Geraldine Farrar
Alice Geraldine Farrar[1] (February 28, 1882 – March 11, 1967) was an American lyric soprano who could also sing dramatic roles. She was noted for her beauty, acting ability, and "the intimate timbre of her voice."[2] She had a large following among young women, who were nicknamed "Gerry-flappers".[3][4]
Geraldine Farrar | |
|---|---|
Farrar in 1923 | |
| Born | Alice Geraldine Farrar February 28, 1882 Melrose, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | March 11, 1967 (aged 85) Ridgefield, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Opera singer, actress |
| Years active | 1901–1922 |
| Spouse | |
Biography Edit
Farrar was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, the daughter of baseball player Sidney Farrar, and his wife Henrietta Barnes. At age five, she began studying music in Boston and by 14 was giving recitals. Later she studied voice with the American soprano Emma Thursby in New York City, in Paris, and finally with the Italian baritone Francesco Graziani in Berlin.[2] Farrar created a sensation at the Berlin Hofoper with her debut as Marguerite in Charles Gounod's Faust in 1901 and remained with the company for three years, during which time she continued her studies with famed German soprano Lilli Lehmann.[2] (She had been recommended to Lehmann by another famous soprano of the previous generation, Lillian Nordica.) She appeared in the title roles of Ambroise Thomas' Mignon and Jules Massenet's Manon, as well as Juliette in Gounod's Roméo et Juliette. Her admirers in Berlin included Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, with whom she is believed to have had a relationship beginning in 1903.
After three years with the Monte Carlo Opera,[2] Farrar made her debut at the New York Metropolitan Opera in Roméo et Juliette on November 26, 1906.[5] She appeared in the first Met performance of Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly in 1907 and remained a member of the company until her retirement in 1922, singing 29 roles there in 672 performances.[6] She developed a great popular following, especially among New York's young female opera-goers, who were known as "Gerry-flappers".[4] Farrar created the title roles in Pietro Mascagni's Amica (Monte Carlo, 1905), Puccini's Suor Angelica (New York City, 1918), Umberto Giordano's Madame Sans-Gêne (New York, 1915), as well as the Goosegirl in Engelbert Humperdinck's Königskinder (New York, 1910), for which Farrar trained her own flock of geese. According to a review in the New York Tribune of the first performance, "at the close of the opera Miss Farrar caused 'much amusement' by appearing before the curtain with a live goose under her arm."[7]
Farrar recorded extensively for the Victor Talking Machine Company and was often featured prominently in that firm's advertisements. She also appeared in silent films, which were produced between opera seasons. Farrar starred in more than a dozen films from 1915 to 1920, including Cecil B. De Mille's 1915 adaptation of Georges Bizet's opera Carmen, for which she was extensively praised. "The resolution of Geraldine Farrar, the beautiful and gifted star, to employ her talents in the attaining of success in the films is one of the greatest steps in advancing the dignity of the motion pictures. Miss Farrar's 'Carmen' in the films is the greatest triumph the motion picture has yet achieved over the speaking stage," claimed the San Francisco Call & Post.[8] For her performance, she came in first among the women in the 1916 "Screen Masterpiece" contest held by Motion Picture Magazine.[9] One of her other notable screen roles was as Joan of Arc in the 1917 film Joan the Woman. In June 1931, Farrar made her debut radio broadcast over the National Broadcasting Company's nationwide "Red" network.[10]
According to her biographer:
"Unlike most of the famous bel canto singers of the past who sacrificed dramatic action to tonal perfection, she was more interested in the emotional than in the purely lyrical aspects of her roles. According to Miss Farrar, until prime donne can combine the arts of Sarah Bernhardt and Nellie Melba, dramatic ability is more essential than perfect singing in opera."
— Elizabeth Nash[11]
In 1960, Farrar was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the music and film categories, located at 1620 and 1709 Vine Street.
Personal life Edit
Beginning in 1908, Farrar had a seven-year love affair with the Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini. Her ultimatum, that he leave his wife and children and marry her, resulted in Toscanini's abrupt resignation as principal conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in 1915. Farrar was a close friend to the Met's star tenor Enrico Caruso and there has been speculation that they too had a love affair. It is said that Caruso coined her motto: Farrar farà ("Farrar will do it").[12]
Her marriage to actor Lou Tellegen on February 8, 1916, was the source of considerable scandal. The marriage ended, as a result of her husband's numerous affairs, in a very public divorce in 1923. The circumstances of the divorce were brought again to public recollection by Tellegen's bizarre 1934 suicide in Hollywood. Farrar reportedly said "Why should that interest me?" when told of Tellegen's death.
Farrar retired from opera in 1922 at the age of 40. Her final performance was as Leoncavallo's Zazà. By this stage, her voice was in premature decline due to overwork. According to the American music critic Henry Pleasants, the author of The Great Singers from the Dawn of Opera to Our Own Time (first published 1967), she gave between 25 and 35 performances each season at the Met alone. They included 95 appearances as Madama Butterfly and 58 as Carmen in 16 seasons. The title role in Puccini's Tosca, which she had added to her repertoire in 1909, was another one of her favourite Met parts.
Farrar quickly transitioned into concert recitals, and was signed (within several weeks of announcing her opera retirement) to an appearance at Hershey Park on Memorial Day 1922.[13] She continued to make recordings and give recitals throughout the 1920s and was briefly the intermission commentator for the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts during the 1934–35 season. Her unusual autobiography, Such Sweet Compulsion, published in 1938, was written in alternating chapters purporting to be her own words and those of her deceased mother, with Mrs. Farrar rather floridly recounting her daughter's many accomplishments.
In 1967, Farrar died in Ridgefield, Connecticut of heart disease aged 85, and was buried in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. She had no children.
Filmography Edit
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | Carmen | Carmen | |
| 1915 | Temptation | Renee Dupree | lost film |
| 1916 | Maria Rosa | Maria Rosa | |
| 1916 | Joan the Woman | Jeanne d'Arc | |
| 1917 | The Woman God Forgot | Tecza (daughter of Montezuma) | |
| 1917 | The Devil-Stone | Marcia Manot | lost film, only two of six reels survive |
| 1918 | The Turn of Wheel | Rosalie Dean | lost film |
| 1918 | The Bonds That Tie | Miss Columbia | Short |
| 1918 | The Hell Cat | Pancha O'Brien | undetermined/presumably lost |
| 1919 | Shadows | Muriel Barnes / Cora Lamont | lost film, only one reel survives |
| 1919 | The Stronger Vow | Dolores de Cordova | undetermined/presumably lost |
| 1919 | The World and Its Woman | Marcia Warren | |
| 1919 | Flame of the Desert | Lady Isabelle Channing | |
| 1920 | The Woman and the Puppet | Concha Perez | |
| 1920 | The Riddle: Woman | Lilla Gravert | undetermined/presumably lost |
Media Edit
In popular culture Edit
The American author Barbara Paul has written several murder mystery novels featuring Geraldine Farrar, Enrico Caruso, and the Metropolitan Opera.
References Edit
Citations Edit
- ^ "Alice Geraldine Farrar – Massachusetts Births". FamilySearch. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- ^ a b c d The New Encyclopædia Britannica 4: 689. Chicago. 1991.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The New York Times, "Hail Farrar Queen as She Sings Adieu", April 23, 1922, p. 20
- ^ a b Rosenthal and Warrack (1979), p. 161
- ^ Geraldine Farrar's debut on November 26, 1906 at the Met Opera Archives.
- ^ Geraldine Farrar at the Met Opera Archives.
- ^ Metropolitan Opera Archives, review from the New York Tribune by Krehbiel, Henry. "Königskinder, Metropolitan Opera House: 12/28/1910". Met performance CID 49510, World Premiere, in the presence of the composer.
- ^ "Newspapers of the Nation Praise Production". Motion Picture News. New York: Motion Picture News, Inc. November 6, 1915. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ Ahead of Marguerite Clark, Mary Pickford, and Theda Bara. "Screen Masterpieces". Motion Picture Magazine. Chicago: Brewster Publications. May 1916. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ^ Geraldine Farrar to Sing For Radio", New York Times, June 23, 1931, Section R, page 37.
- ^ Nash (1981) p. 231
- ^ Hart, Samantha. Hollywood Walk of Fame (Cry Baby Books, 2004), p. 140. ISBN 0-9665787-0-8
- ^ "Farrar to Be at Hershey". Harrisburg Telegraph. February 2, 1922. p. 8.
...Geraldine Farrar will open the Hershey Park season with a concert on Memorial Day afternoon.
General sources Edit
- Farrar, Geraldine (1916). Geraldine Farrar, the story of an American singer. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 263028569, 747740995. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
- Farrar, Geraldine (1938). The Autobiography of Geraldine Farrar: Such Sweet Compulsion (First ed.). New York: The Greystone Press. OCLC 639623267. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
- Nash, Elizabeth (1981). Always First Class: The Career of Geraldine Farrar. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America. ISBN 0-8191-1882-6. OCLC 7812696.
- Rosenthal, H. and Warrack, J., "Farrar, Geraldine", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1979, p. 161. ISBN 0-19-311321-X.
External links Edit
- Works by Geraldine Farrar at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Geraldine Farrar at Internet Archive
- Geraldine Farrar at IMDb
- Enrico Caruso & Geraldine Farrar – Vogliatemi Bene on YouTube Geraldine Farrar and tenor Enrico Caruso sing Giacomo Puccini's Vogliatemi bene from Madama Butterfly
- Geraldine Farrar recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
- Geraldine Farrar Collection, 1895-1943 at the Library of Congress
- Geraldine Farrar Memorabilia August 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine at the Newberry Library
- Geraldine Farrar at Virtual History
- Geraldine Farrar photo gallery (Univ. of Washington/Sayre Collection)
- The Story of My Life (Chapter 1) published in Photoplay, February 1919
- The Story of My Life (Chapter 2) published in Photoplay, March 1919
- The Story of My Life (Chapter 3) published in Photoplay, April 1919
- Motion Picture Magazine Feb 1917 page 99,"Geraldine Farrar: Gives Some Good Advice to Stage and Screen Aspirants" by Helen Batchelder Shute