Administration
  8. Tongues
  1. Apostle
  2. Prophet
  3. Evangelist
  4. Pastor
  5. Teacher
  1. Whoever speaks
  2. Whoever renders service[10]

Christians believe that the charismata were foretold in the Book of Joel (2:28) and promised by Christ (Gospel of Mark 16:17–18). This promise was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost and elsewhere as the church spread. In order to correct abuses concerning the spiritual gifts at Corinth, Paul devoted much attention to spiritual gifts in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (chapters 12–14).[1]

In 1 Corinthians 12, two Greek terms are translated as "spiritual gifts". In verse 1, the word pneumatika ("spirituals" or "things of the Spirit") is used. In verse 4, charisma is used. This word is derived from the word charis, which means "grace". In verses 5 and 6, the words diakonia (translated "administrations", "ministries", or "service") and energemata ("operations" or "inworkings") are used in describing the nature of the spiritual gifts. In verse 7, the term "manifestation (phanerosis) of the Spirit" is used.[11]

From these scriptural passages, Christians understand the spiritual gifts to be enablements or capacities that are divinely bestowed upon individuals. Because they are freely given by God, these cannot be earned or merited.[12] Though worked through individuals, these are operations or manifestations of the Holy Spirit—not of the gifted person. They are to be used for the benefit of others, and in a sense they are granted to the church as a whole more than they are given to individuals. There is diversity in their distribution—an individual will not possess all of the gifts.[11] The purpose of the spiritual gifts is to edify (build up), exhort (encourage), and comfort the church.[13]

It is generally acknowledged[by whom?] that Paul did not list all of the gifts of the Spirit,[1] and many[quantify] believe that there are as many gifts as there are needs in the body of Christ.[14] The gifts have at times been organized into distinct categories based on their similarities and differences to other gifts. Some divide them into three categories using Old Testament offices. "Prophetic" gifts include any gift involving teaching, encouraging, or rebuking others. "Priestly" gifts include showing mercy and care for the needy or involve intercession before God. "Kingly" gifts are those involving church administration or government.[15] Others categorize them into "gifts of knowledge" (word of wisdom, word of knowledge, distinguishing between spirits), "gifts of speech" (tongues, interpretation, prophecy), and "gifts of power" (faith, healing, miracles).[16] The gifts have also been categorized as those that promote the inner growth of the church (apostle, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits, teaching, word of wisdom/knowledge, helps, and administration) and those that promote the church's outer development (faith, miracles, healing, tongues, interpretation of tongues).[1]

Proponents of cessationism distinguish between the "extraordinary", "miraculous", or "sign" gifts (such as prophecy, tongues, and healing) and the other gifts.[17] Cessationism is held by some Protestants, especially from the Calvinist tradition, who believe that miraculous gifts and their operations were limited to early Christianity and "ceased" afterward.[18] Other Protestants, including Lutheran,[19] Methodist,[20] Pentecostals and charismatics, adhere to the continuationist position, believing that all the spiritual gifts are distributed among Christians by the Holy Spirit and that they are normative in contemporary Christendom. In addition, Roman Catholicism[21] and the Eastern Orthodox Church also continue to believe in and make use of all of the spiritual gifts.

Descriptions edit

Apostle: The title apostle comes from the Greek word apostolos which means "a messenger, one sent forth with orders".[22] It refers to one who has been delegated authority by another in a foreign land.[23] Apostles were the first leaders of the Church; they were commissioned by Jesus to initiate and direct the preaching of the gospel. While many Christians agree that the title of apostle is reserved for those among the first generation of Christians, many Christian denominations continue in one way or another to recognize a continuing apostolic ministry. Many churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, believe in the doctrine of apostolic succession, which holds that properly ordained bishops are the successors to the apostles. Only bishops have the charism certain of the truth[24] (in Latin: charisma veritatis certum[25]), which is the faculty to establish undoubtedly a truth in matter of faith or morality or concerning the Holy Scripture. Other Christian groups, such as classical Pentecostals, consider the role of a missionary to be fulfilling an apostolic ministry.[26] There are some Christians, however, who advocate restoring the Fivefold ministry, including the formal recognition of the office of apostle. Others would say that the office no longer exists.[27]

Prophet: In the New Testament, the office of prophet is to equip the saints for the work of service through exhortation, edification, and consolation (1 Corinthians 12:28; 1 Corinthians 14:3 Ephesians 4:11).[28] The prophet's corresponding gift is prophecy. Prophecy is "reporting something that God spontaneously brings to your mind".[29] Many, particularly Pentecostals and charismatics, distinguish between the "office of prophet" and the "gift of prophecy", believing that a Christian can possess the gift of prophecy without holding the prophetic office.[30]

Prophecy has been addressed to the human understanding “he who prophesies speaks to men,” Cor 14:1-25. The prophet “edifies the church” (14:4).[31]

Evangelist: An evangelist is one who devotes himself to preaching the gospel. In the New Testament, evangelists preached from city to city, church to church.[32]

Pastor: This term derives from a Greek word for "shepherd". In theory pastors are gifted to lead, guide, and set an example for other Christians. The grammatical structure of Ephesians 4:11 leads many to conclude that teacher and pastor should be considered one term (pastor-teacher). Even so, the two terms are not interchangeable; while all pastors are teachers, not all teachers are pastors. Pastoral Gifts include integrity and compassion.[33]

Teacher: Someone who devotes his or her life to preaching and teaching the Christian faith. When teaching is provided for the Church by God, two gifts are actually given—to the Church is given a teacher and along with the teacher comes a divine capacity to teach.[34]

Service: The word translated as "ministry" is diakonia, which can also be translated "service".[34] Since there are many types of ministries and service to the Church, this then describes a broad array of gifts rather than a single gift.

Exhortation: The ability to motivate Christians "to patient endurance, brotherly love, and good works".[35]

Giving: Those with this gift share their own possessions with others with extraordinary generosity. While all Christians should be givers, those possessing this gift will go beyond this normal giving.[35]

Leading: This gift speaks to the various leadership roles found in the Church. While many think of roles such as administration, management of funds, strategy planning, etc. as functions outside of the supernatural realm, in reality individuals in these positions are just as in need of supernatural empowerment as are ministers of the gospel.[36] Some writers consider the gifts of governments and leading to be the same gift, but others consider them closely related yet different.

Mercy: Possibly identical to the gift of helps, the mercy-shower possesses a ministry of visitation, prayer, and compassion to the poor and sick.[36]

Word of wisdom: An utterance or message of wisdom supernaturally granted to an individual. For Paul, wisdom refers to "the knowledge of the great Christian mysteries: the Incarnation, Passion, and Resurrection of Christ, and the indwelling in the believer of the Spirit of God (1 Corinthians 2; Ephesians 1:17)".[1]

Word of knowledge: The knowledge referred to is often said to relate to understanding Christian doctrine or scriptural truth.[1] It is sometimes said to be connected with the ministry of teachers.

Faith: This refers to that strong or special faith "which removes mountains, casts out devils (Matthew 17:19–20), and faces the most cruel martyrdom without flinching".[1] It is distinguished from the "saving" and "normal" Christian faith.[37]

Gifts of healings: The ability to supernaturally minister healing to others. The plural indicates the variety of sickness healed and the many forms the gift takes, such as healing by anointing with oil, by the laying on of hands, by saying the name of Jesus or by the sign of the cross.[1]

Working of miracles: The performance of deeds beyond ordinary human ability by the power of the Holy Spirit.[1]

Visions. An outpouring of this gift is prophesied in Joel 2:28 and Acts 2:17 shows that early Christians believed this prophecy was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost. Visions tend to be more private experiences than the other gifts. Some researchers expand the definition of visions to include a strongly felt presence.[38]

Discerning of spirits: The capacity to discern, distinguish, or to discriminate the source of a spiritual manifestation—whether it emanates from a good or evil spirit. It seemed to have been particularly associated with prophecy as it would be necessary to know whether a prophetic utterance was truly inspired by God.[1][39]

Tongues: The supernatural ability of speaking an unlearned language.[1] Paul seems to have distinguished between the public use of the gift (which must always be interpreted) and the private use which was for the spiritual strengthening of oneself.[40] Currently among Christians there is a dispute as to whether tongues were/are always xenoglossy (speaking an unlearned human language) or whether it also included/includes glossolalia (speaking an unlearned and allegedly non-human language of heavenly or angelic origin).

Interpretation of tongues: This gift ought always follow the public exercise of the gift of tongues.[1] In 1 Corinthians 14, the Apostle Paul required that all speech in Christian worship should be intelligible. This required that speech given in an unknown tongue be interpreted in the common language of the gathered Christians.

Helps: This gift has to do with service to the sick and the poor.[1] Possessors of this gift have a "spiritual burden and a God-given love for the needy and afflicted".[41]

Administration: Also called the gift of governing,[1] the Greek word translated "governments" is kubernesis, the verb form of which means "to steer" or "to be a helmsman". This gift then refers to the God-given capacity to lead or guide the Church through storms and difficult seas.[41]

Other spiritual gifts edit

While not specifically defined as spiritual gifts in the Bible, other abilities and capacities have been considered as spiritual gifts by some Christians. Some are found in the New Testament such as:

Others are found in the Old Testament such as:

  • craftsmanship (such as the special abilities given to artisans who constructed the Tabernacle in Exodus 35:30–33)[44]
  • interpretation of dreams (e.g. Joseph and Daniel) in Genesis 43-50, Daniel 2
  • composing spiritual music, poetry, and prose[44]

Social meaning edit

The word is also used in secular circumstances within social psychology. In that context, charism is defined as personal influence on other people individually or as a group.

Religious orders (including Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran and Methodist) use the word "charism" to describe their spiritual orientation and any special characteristics of their mission or values that might be exhibited as a result of the vows that they have taken and the orientation of the order to which they belong. An example might be the works of a teaching order compared to that of a missionary order or one devoted to the care of the poor or the sick and those in need of help.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wilhelm, Joseph (1908). "Charismata". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. III. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Spiritual gifts". A Dictionary of the Bible by W. R. F. Browning. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 June 2011.
  3. ^ "charisma". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins.
  4. ^ "Charismata". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Zondervan, 1994): 1016–17.
  6. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: 1 Corinthians 12 – New International Version". Bible Gateway. from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
  7. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Romans 12 – New International Version". Bible Gateway. from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
  8. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Ephesians 4 – New International Version". Bible Gateway. from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
  9. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: 1 Peter 4 – New International Version". Bible Gateway. from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
  10. ^ Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Zondervan, 1994): 1020.
  11. ^ a b Guy P. Duffield and Nathaniel M. Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, 1983, (Los Angeles: Foursquare Media, 2008), pp. 332–33.
  12. ^ "Spiritual Gifts, Natural Talents Abilities, Fruit of Spirit". mintools.com. from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  13. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 334.
  14. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 335.
  15. ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1021.
  16. ^ Sumrall, Lester "The Gifts of the Holy Spirit" p. 25 Aug 2000
  17. ^ Easton, Matthew George. "Gifts, spiritual" 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Machine. Easton's Bible Dictionary. 1897. Accessed June 22, 2011.
  18. ^ Ruthven, Jon. On the Cessation of the Charismata: The Protestant Polemic on Post-Biblical Miracles 2009-03-19 at the Wayback Machine. Deo Press, 1993, rev. 2008. pp. 3, 7. Accessed June 27, 2011.
  19. ^ . Peace Lutheran Church. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  20. ^ . The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  21. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 799–800 2011-10-19 at the Wayback Machine.
  22. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 351.
  23. ^ Coppieters, Honoré (1907). "Apostles". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  24. ^ "The Discernment needed to judge chastisement and conversion". April 14, 2020. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022.
  25. ^ International Theological Commission (2012). "La teologia oggi: prospettive, principi e criteri" [Theology Today: Perspectives, Principia and Criteria]. Holy See (in Italian and English). from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2023-01-15. (at n°. 33)
  26. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 353.
  27. ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1031 note 21.
  28. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 353–54.
  29. ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1024.
  30. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 336, 351–52.
  31. ^ Fall 1983, Bert Dominy | Southwestern Journal of Theology Vol 26-. "Paul and Spiritual Gifts: Reflections on 1 Corinthians 12-14 | Preaching Source". from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 356–57.
  33. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 357–58.
  34. ^ a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 347–48.
  35. ^ a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 348–49.
  36. ^ a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 349–50.
  37. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 336–37.
  38. ^ Kavan, Heather (2013). "A psychodynamic interpretation of gender differences in descriptions of religious visions". The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society. 2 (2): 77–87. doi:10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/v02i02/50994.
  39. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 340–41.
  40. ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 345.
  41. ^ a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 343.
  42. ^ See for example "Stephen Vantassel, "Celibacy: The Forgotten Gift of the Spirit," Journal of Biblical Counseling. 12, no. 3 (1994): 20–23"[permanent dead link], 10 January 2008
  43. ^ https://www.kentuckytoday.com/stories/entity-leaders-reflect-on-how-covid-19-has-changed-the-southern-baptist-convention,31057 2021-06-16 at the Wayback Machine "Entity leaders reflect on how COVID-19 has changed the Southern Baptist Convention"
  44. ^ a b c d e Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 358–59.
  45. ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1020.

Further reading edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Catholic Encyclopedia: Charismata
  • Grudem, Wayne A. (editor). Are Miraculous Gifts for Today? Zondervan, 1996. ISBN 978-0-310-20155-7. Four authors each provide four viewpoints concerning spiritual gifts: Cessationist, "Open But Cautious", Third Wave, and Pentecostal/Charismatic.
  • Bullock, Warren D. When the Spirit Speaks: Making Sense Out of Tongues, Interpretation, and Prophecy. Gospel Publishing House, 2009. ISBN 0-88243-284-2.
  • Carter, Howard (1968). Spiritual Gifts and Their Operation. Missouri: Gospel Publishing House. ISBN 0-88243-593-0.
  • Deere, Jack. Surprised by the Power of the Spirit. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993. ISBN 978-0-310-21127-3.
  • Deere, Jack. Surprised by the Voice of God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. ISBN 978-0-310-22558-4.
  • Greig, Gary and Springer, Kevin (eds.). The Kingdom and the Power: Are Healing and the Spiritual Gifts Used By Jesus and the Early Church Meant for the Church Today? Ventura, CA: Gospel Light, 1993 (thorough and practical). ISBN 978-0-8307-1659-3.
  • Hurst, Randy (editor). Divine Order: Leading the Public Use of Spiritual Gifts. Gospel Publishing House, 2009.
  • Lim, David. "Spiritual Gifts" in Systematic Theology, A Pentecostal Perspective revised edition, edited by Stanley M. Horton. Springfield, MO: Logion Press, 1994. ISBN 0-88243-855-7.
  • Wagner, C. Peter. Discover Your Spiritual Gifts: The Easy-To-Use, Self-Guided Questionnaire That Helps You Identify and Understand Your Various God-Given Spiritual Gifts, expanded edition. Regal, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8307-3678-2.
  • Wimber, John and Springer, Kevin. Power Evangelism, revised and enlarged edition. Regal, 2009 (originally 1986). ISBN 978-0-8307-4796-2.

January 01, 1970
spiritual, gift, confused, with, chrism, gifts, listed, isaiah, seven, gifts, holy, spirit, mormonism, looks, spiritual, gifts, gifts, spirit, mormonism, spiritual, gift, charism, plural, charisms, charismata, greek, singular, χάρισμα, charisma, plural, χαρίσμ. Not to be confused with Chrism For the gifts listed in Isaiah 11 2 3 see Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit For how Mormonism looks at spiritual gifts see Gifts of the Spirit in Mormonism A spiritual gift or charism plural charisms or charismata in Greek singular xarisma charisma plural xarismata charismata is an extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit 2 3 These are believed by followers to be supernatural graces that individual Christians need to fulfill the mission of the Church 4 5 In the narrowest sense it is a theological term for the extraordinary graces given to individual Christians for the good of others and is distinguished from the graces given for personal sanctification such as the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of the Holy Spirit 1 The term charism denotes any good gift that flows from God s benevolent love 1 These abilities often termed charismatic gifts are the word of knowledge increased faith the gifts of healing the gift of miracles prophecy the discernment of spirits kinds of tongues interpretation of tongues To these are added the gifts of apostles prophets teachers helps connected to service of the poor and sick and governments or leadership ability which are connected with certain offices in the Church These gifts are given by the Holy Spirit to individuals but their purpose is to build up the entire Church 1 They are described in the New Testament primarily in 1 Corinthians 12 6 13 and 14 Romans 12 7 and Ephesians 4 8 1 Peter 4 9 also touches on the spiritual gifts 2 The gifts are related to both seemingly natural abilities and seemingly more miraculous abilities empowered by the Holy Spirit 5 The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue Cessationism versus Continuationism Contents 1 Biblical and theological overview 2 Descriptions 3 Other spiritual gifts 4 Social meaning 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingBiblical and theological overview editThe New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts most in the Pauline epistles While each list is unique there is overlap Romans 12 6 8 1 Corinthians 12 8 10 1 Corinthians 12 28 30 Ephesians 4 11 1 Peter 4 11 Prophecy Serving Teaching Exhortation Giving Leadership Mercy Word of wisdom Word of knowledge Faith Gifts of healings Miracles Prophecy Distinguishing between spirits Tongues Interpretation of tongues Apostle Prophet Teacher Miracles Kinds of healings Helps Administration Tongues Apostle Prophet Evangelist Pastor Teacher Whoever speaks Whoever renders service 10 Christians believe that the charismata were foretold in the Book of Joel 2 28 and promised by Christ Gospel of Mark 16 17 18 This promise was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost and elsewhere as the church spread In order to correct abuses concerning the spiritual gifts at Corinth Paul devoted much attention to spiritual gifts in his First Epistle to the Corinthians chapters 12 14 1 In 1 Corinthians 12 two Greek terms are translated as spiritual gifts In verse 1 the word pneumatika spirituals or things of the Spirit is used In verse 4 charisma is used This word is derived from the word charis which means grace In verses 5 and 6 the words diakonia translated administrations ministries or service and energemata operations or inworkings are used in describing the nature of the spiritual gifts In verse 7 the term manifestation phanerosis of the Spirit is used 11 From these scriptural passages Christians understand the spiritual gifts to be enablements or capacities that are divinely bestowed upon individuals Because they are freely given by God these cannot be earned or merited 12 Though worked through individuals these are operations or manifestations of the Holy Spirit not of the gifted person They are to be used for the benefit of others and in a sense they are granted to the church as a whole more than they are given to individuals There is diversity in their distribution an individual will not possess all of the gifts 11 The purpose of the spiritual gifts is to edify build up exhort encourage and comfort the church 13 It is generally acknowledged by whom that Paul did not list all of the gifts of the Spirit 1 and many quantify believe that there are as many gifts as there are needs in the body of Christ 14 The gifts have at times been organized into distinct categories based on their similarities and differences to other gifts Some divide them into three categories using Old Testament offices Prophetic gifts include any gift involving teaching encouraging or rebuking others Priestly gifts include showing mercy and care for the needy or involve intercession before God Kingly gifts are those involving church administration or government 15 Others categorize them into gifts of knowledge word of wisdom word of knowledge distinguishing between spirits gifts of speech tongues interpretation prophecy and gifts of power faith healing miracles 16 The gifts have also been categorized as those that promote the inner growth of the church apostle prophecy distinguishing between spirits teaching word of wisdom knowledge helps and administration and those that promote the church s outer development faith miracles healing tongues interpretation of tongues 1 Proponents of cessationism distinguish between the extraordinary miraculous or sign gifts such as prophecy tongues and healing and the other gifts 17 Cessationism is held by some Protestants especially from the Calvinist tradition who believe that miraculous gifts and their operations were limited to early Christianity and ceased afterward 18 Other Protestants including Lutheran 19 Methodist 20 Pentecostals and charismatics adhere to the continuationist position believing that all the spiritual gifts are distributed among Christians by the Holy Spirit and that they are normative in contemporary Christendom In addition Roman Catholicism 21 and the Eastern Orthodox Church also continue to believe in and make use of all of the spiritual gifts Descriptions editApostle The title apostle comes from the Greek word apostolos which means a messenger one sent forth with orders 22 It refers to one who has been delegated authority by another in a foreign land 23 Apostles were the first leaders of the Church they were commissioned by Jesus to initiate and direct the preaching of the gospel While many Christians agree that the title of apostle is reserved for those among the first generation of Christians many Christian denominations continue in one way or another to recognize a continuing apostolic ministry Many churches such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches believe in the doctrine of apostolic succession which holds that properly ordained bishops are the successors to the apostles Only bishops have the charism certain of the truth 24 in Latin charisma veritatis certum 25 which is the faculty to establish undoubtedly a truth in matter of faith or morality or concerning the Holy Scripture Other Christian groups such as classical Pentecostals consider the role of a missionary to be fulfilling an apostolic ministry 26 There are some Christians however who advocate restoring the Fivefold ministry including the formal recognition of the office of apostle Others would say that the office no longer exists 27 Prophet In the New Testament the office of prophet is to equip the saints for the work of service through exhortation edification and consolation 1 Corinthians 12 28 1 Corinthians 14 3 Ephesians 4 11 28 The prophet s corresponding gift is prophecy Prophecy is reporting something that God spontaneously brings to your mind 29 Many particularly Pentecostals and charismatics distinguish between the office of prophet and the gift of prophecy believing that a Christian can possess the gift of prophecy without holding the prophetic office 30 Prophecy has been addressed to the human understanding he who prophesies speaks to men Cor 14 1 25 The prophet edifies the church 14 4 31 Evangelist An evangelist is one who devotes himself to preaching the gospel In the New Testament evangelists preached from city to city church to church 32 Pastor This term derives from a Greek word for shepherd In theory pastors are gifted to lead guide and set an example for other Christians The grammatical structure of Ephesians 4 11 leads many to conclude that teacher and pastor should be considered one term pastor teacher Even so the two terms are not interchangeable while all pastors are teachers not all teachers are pastors Pastoral Gifts include integrity and compassion 33 Teacher Someone who devotes his or her life to preaching and teaching the Christian faith When teaching is provided for the Church by God two gifts are actually given to the Church is given a teacher and along with the teacher comes a divine capacity to teach 34 Service The word translated as ministry is diakonia which can also be translated service 34 Since there are many types of ministries and service to the Church this then describes a broad array of gifts rather than a single gift Exhortation The ability to motivate Christians to patient endurance brotherly love and good works 35 Giving Those with this gift share their own possessions with others with extraordinary generosity While all Christians should be givers those possessing this gift will go beyond this normal giving 35 Leading This gift speaks to the various leadership roles found in the Church While many think of roles such as administration management of funds strategy planning etc as functions outside of the supernatural realm in reality individuals in these positions are just as in need of supernatural empowerment as are ministers of the gospel 36 Some writers consider the gifts of governments and leading to be the same gift but others consider them closely related yet different Mercy Possibly identical to the gift of helps the mercy shower possesses a ministry of visitation prayer and compassion to the poor and sick 36 Word of wisdom An utterance or message of wisdom supernaturally granted to an individual For Paul wisdom refers to the knowledge of the great Christian mysteries the Incarnation Passion and Resurrection of Christ and the indwelling in the believer of the Spirit of God 1 Corinthians 2 Ephesians 1 17 1 Word of knowledge The knowledge referred to is often said to relate to understanding Christian doctrine or scriptural truth 1 It is sometimes said to be connected with the ministry of teachers Faith This refers to that strong or special faith which removes mountains casts out devils Matthew 17 19 20 and faces the most cruel martyrdom without flinching 1 It is distinguished from the saving and normal Christian faith 37 Gifts of healings The ability to supernaturally minister healing to others The plural indicates the variety of sickness healed and the many forms the gift takes such as healing by anointing with oil by the laying on of hands by saying the name of Jesus or by the sign of the cross 1 Working of miracles The performance of deeds beyond ordinary human ability by the power of the Holy Spirit 1 Visions An outpouring of this gift is prophesied in Joel 2 28 and Acts 2 17 shows that early Christians believed this prophecy was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost Visions tend to be more private experiences than the other gifts Some researchers expand the definition of visions to include a strongly felt presence 38 Discerning of spirits The capacity to discern distinguish or to discriminate the source of a spiritual manifestation whether it emanates from a good or evil spirit It seemed to have been particularly associated with prophecy as it would be necessary to know whether a prophetic utterance was truly inspired by God 1 39 Tongues The supernatural ability of speaking an unlearned language 1 Paul seems to have distinguished between the public use of the gift which must always be interpreted and the private use which was for the spiritual strengthening of oneself 40 Currently among Christians there is a dispute as to whether tongues were are always xenoglossy speaking an unlearned human language or whether it also included includes glossolalia speaking an unlearned and allegedly non human language of heavenly or angelic origin Interpretation of tongues This gift ought always follow the public exercise of the gift of tongues 1 In 1 Corinthians 14 the Apostle Paul required that all speech in Christian worship should be intelligible This required that speech given in an unknown tongue be interpreted in the common language of the gathered Christians Helps This gift has to do with service to the sick and the poor 1 Possessors of this gift have a spiritual burden and a God given love for the needy and afflicted 41 Administration Also called the gift of governing 1 the Greek word translated governments is kubernesis the verb form of which means to steer or to be a helmsman This gift then refers to the God given capacity to lead or guide the Church through storms and difficult seas 41 Other spiritual gifts editWhile not specifically defined as spiritual gifts in the Bible other abilities and capacities have been considered as spiritual gifts by some Christians Some are found in the New Testament such as celibacy 1 Corinthians 7 7 42 fellowship 43 hospitality 1 Peter 4 9 10 44 intercession Romans 8 26 27 44 marriage 1 Corinthians 7 7 45 effective witnessing Acts 1 8 5 32 26 22 1 John 5 6 44 Others are found in the Old Testament such as craftsmanship such as the special abilities given to artisans who constructed the Tabernacle in Exodus 35 30 33 44 interpretation of dreams e g Joseph and Daniel in Genesis 43 50 Daniel 2 composing spiritual music poetry and prose 44 Social meaning editThe word is also used in secular circumstances within social psychology In that context charism is defined as personal influence on other people individually or as a group Religious orders including Anglican Catholic Lutheran and Methodist use the word charism to describe their spiritual orientation and any special characteristics of their mission or values that might be exhibited as a result of the vows that they have taken and the orientation of the order to which they belong An example might be the works of a teaching order compared to that of a missionary order or one devoted to the care of the poor or the sick and those in need of help See also edit nbsp Christianity portal Karamat Islamic term for the same concept Charisma Charismatic Christianity Charity virtue References edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wilhelm Joseph 1908 Charismata The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol III Robert Appleton Company Retrieved 6 July 2010 a b Spiritual gifts A Dictionary of the Bible by W R F Browning Oxford University Press Inc Oxford Reference Online Oxford University Press Accessed 22 June 2011 charisma The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 5th ed HarperCollins Charismata The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Ed F L Cross and E A Livingstone Oxford University Press Inc Oxford Reference Online Oxford University Press Accessed 22 June 2011 a b Wayne Grudem Systematic Theology An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine Zondervan 1994 1016 17 Bible Gateway passage 1 Corinthians 12 New International Version Bible Gateway Archived from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2023 03 07 Bible Gateway passage Romans 12 New International Version Bible Gateway Archived from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2023 03 07 Bible Gateway passage Ephesians 4 New International Version Bible Gateway Archived from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2023 03 07 Bible Gateway passage 1 Peter 4 New International Version Bible Gateway Archived from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2023 03 07 Wayne Grudem Systematic Theology An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine Zondervan 1994 1020 a b Guy P Duffield and Nathaniel M Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology 1983 Los Angeles Foursquare Media 2008 pp 332 33 Spiritual Gifts Natural Talents Abilities Fruit of Spirit mintools com Archived from the original on 2021 01 20 Retrieved 2021 01 25 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 334 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 335 Grudem Systematic Theology p 1021 Sumrall Lester The Gifts of the Holy Spirit p 25 Aug 2000 Easton Matthew George Gifts spiritual Archived 2011 11 17 at the Wayback Machine Easton s Bible Dictionary 1897 Accessed June 22 2011 Ruthven Jon On the Cessation of the Charismata The Protestant Polemic on Post Biblical Miracles Archived 2009 03 19 at the Wayback Machine Deo Press 1993 rev 2008 pp 3 7 Accessed June 27 2011 Spiritual Gifts Survey Peace Lutheran Church Archived from the original on 5 September 2012 Retrieved 11 March 2017 Spiritual Gifts The United Methodist Church Archived from the original on 3 March 2017 Retrieved 11 March 2017 Catechism of the Catholic Church 799 800 Archived 2011 10 19 at the Wayback Machine Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 351 Coppieters Honore 1907 Apostles The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 1 Robert Appleton Company Retrieved 22 June 2011 The Discernment needed to judge chastisement and conversion April 14 2020 Archived from the original on July 1 2022 International Theological Commission 2012 La teologia oggi prospettive principi e criteri Theology Today Perspectives Principia and Criteria Holy See in Italian and English Archived from the original on 2023 01 15 Retrieved 2023 01 15 at n 33 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 353 Grudem Systematic Theology p 1031 note 21 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 353 54 Grudem Systematic Theology p 1024 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 336 351 52 Fall 1983 Bert Dominy Southwestern Journal of Theology Vol 26 Paul and Spiritual Gifts Reflections on 1 Corinthians 12 14 Preaching Source Archived from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2023 03 07 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 356 57 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 357 58 a b Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 347 48 a b Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 348 49 a b Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 349 50 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 336 37 Kavan Heather 2013 A psychodynamic interpretation of gender differences in descriptions of religious visions The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society 2 2 77 87 doi 10 18848 2154 8633 CGP v02i02 50994 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 340 41 Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 345 a b Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology p 343 See for example Stephen Vantassel Celibacy The Forgotten Gift of the Spirit Journal of Biblical Counseling 12 no 3 1994 20 23 permanent dead link 10 January 2008 https www kentuckytoday com stories entity leaders reflect on how covid 19 has changed the southern baptist convention 31057 Archived 2021 06 16 at the Wayback Machine Entity leaders reflect on how COVID 19 has changed the Southern Baptist Convention a b c d e Duffield and Van Cleave Foundations of Pentecostal Theology pp 358 59 Grudem Systematic Theology p 1020 Further reading edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Catholic Encyclopedia Charismata Grudem Wayne A editor Are Miraculous Gifts for Today Zondervan 1996 ISBN 978 0 310 20155 7 Four authors each provide four viewpoints concerning spiritual gifts Cessationist Open But Cautious Third Wave and Pentecostal Charismatic Bullock Warren D When the Spirit Speaks Making Sense Out of Tongues Interpretation and Prophecy Gospel Publishing House 2009 ISBN 0 88243 284 2 Carter Howard 1968 Spiritual Gifts and Their Operation Missouri Gospel Publishing House ISBN 0 88243 593 0 Deere Jack Surprised by the Power of the Spirit Grand Rapids Zondervan 1993 ISBN 978 0 310 21127 3 Deere Jack Surprised by the Voice of God Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996 ISBN 978 0 310 22558 4 Greig Gary and Springer Kevin eds The Kingdom and the Power Are Healing and the Spiritual Gifts Used By Jesus and the Early Church Meant for the Church Today Ventura CA Gospel Light 1993 thorough and practical ISBN 978 0 8307 1659 3 Hurst Randy editor Divine Order Leading the Public Use of Spiritual Gifts Gospel Publishing House 2009 Lim David Spiritual Gifts in Systematic Theology A Pentecostal Perspective revised edition edited by Stanley M Horton Springfield MO Logion Press 1994 ISBN 0 88243 855 7 Wagner C Peter Discover Your Spiritual Gifts The Easy To Use Self Guided Questionnaire That Helps You Identify and Understand Your Various God Given Spiritual Gifts expanded edition Regal 2010 ISBN 978 0 8307 3678 2 Wimber John and Springer Kevin Power Evangelism revised and enlarged edition Regal 2009 originally 1986 ISBN 978 0 8307 4796 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spiritual gift amp oldid 1219030007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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