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Kinneret (archaeological site)

January 01, 1970

Kinneret (Hebrew: כִּנֶּרֶת) is the name of an important Bronze and Iron Age city situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, mentioned in the 14th century BC Aqhat Epic of Ugarit, and in the Old Testament and New Testament. Older Bible translations spell the name alternatively Kinnereth or Chinnereth, and sometimes in the plural as Chinneroth.[1][2] In time the name became Gennesaret and Ginosar (Hebrew: גִּנֵּיסַר). The remains of Kinneret have been excavated at a site called Tell el-'Oreimeh (Tell el-‘Orēme) in Arabic and Tel Kinrot in Modern Hebrew.

City: Kinneret, Chinnereth;
Archaeological site: Tel Kinrot (Modern Hebrew),
Tell el-'Oreimeh (Arabic)
כִּנֶּרֶת‎
Tel Kinrot (the mound behind the field) from northwest
Shown within Israel
Coordinates32°51′38″N 35°30′26″E / 32.86056°N 35.50722°E / 32.86056; 35.50722
TypeSettlement

Etymology edit

"Kinneret" edit

Talmud edit

According to the Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah 1:1), the name Kinneret is derived from the name of the kinnar trees which grow in its vicinity, explained by lexicographer M. Jastrow to mean the Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi),[3] and by Moses Margolies to mean cane reeds.[4]

Another Talmud passage says that it is so-called because its fruits[dubious – discuss] are as sweet as those of the kinnara[dubious – discuss] (Ziziphus spina-christi).[5][dubious – discuss]

"Gennesaret" and "Ginosar" edit

Adrian Room sees the origin of 'Ginosar' in a combination of Hebrew words, ge ('valley') and either netser ('branch') or natsor ('to guard', 'to watch').[6]

The late-19th-century Easton's Bible Dictionary offers a very different etymology, by stating that the initial Hebrew name 'Kinneret', in the plural 'Kinnerot', was Grecized to Gennesaret, with Ginosar as yet another transformation of the Hebrew name.[7]

Historical use of the name edit

The lake edit

Due to its prominence, the city gave its name to the lake (the "Sea of Galilee") for long periods of history, as the Sea of Kinneret, Kinnerot, Gennesaret, or Ginosar.[7]

As other places around the lake rose to prominence, such as Tiberias and Qasr al-Minya, the name of the lake also changed to Lake Tiberias[8] or Lake Minya ("Bahr el-Minya" in Arabic).[9]

The plain edit

The name has also been used for the "Plain of Gennesaret", which stretches south of the ancient city. The plain's modern names are Plain of Ginosar in Hebrew and el-Ghuweir in Arabic.

Modern settlements edit

The Israeli kibbutz Ginosar derives its name from the ancient town, though it is not located on its precise site. The settlements of Moshavat Kinneret and Kvutzat Kinneret are even further south, on the southwestern shore of the lake.

Biblical and other ancient sources edit

Annals of Thutmose III edit




knnꜣrtw[10][11]
in hieroglyphs
Era: New Kingdom
(1550–1069 BC)

Kinneret is mentioned as Kennartou in the 15th-century BCE Annals of Thutmose III at Temple of Karnak.[10]

Hebrew Bible edit

Kinneret was a town allotted to the tribe of Naphtali (Joshua 19:35). The name appears in the singular form as "Kinneret" (Numbers 34:11, Deuteronomy 3:17) or in the plural as "Kinneroth" (Joshua 11:2, 12:3).

New Testament Gospels edit

In the New Testament the name appears changed to Gennesaret (Luke 5:1).

This city or area is also a place where Jesus visited and performed healing (Matthew 14:34; Mark 6:53). The Douay-Rheims Bible uses the form "Genesar", see Gospel of Matthew

[34] And having passed the water, they came into the country of Genesar. (Matthew 14:34).

Josephus and Babylonian Talmud edit

Flavius Josephus, as well as the Babylonian Talmud mention the lake by the name "Sea of Ginosar" after the small fertile plain of Ginosar that lies at the foot of Tell el-'Oreimeh, ancient Kinneret. Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil.[12]

Identification and location edit

 
The Plain of Gennesaret marked on an 1850 German map of the Sea of Galilee as "El-Ghuweir / Genezareth" (western shore, stretching from "Khan Minyeh" to "el-Mejdel / Magdala")

The site of the fortified Bronze and Iron Age city of Kinneret is identified with the mound known in Arabic as Tell el-'Oreimeh and in modern Hebrew as Tel Kinrot, halfway between Capernaum and Magdala.[13][14] Situated on an important trade route, its elevated position meant that it also overlooked and guarded the Plain of Ginosar from its northern end.

The site has the ICS Coordinates: 200805-1252830;[15][16][17] ca. 32.87000 N, 35.539312 E.[17]

Archaeological exploration edit

The tell is being excavated as part of a large archaeological project which is ongoing since 2002.[18]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Bible Hub, Chinneroth". biblehub.com. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  2. ^ Arnold, Bill T.; Beyer, Bryan E. (2002). Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study. Baker Academic. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-8010-2292-0.
  3. ^ Marcus Jastrow, Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Peabody, Mass. 2006, p. 651 (s.v. כנרא)
  4. ^ Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:1 [2b]
  5. ^ Babylonian Talmud (Megillah 6a)
  6. ^ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites (2nd, revised ed.). McFarland. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  7. ^ a b Easton's Revised Bible Dictionary, "Gennesaret"
  8. ^ Aharoni, Yohanan; Avi, Yonah; Anson, Rainey; Safrai, Ze'ev (1999). Atlas Biblico. Portuguese translation of The Macmillan Bible Atlas. Rio de Janeiro: Casa Publicadora das Assembléias de Deus (CPAD). p. 173. ISBN 85-263-0116-0.
  9. ^ "Minnim (Khirbet Minya)" at carta-jerusalem.com, 15 May 2012. retrieved 18 December 2021.
  10. ^ a b Gauthier, Henri (1928). Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5. p. 205.
  11. ^ Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920). An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II. John Murray. p. 1048.
  12. ^ The Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holyand by Henry Baker Tristram 2007 ISBN 1593334826 page 11
  13. ^ Avraham Negev, Shimon Gibson, ed. (2001). Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: Continuum. p. 285. ISBN 0-8264-1316-1.
  14. ^ Lamar Williamson 1983 Mark ISBN 0804231214 pages 129-130
  15. ^ Aharoni, Yochanan. The Land of the Bible, A Historical Geography. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1979, p. 433.
  16. ^ "עמוד ענן - המדריך השיתופי לידיעת הארץ". amudanan.co.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  17. ^ a b Clément RONZON. "TWCC, The World Coordinate Converter". twcc.free.fr. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  18. ^ "Tel Kinrot – Kinneret Regional Project". kinneret-excavations.org. Retrieved 2018-11-06.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tel Kinarot.
  • Tel Kinrot page on the website of the "Kinneret Regional Project" international archaeological expedition

January 01, 1970
kinneret, archaeological, site, kinneret, hebrew, name, important, bronze, iron, city, situated, northwestern, shore, galilee, mentioned, 14th, century, aqhat, epic, ugarit, testament, testament, older, bible, translations, spell, name, alternatively, kinneret. Kinneret Hebrew כ נ ר ת is the name of an important Bronze and Iron Age city situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee mentioned in the 14th century BC Aqhat Epic of Ugarit and in the Old Testament and New Testament Older Bible translations spell the name alternatively Kinnereth or Chinnereth and sometimes in the plural as Chinneroth 1 2 In time the name became Gennesaret and Ginosar Hebrew ג נ יס ר The remains of Kinneret have been excavated at a site called Tell el Oreimeh Tell el Oreme in Arabic and Tel Kinrot in Modern Hebrew City Kinneret Chinnereth Archaeological site Tel Kinrot Modern Hebrew Tell el Oreimeh Arabic כ נ ר ת Tel Kinrot the mound behind the field from northwestShown within IsraelCoordinates32 51 38 N 35 30 26 E 32 86056 N 35 50722 E 32 86056 35 50722TypeSettlement Contents 1 Etymology 1 1 Kinneret 1 1 1 Talmud 1 2 Gennesaret and Ginosar 2 Historical use of the name 2 1 The lake 2 2 The plain 2 3 Modern settlements 3 Biblical and other ancient sources 3 1 Annals of Thutmose III 3 2 Hebrew Bible 3 3 New Testament Gospels 3 4 Josephus and Babylonian Talmud 4 Identification and location 5 Archaeological exploration 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksEtymology edit Kinneret edit Talmud edit According to the Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 1 1 the name Kinneret is derived from the name of the kinnar trees which grow in its vicinity explained by lexicographer M Jastrow to mean the Christ s thorn jujube Ziziphus spina christi 3 and by Moses Margolies to mean cane reeds 4 Another Talmud passage says that it is so called because its fruits dubious discuss are as sweet as those of the kinnara dubious discuss Ziziphus spina christi 5 dubious discuss Gennesaret and Ginosar edit Adrian Room sees the origin of Ginosar in a combination of Hebrew words ge valley and either netser branch or natsor to guard to watch 6 The late 19th century Easton s Bible Dictionary offers a very different etymology by stating that the initial Hebrew name Kinneret in the plural Kinnerot was Grecized to Gennesaret with Ginosar as yet another transformation of the Hebrew name 7 Historical use of the name editThe lake edit Due to its prominence the city gave its name to the lake the Sea of Galilee for long periods of history as the Sea of Kinneret Kinnerot Gennesaret or Ginosar 7 As other places around the lake rose to prominence such as Tiberias and Qasr al Minya the name of the lake also changed to Lake Tiberias 8 or Lake Minya Bahr el Minya in Arabic 9 The plain edit The name has also been used for the Plain of Gennesaret which stretches south of the ancient city The plain s modern names are Plain of Ginosar in Hebrew and el Ghuweir in Arabic Modern settlements edit The Israeli kibbutz Ginosar derives its name from the ancient town though it is not located on its precise site The settlements of Moshavat Kinneret and Kvutzat Kinneret are even further south on the southwestern shore of the lake Biblical and other ancient sources editAnnals of Thutmose III edit knnꜣrtw 10 11 in hieroglyphs Era New Kingdom 1550 1069 BC Kinneret is mentioned as Kennartou in the 15th century BCE Annals of Thutmose III at Temple of Karnak 10 Hebrew Bible edit Kinneret was a town allotted to the tribe of Naphtali Joshua 19 35 The name appears in the singular form as Kinneret Numbers 34 11 Deuteronomy 3 17 or in the plural as Kinneroth Joshua 11 2 12 3 New Testament Gospels edit In the New Testament the name appears changed to Gennesaret Luke 5 1 This city or area is also a place where Jesus visited and performed healing Matthew 14 34 Mark 6 53 The Douay Rheims Bible uses the form Genesar see Gospel of Matthew 34 And having passed the water they came into the country of Genesar Matthew 14 34 Josephus and Babylonian Talmud edit Flavius Josephus as well as the Babylonian Talmud mention the lake by the name Sea of Ginosar after the small fertile plain of Ginosar that lies at the foot of Tell el Oreimeh ancient Kinneret Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil 12 Identification and location edit nbsp The Plain of Gennesaret marked on an 1850 German map of the Sea of Galilee as El Ghuweir Genezareth western shore stretching from Khan Minyeh to el Mejdel Magdala The site of the fortified Bronze and Iron Age city of Kinneret is identified with the mound known in Arabic as Tell el Oreimeh and in modern Hebrew as Tel Kinrot halfway between Capernaum and Magdala 13 14 Situated on an important trade route its elevated position meant that it also overlooked and guarded the Plain of Ginosar from its northern end The site has the ICS Coordinates 200805 1252830 15 16 17 ca 32 87000 N 35 539312 E 17 Archaeological exploration editThe tell is being excavated as part of a large archaeological project which is ongoing since 2002 18 See also editCities in the Book of JoshuaReferences edit Bible Hub Chinneroth biblehub com Retrieved 2018 11 06 Arnold Bill T Beyer Bryan E 2002 Readings from the Ancient Near East Primary Sources for Old Testament Study Baker Academic p 82 ISBN 978 0 8010 2292 0 Marcus Jastrow Dictionary of the Targumim the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature Peabody Mass 2006 p 651 s v כנרא Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 1 1 2b Babylonian Talmud Megillah 6a Room Adrian 2006 Placenames of the World Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6 600 Countries Cities Territories Natural Features and Historic Sites 2nd revised ed McFarland p 138 ISBN 978 0 7864 2248 7 Retrieved 21 February 2011 a b Easton s Revised Bible Dictionary Gennesaret Aharoni Yohanan Avi Yonah Anson Rainey Safrai Ze ev 1999 Atlas Biblico Portuguese translation of The Macmillan Bible Atlas Rio de Janeiro Casa Publicadora das Assembleias de Deus CPAD p 173 ISBN 85 263 0116 0 Minnim Khirbet Minya at carta jerusalem com 15 May 2012 retrieved 18 December 2021 a b Gauthier Henri 1928 Dictionnaire des Noms Geographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hieroglyphiques Vol 5 p 205 Wallis Budge E A 1920 An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary with an index of English words king list and geological list with indexes list of hieroglyphic characters Coptic and Semitic alphabets etc Vol II John Murray p 1048 The Physical Geography Geology and Meteorology of the Holyand by Henry Baker Tristram 2007 ISBN 1593334826 page 11 Avraham Negev Shimon Gibson ed 2001 Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land New York London Continuum p 285 ISBN 0 8264 1316 1 Lamar Williamson 1983 Mark ISBN 0804231214 pages 129 130 Aharoni Yochanan The Land of the Bible A Historical Geography The Westminster Press Philadelphia 1979 p 433 עמוד ענן המדריך השיתופי לידיעת הארץ amudanan co il in Hebrew Retrieved 2018 11 06 a b Clement RONZON TWCC The World Coordinate Converter twcc free fr Retrieved 2018 11 06 Tel Kinrot Kinneret Regional Project kinneret excavations org Retrieved 2018 11 06 Easton s Bible Dictionary 1897 Catholic EncyclopediaExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tel Kinarot Tel Kinrot page on the website of the Kinneret Regional Project international archaeological expedition Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kinneret archaeological site amp oldid 1214265009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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