George Armytage (grazier)
George Armytage (1795–1862) was a farmer and pastoralist in Australia, builder of The Hermitage in Geelong, Victoria.[1]
George Armytage | |
|---|---|
An 1888 illustration of Armytage | |
| Born | 1795 Ticknall |
| Died | 1862 |
| Occupation | Farmer Pastoralist |
Early life (1795–1815) edit
Armytage was born at Ticknall, Derbyshire, England in 1795, and was educated at schools in Yorkshire. He was the son of George Armytage (senior), who died in Australia in 1853, having emigrated at the age of eighty-seven. Armytage junior subsequently studied engineering in London until his twentieth year, when, on 28 February 1815, he sailed for Australia in the Hebe.[1]
Australian colonialist (1815–1873) edit
Arrival in Sydney (1815) edit
Armytage reached Sydney in August 1815.
Van Diemen's Land (1816–1834) edit
In the following year he landed in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), where he was allotted a few acres of land at Bagdad, which were increased to 500 acres in 1817.
Armytage received sizable grants of land at Bagdad, and later obtained larger areas in Western Victoria as a pastoral squatter. As a result of much of this land being forcibly taken from Aboriginals by the Armytages and their colonial property managers, they were involved in several instances of frontier conflict. For example, when taking ownership of an area near Geelong in 1836, Charles Franks (a business partner of the Armytages) was speared to death by Wathaurung.[2] A subsequent punitive expedition against local Aboriginals apparently served as "a warning to the natives not in the future to commit wanton excesses" against the British occupiers.[3]
The advantages of obtaining vast areas of land virtually for free were soon realised and the Armytages became exceedingly wealthy, owning famous mansions such as The Hermitage in Geelong, and Como House in Toorak. They expanded their enterprise into properties in New South Wales and Queensland, and also into the lucrative frozen meat industry.[4]
In 1818, he married Miss Elizabeth Peters.
In 1826, he received a further grant of 1,000 acres (400 ha), and built upon it the first watermill in Tasmania. During this period Armytage was part of the Bagdad division of the Tasmanian police who were heavily involved in the Black War that resulted in the deaths of a possible 900 Indigenous Australians.[5]
Port Phillip District (1835–1862) edit
In 1835, Port Phillip District (later called Victoria) commenced to attract settlers; and in 1836 his eldest son Thomas visited the district, and camped on the Werribee River.
During 1836 an investigation into the murder of local indigenous people took place in regard to a Charles Franks who had been employed by George Armytage to secure selection of desired parcels of land.[6] Franks was found to have been using lead as a poison. Franks stated that he was using lead to poison "Crows" which at the time was a slang term for Indigenous Australians and possibly a reference to Jim Crow.[6]
In 1847 Mr. Armytage proceeded to Victoria, and settled upon his son George Armytage's station at Ingleby, where his eldest son had died of typhus fever on 12 September 1842. In 1851, he settled at Geelong, and built "The Hermitage".
Death edit
Armytage died of erysipelas in 1862, his widow surviving him until 1873.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c Mennell, Philip (1892). . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource.
- ^ Brown, P.L. "Armytage, George (1795–1862)". George Armytage. Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ^ "PORT PHILIP". The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. Vol. XXXIV, no. 2854. New South Wales, Australia. 23 August 1836. p. 2. Retrieved 16 March 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Hone, J.A. "Armytage, Charles Henry (1824–1876)". Charles Henry Armytage. Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ^ "Armytage family: a brutal history of Aboriginal dispossession and massacre | Welcome To Country". www.welcometocountry.org. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ a b Pascoe, Bruce (2007). Convincing Ground: Learning to Fall in Love with Your Country. Aboriginal Studies Press. ISBN 9780855755492.
External links edit
- Armytage, George (1795–1862) Australian Dictionary of Biography