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Generation of '27

December 01, 2023

For the group of musicians and entertainers whose high-risk lifestyles led to their deaths at age 27, see Club 27.

The Generation of '27 (Spanish: Generación del 27) was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927, essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant-garde forms of art and poetry. Their first formal meeting took place in Seville in 1927 to mark the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque poet Luis de Góngora. Writers and intellectuals paid homage at the Ateneo de Sevilla, which retrospectively became the foundational act of the movement.

Terminology edit

The Generation of '27 has also been called, with lesser success, "Generation of the Dictatorship", "Generation of the Republic", "Generation Guillén-Lorca" (Guillén being its oldest author and Lorca its youngest), "Generation of 1925" (average publishing date of the first book of each author), "Generation of Avant-Gardes", "Generation of Friendship", etc. According to Petersen, "generation group" or a "constellation" are better terms which are not so much historically restricted as "generation".

Aesthetic style edit

The Generation of '27 cannot be neatly categorized stylistically because of the wide variety of genres and styles cultivated by its members. Some members, such as Jorge Guillén, wrote in a style that has been loosely called jubilant and joyous and celebrated the instant, others, such as Rafael Alberti, underwent a poetic evolution that led him from youthful poetry of a more romantic vein to later politically-engaged verses.

The group tried to bridge the gap between Spanish popular culture and folklore, classical literary tradition and European avant-gardes. It evolved from pure poetry, which emphasized music in poetry, in the vein of Baudelaire, to Futurism, Cubism, Ultraist and Creationism, to become influenced by Surrealism and finally to disperse in interior and exterior exile following the Civil War and World War II, which are sometimes gathered by historians under the term of the "European Civil War". The Generation of '27 made a frequent use of visionary images, free verses and the so-called impure poetry, supported by Pablo Neruda.

Members edit

In a restrictive sense, the Generation of '27 refers to ten authors, Jorge Guillén, Pedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti, Federico García Lorca, Dámaso Alonso, Gerardo Diego, Luis Cernuda, Vicente Aleixandre, Manuel Altolaguirre and Emilio Prados. However, many others were in their orbit, some older authors such as Fernando Villalón, José Moreno Villa or León Felipe, and other younger authors such as Miguel Hernández. Others have been forgotten by the critics, such as Juan Larrea, Pepe Alameda, Mauricio Bacarisse, Juan José Domenchina, José María Hinojosa, José Bergamín or Juan Gil-Albert. There is also the "Other generation of '27", a term coined by José López Rubio, formed by himself and humorist disciples of Ramón Gómez de la Serna, including: Enrique Jardiel Poncela, Edgar Neville, Miguel Mihura and Antonio de Lara, "Tono", writers who would integrate after the Civil War (1936–39) the editing board of La Codorniz.

Furthermore, the Generation of '27, as clearly reflected in the literary press of the period, was not exclusively restricted to poets, including artists such as Luis Buñuel, the caricaturist K-Hito, the surrealist painters Salvador Dalí and Óscar Domínguez, the painter and sculptor Maruja Mallo, as well as Benjamín Palencia, Gregorio Prieto, Manuel Ángeles Ortiz and Gabriel García Maroto, the toreros Ignacio Sánchez Mejías and Jesús Bal y Gay, musicologists and composers belonging to the Group of Eight, including Bal y Gay, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo Halffter, Juan José Mantecón, Julián Bautista, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga. There was also the Catalan Group who presented themselves in 1931 under the name of Grupo de Artistas Catalanes Independientes, including Roberto Gerhard, Baltasar Samper, Manuel Blancafort, Ricard Lamote de Grignon, Eduardo Toldrá and Federico Mompou.

Finally, not all literary works were written in Spanish: Salvador Dalí and Óscar Domínguez also wrote in French. Foreigners such as the Chilean poets Pablo Neruda and Vicente Huidobro, the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, and the Franco-Spanish painter Francis Picabia also shared much with the aesthetics of the Generation of '27.

The Generation of '27 was not exclusively located in Madrid, but rather deployed itself in a geographical constellation which maintained links together. The most important nuclei were in Sevilla, around the Mediodía review, Tenerife around the Gaceta de Arte, and Málaga around the Litoral review. Others members resided in Galicia, Catalonia and Valladolid.

The tendencies of '27 edit

The name "Generation of 1927" identifies poets that emerged around 1927, the 300th anniversary of the death of the Baroque poet Luis de Góngora y Argote to whom the poets paid homage. It sparked a brief flash of neo-Gongorism by outstanding poets like Rafael Alberti, Vicente Aleixandre, Dámaso Alonso, Luis Cernuda, Gerardo Diego and Federico García Lorca.

Spanish Civil War aftermath edit

The Spanish Civil War ended the movement: García Lorca was murdered, Miguel Hernandez died in jail and other writers (Rafael Alberti, Jose Bergamin, León Felipe, Luis Cernuda, Pedro Salinas, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Bacarisse) were forced into exile, although virtually all kept writing and publishing late throughout the 20th century.

Dámaso Alonso and Gerardo Diego were among those who reluctantly remained in Spain after the Francoists won and more or less reached agreements with the new authoritarian and traditionalist regime or even openly supported it, in the case of Diego. They evolved a lot, combining tradition and avant-garde, and mixing many different themes, from toreo to music to religious and existentialist disquiets, landscapes, etc. Others, such as Vicente Aleixandre and Juan Gil-Albert, simply ignored the new regime, taking the path of interior exile and guiding a new generation of poets.

However, for many Spaniards the harsh reality of Francoist Spain and its reactionary nature meant that the cerebral and aesthetic verses of the Generation of '27 did not connect with what was truly happening, a task that was handled more capably by the poets of the Generation of '50 and the social poets.

Statue edit

 

A statue dedicated to the Generation 27 Poets is now in Seville in Spain. The inscription on the monument translates as 'Seville The poets of the Generation of 27'

List of members edit

See also edit

External links edit

  • Archivo Virtual de la Edad de Plata
  • Residencia de estudiantes
  • Diccionario Bibliográfico de la poesía española del Siglo XX 2020-10-22 at the Wayback Machine

December 01, 2023
generation, group, musicians, entertainers, whose, high, risk, lifestyles, their, deaths, club, this, article, does, cite, sources, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sour. For the group of musicians and entertainers whose high risk lifestyles led to their deaths at age 27 see Club 27 This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Generation of 27 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Generation of 27 Spanish Generacion del 27 was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927 essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant garde forms of art and poetry Their first formal meeting took place in Seville in 1927 to mark the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque poet Luis de Gongora Writers and intellectuals paid homage at the Ateneo de Sevilla which retrospectively became the foundational act of the movement Contents 1 Terminology 2 Aesthetic style 3 Members 4 The tendencies of 27 5 Spanish Civil War aftermath 6 Statue 7 List of members 8 See also 9 External linksTerminology editThe Generation of 27 has also been called with lesser success Generation of the Dictatorship Generation of the Republic Generation Guillen Lorca Guillen being its oldest author and Lorca its youngest Generation of 1925 average publishing date of the first book of each author Generation of Avant Gardes Generation of Friendship etc According to Petersen generation group or a constellation are better terms which are not so much historically restricted as generation Aesthetic style editThe Generation of 27 cannot be neatly categorized stylistically because of the wide variety of genres and styles cultivated by its members Some members such as Jorge Guillen wrote in a style that has been loosely called jubilant and joyous and celebrated the instant others such as Rafael Alberti underwent a poetic evolution that led him from youthful poetry of a more romantic vein to later politically engaged verses The group tried to bridge the gap between Spanish popular culture and folklore classical literary tradition and European avant gardes It evolved from pure poetry which emphasized music in poetry in the vein of Baudelaire to Futurism Cubism Ultraist and Creationism to become influenced by Surrealism and finally to disperse in interior and exterior exile following the Civil War and World War II which are sometimes gathered by historians under the term of the European Civil War The Generation of 27 made a frequent use of visionary images free verses and the so called impure poetry supported by Pablo Neruda Members editIn a restrictive sense the Generation of 27 refers to ten authors Jorge Guillen Pedro Salinas Rafael Alberti Federico Garcia Lorca Damaso Alonso Gerardo Diego Luis Cernuda Vicente Aleixandre Manuel Altolaguirre and Emilio Prados However many others were in their orbit some older authors such as Fernando Villalon Jose Moreno Villa or Leon Felipe and other younger authors such as Miguel Hernandez Others have been forgotten by the critics such as Juan Larrea Pepe Alameda Mauricio Bacarisse Juan Jose Domenchina Jose Maria Hinojosa Jose Bergamin or Juan Gil Albert There is also the Other generation of 27 a term coined by Jose Lopez Rubio formed by himself and humorist disciples of Ramon Gomez de la Serna including Enrique Jardiel Poncela Edgar Neville Miguel Mihura and Antonio de Lara Tono writers who would integrate after the Civil War 1936 39 the editing board of La Codorniz Furthermore the Generation of 27 as clearly reflected in the literary press of the period was not exclusively restricted to poets including artists such as Luis Bunuel the caricaturist K Hito the surrealist painters Salvador Dali and oscar Dominguez the painter and sculptor Maruja Mallo as well as Benjamin Palencia Gregorio Prieto Manuel Angeles Ortiz and Gabriel Garcia Maroto the toreros Ignacio Sanchez Mejias and Jesus Bal y Gay musicologists and composers belonging to the Group of Eight including Bal y Gay Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo Halffter Juan Jose Mantecon Julian Bautista Fernando Remacha Rosa Garcia Ascot Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga There was also the Catalan Group who presented themselves in 1931 under the name of Grupo de Artistas Catalanes Independientes including Roberto Gerhard Baltasar Samper Manuel Blancafort Ricard Lamote de Grignon Eduardo Toldra and Federico Mompou Finally not all literary works were written in Spanish Salvador Dali and oscar Dominguez also wrote in French Foreigners such as the Chilean poets Pablo Neruda and Vicente Huidobro the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges and the Franco Spanish painter Francis Picabia also shared much with the aesthetics of the Generation of 27 The Generation of 27 was not exclusively located in Madrid but rather deployed itself in a geographical constellation which maintained links together The most important nuclei were in Sevilla around the Mediodia review Tenerife around the Gaceta de Arte and Malaga around the Litoral review Others members resided in Galicia Catalonia and Valladolid The tendencies of 27 editThe name Generation of 1927 identifies poets that emerged around 1927 the 300th anniversary of the death of the Baroque poet Luis de Gongora y Argote to whom the poets paid homage It sparked a brief flash of neo Gongorism by outstanding poets like Rafael Alberti Vicente Aleixandre Damaso Alonso Luis Cernuda Gerardo Diego and Federico Garcia Lorca Spanish Civil War aftermath editThe Spanish Civil War ended the movement Garcia Lorca was murdered Miguel Hernandez died in jail and other writers Rafael Alberti Jose Bergamin Leon Felipe Luis Cernuda Pedro Salinas Juan Ramon Jimenez Bacarisse were forced into exile although virtually all kept writing and publishing late throughout the 20th century Damaso Alonso and Gerardo Diego were among those who reluctantly remained in Spain after the Francoists won and more or less reached agreements with the new authoritarian and traditionalist regime or even openly supported it in the case of Diego They evolved a lot combining tradition and avant garde and mixing many different themes from toreo to music to religious and existentialist disquiets landscapes etc Others such as Vicente Aleixandre and Juan Gil Albert simply ignored the new regime taking the path of interior exile and guiding a new generation of poets However for many Spaniards the harsh reality of Francoist Spain and its reactionary nature meant that the cerebral and aesthetic verses of the Generation of 27 did not connect with what was truly happening a task that was handled more capably by the poets of the Generation of 50 and the social poets Statue edit nbsp A statue dedicated to the Generation 27 Poets is now in Seville in Spain The inscription on the monument translates as Seville The poets of the Generation of 27 List of members editRafael Alberti 1902 1999 Vicente Aleixandre 1898 1984 Amado Alonso 1897 1952 Damaso Alonso 1898 1990 Manuel Altolaguirre 1905 1959 Francisco Ayala 1906 2009 Mauricio Bacarisse 1895 1931 Jose Bello 1904 2008 Rogelio Buendia 1891 1969 Alejandro Casona 1903 1965 Juan Cazador 1899 1956 Luis Cernuda 1902 1963 Juan Chabas 1900 1954 Ernestina de Champourcin 1905 1999 Gerardo Diego 1896 1987 Juan Jose Domenchina 1898 1959 Antonio Espina 1894 1972 Agustin Espinosa 1897 1939 Leon Felipe 1884 1968 Agustin de Foxa 1903 1959 Pedro Garcia Cabrera 1905 1981 Federico Garcia Lorca 1898 1936 Pedro Garfias 1901 1967 Juan Gil Albert 1904 1994 Ernesto Gimenez Caballero 1899 1988 Jorge Guillen 1893 1984 Emeterio Gutierrez Albelo 1905 1937 Miguel Hernandez 1910 1942 Jose Maria Hinojosa 1904 1936 Enrique Jardiel Poncela 1901 1952 Rafael Laffon 1895 1978 Antonio de Lara 1896 1978 Juan Larrea 1895 1980 Jose Lopez Rubio 1903 1996 Jose Maria Luelmo 1904 1991 Francisco Madrid 1900 1952 Maruja Mallo 1902 1995 Paulino Masip 1899 1963 Concha Mendez 1898 1986 Miguel Mihura 1905 1977 Edgar Neville 1899 1967 Antonio Oliver 1903 1968 Pedro Perez Clotet 1902 1966 Rafael Porlan 1899 1945 Emilio Prados 1899 1962 Joaquin Romero Murube 1904 1969 Pedro Salinas 1891 1951 Guillermo de Torre 1900 1971 Jose Maria Souviron 1904 1973 Miguel Valdivieso 1897 1966 Fernando Villalon 1881 1930 See also editCreacionismo 1927 in poetry Generation of 36 Generacion del 45 Generation of 50 Spanish poetry Lost GenerationExternal links editArchivo Virtual de la Edad de Plata Residencia de estudiantes Diccionario Bibliografico de la poesia espanola del Siglo XX Archived 2020 10 22 at the Wayback Machine La Generacion musical del 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Generation of 2727 amp oldid 1186953672, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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