Gazi Hüseyin Pasha ("Hüseyin Pasha the Warrior"; died 1659), also known as Deli Hüseyin Pasha ("the Mad") or Sarı Hüseyin Pasha ("the Blonde") or Baltaoğlu Hüseyin Pasha ("of the Axe"), was an Ottoman military officer and statesman. He was governor of Egypt (1635–1637),[1][2]Kapudan Pasha in the 1630s, and briefly Grand Vizier in 1656.
Hüseyin was of Turkish origin[3][4] and was born in Yenişehir near Bursa in northwest Anatolia.[5] Other than that, little is known about his early days in Constantinople (present İstanbul), the Ottoman capital. During the reign of Sultan Murad IV, he was a member of palace staff. The Shah Safi of Persia had sent Murad IV a prestigious gift, a bow which was reputed as being undrawable. Hüseyin attracted attention when he easily drew the bow. After winning sultan's appreciation, he was promoted to various posts: chief stable man, governor of Silistria in (now in modern Bulgaria), beylerbey (high governor) of Egypt, beylerbey of Anatolia, Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral), etc. He participated in campaigns around Baghdad in modern Iraq (Capture of Baghdad (1638)) and Yerevan (now in modern Armenia). During the reign of Sultan Ibrahim, he served in various European provinces as a governor, and in 1646, he became the governor of Chania, Crete (now in Greece).
Governor of Egypt
Hüseyin Pasha was appointed the governor ofEgypt Eyalet in 1635, succeeding Bakırcı Ahmed Pasha and serving until 1637.[6][1][2][7] He was reportedly a cruel and violent governor who murdered for sport.[8] From the very first day of his arrival in Egypt, when he confiscated his finance minister and advisors' temporary tents for his own, Hüseyin Pasha began a series of actions that made him widely disliked by the local populace.[7] He brought with him to Egypt a large number of Druzes, who committed robberies in Cairo, the capital, and his men extorted money from the locals for an upcoming feast celebrating his arrival.[7] Hüseyin Pasha was also involved in stealing wealthy locals' inheritances, so much so that it became a reliable way to exact revenge on an enemy by reporting to the Pasha that he or she had received an inheritance from a relative.[8] He also often reportedly rode a horse through crowds of people and animals, swinging a sword, for recreation.[8] Each month, he forced locals to trade in their bullion coin for adulterated metal and sent bureaucrats and officials to remote locations for sport.[8] During his rule, he had over 1,200 people executed, not including those that he killed by his own hand.[9]
Despite his cruelty, Hüseyin Pasha was an able commander and leader of the local troops, which was a particularly difficult task in Egypt.[10] He was attentive to government details in the divan and successfully decreased robbery and burglary in Egypt.[10]
After his dismissal from office in 1637,[6]Sultan Murad IV demanded of him an audit of the Egyptian provincial treasury and public revenues, and for him to pay what he owed to the treasury. When he refused, the kaymakam (acting governor) who replaced him until the arrival of his successor jailed Hüseyin, and he was freed only when he paid a large sum.[10]
After Egypt
During the Baghdat Campaign of Murad IV he was successful in capturing several forts. Sultan forgave him and appointed him as a member of his divan. He later on was appointed as the admiral of the Ottoman fleet. He was able to capture 30 corsair galleys in the Black sea. His next missions were in Ochakiv (now in Ukrania), Baghdad and Budapest.
Cretan War
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha's proposal for the construction of a mosque and a teacher's house in Heraklion
Conquest of the Aegean island Crete from Venice was uncharacteristically trying for Ottoman Empire. While the Ottoman Empire was in stagnation, the military and naval technology of the Europeans was on the rise. Although Chania, a major Cretan city, had been captured in 1645, the rest of the island, especially Heraklion, was able to resist the Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire was unable to send reinforcements to Crete because the strait of Dardanelles (Çanakkale) was blocked by the Venetian navy. (see Cretan War (1645–1669))
Thus, the Ottoman army in Crete was deadlocked. Even under these circumstances, Hüseyin captured several forts including Rethymno[11] and laid a siege to Heraklion. He also reconstructed many buildings and the fort of Chania. Sultan Mehmed IV promoted him to be the Grand Vizier on 28 February 1656.[12]
However he never exercised the post. Long before Huseyin's return to Constantinople, the sultan changed his mind and appointed Hüseyin's rival Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha as grand vizier on 6 March 1656 (although Zurnazen's term was even shorter than that of Hüseyin).
Later years
Hüseyin was assigned to be the beylerbey (governor) of Rumeli, a post inferior to that of grand vizier, but superior to those of the beylerbeys of other provinces. Nevertheless, the new grand vizier Köprülü Mehmet Pasha was afraid of Hüseyin's prestige.[13] He called Hüseyin to Constantinople and persuaded the sultan to jail and later to execute Hüseyin in 1659.
^ abSüreyya, Bey Mehmet, Nuri Akbayar, and Seyit Ali. Kahraman. Sicill-i Osmanî. Beşiktaş, İstanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı Ile Türkiye Ekonomik Ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı'nın Ortak Yayınıdır, 1890. Print.
^ abYılmaz Öztuna (1994). Büyük Osmanlı Tarihi: Osmanlı Devleti'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. Vol. 10. Ötüken Neşriyat A.S. pp. 412–416. ISBN975-437-141-5.
^İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 41. (in Turkish)
^Afyoncu, Erhan (2005). Osmanlı'nın hayaleti. Yeditepe. p. 36. ISBN9789756480403. Turkish: [...] Ali Paşa, 1637'de Bayram Paşa, 1638'de Tayyar Mehmed Paşa, 1656'da Deli Hüseyin Paşa ve Boynueğri Mehmed Paşa gibi Türk kökenli veziriazamlar vardı. (English: [...] there were grand viziers of Turkish origin such as Ali Pasha, Bayram Pasha in 1637, Tayyar Mehmed Pasha in 1638, Deli Hüseyin Pasha in 1656 and Boynueğri Mehmed Pasha.)
^Fahri Ayanoğlu, Ibrahim Akkaya (2009). Osmanlı imparatorluğu'ndan günümüze denizlerimizin âmirleri derya kaptanları, bahriye nazırları ve deniz kuvvetleri komutanları. Deniz Basımevi Müdürlüğü. p. 47. ISBN9789754095586. Turkish: Öz be öz Türk olan Deli Hüseyin Paşa, Anadolu'nun Yenişehir (Bursa) [...] (English: Deli Hüseyin Pasha, who was a true Turk, was born in Yenişehir (Bursa) in Anatolia [...]){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ abHolt, P. M. (2009). "The Exalted Lineage of Ridwān Bey: Some Observations on a Seventeenth-Century Mamluk Genealogy". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 22 (2): 221–235. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00068671. ISSN 0041-977X. S2CID 162576644.
^ abcAccounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 83.
^ abcdAccounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 84.
^Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. pp. 84, 85.
^ abcAccounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 85.
^Joseph von Hammer: Osmanlı Tarihi cilt II (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p 238
^Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 139-145
^Mevlüt Uluğtekin Yılmaz: Osmanlı'nın Arka Bahçesi, MUY Yayınları, Ankara, ISBN975-94405-0-4 pp 162-164
gazi, hüseyin, pasha, this, ottoman, turkish, style, name, given, name, hüseyin, title, pasha, there, family, name, hüseyin, pasha, warrior, died, 1659, also, known, deli, hüseyin, pasha, sarı, hüseyin, pasha, blonde, baltaoğlu, hüseyin, pasha, ottoman, milita. In this Ottoman Turkish style name the given name is Huseyin the title is Pasha and there is no family name Gazi Huseyin Pasha Huseyin Pasha the Warrior died 1659 also known as Deli Huseyin Pasha the Mad or Sari Huseyin Pasha the Blonde or Baltaoglu Huseyin Pasha of the Axe was an Ottoman military officer and statesman He was governor of Egypt 1635 1637 1 2 Kapudan Pasha in the 1630s and briefly Grand Vizier in 1656 Gazi Deli Sari BaltaogluHuseyinPashaIdeal portrait of Gazi Huseyin Pasha on a 20th century book coverGrand Vizier of the Ottoman EmpireIn office 28 February 1656 5 March 1656MonarchMehmed IVPreceded byErmeni Suleyman PashaSucceeded byZurnazen Mustafa PashaOttoman Governor of EgyptIn office 1635 1637MonarchMurad IVPreceded byBakirci Ahmed PashaSucceeded bySultanzade Mehmed PashaPersonal detailsBornYenisehir Ottoman EmpireDied1659Constantinople Ottoman EmpireNationalityOttomanOriginsTurkishMilitary serviceAllegiance Ottoman EmpireBranch service Ottoman NavyRankKapudan Pasha grand admiral Never exercised the office of grand vizier Contents 1 Background 2 Governor of Egypt 3 After Egypt 4 Cretan War 5 Later years 6 See also 7 ReferencesBackground EditHuseyin was of Turkish origin 3 4 and was born in Yenisehir near Bursa in northwest Anatolia 5 Other than that little is known about his early days in Constantinople present Istanbul the Ottoman capital During the reign of Sultan Murad IV he was a member of palace staff The Shah Safi of Persia had sent Murad IV a prestigious gift a bow which was reputed as being undrawable Huseyin attracted attention when he easily drew the bow After winning sultan s appreciation he was promoted to various posts chief stable man governor of Silistria in now in modern Bulgaria beylerbey high governor of Egypt beylerbey of Anatolia Kapudan Pasha grand admiral etc He participated in campaigns around Baghdad in modern Iraq Capture of Baghdad 1638 and Yerevan now in modern Armenia During the reign of Sultan Ibrahim he served in various European provinces as a governor and in 1646 he became the governor of Chania Crete now in Greece Governor of Egypt EditHuseyin Pasha was appointed the governor of Egypt Eyalet in 1635 succeeding Bakirci Ahmed Pasha and serving until 1637 6 1 2 7 He was reportedly a cruel and violent governor who murdered for sport 8 From the very first day of his arrival in Egypt when he confiscated his finance minister and advisors temporary tents for his own Huseyin Pasha began a series of actions that made him widely disliked by the local populace 7 He brought with him to Egypt a large number of Druzes who committed robberies in Cairo the capital and his men extorted money from the locals for an upcoming feast celebrating his arrival 7 Huseyin Pasha was also involved in stealing wealthy locals inheritances so much so that it became a reliable way to exact revenge on an enemy by reporting to the Pasha that he or she had received an inheritance from a relative 8 He also often reportedly rode a horse through crowds of people and animals swinging a sword for recreation 8 Each month he forced locals to trade in their bullion coin for adulterated metal and sent bureaucrats and officials to remote locations for sport 8 During his rule he had over 1 200 people executed not including those that he killed by his own hand 9 Despite his cruelty Huseyin Pasha was an able commander and leader of the local troops which was a particularly difficult task in Egypt 10 He was attentive to government details in the divan and successfully decreased robbery and burglary in Egypt 10 After his dismissal from office in 1637 6 Sultan Murad IV demanded of him an audit of the Egyptian provincial treasury and public revenues and for him to pay what he owed to the treasury When he refused the kaymakam acting governor who replaced him until the arrival of his successor jailed Huseyin and he was freed only when he paid a large sum 10 After Egypt EditDuring the Baghdat Campaign of Murad IV he was successful in capturing several forts Sultan forgave him and appointed him as a member of his divan He later on was appointed as the admiral of the Ottoman fleet He was able to capture 30 corsair galleys in the Black sea His next missions were in Ochakiv now in Ukrania Baghdad and Budapest Cretan War Edit Gazi Huseyin Pasha s proposal for the construction of a mosque and a teacher s house in Heraklion Main article Cretan War 1645 1669 Conquest of the Aegean island Crete from Venice was uncharacteristically trying for Ottoman Empire While the Ottoman Empire was in stagnation the military and naval technology of the Europeans was on the rise Although Chania a major Cretan city had been captured in 1645 the rest of the island especially Heraklion was able to resist the Ottomans The Ottoman Empire was unable to send reinforcements to Crete because the strait of Dardanelles Canakkale was blocked by the Venetian navy see Cretan War 1645 1669 Thus the Ottoman army in Crete was deadlocked Even under these circumstances Huseyin captured several forts including Rethymno 11 and laid a siege to Heraklion He also reconstructed many buildings and the fort of Chania Sultan Mehmed IV promoted him to be the Grand Vizier on 28 February 1656 12 However he never exercised the post Long before Huseyin s return to Constantinople the sultan changed his mind and appointed Huseyin s rival Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha as grand vizier on 6 March 1656 although Zurnazen s term was even shorter than that of Huseyin Later years EditHuseyin was assigned to be the beylerbey governor of Rumeli a post inferior to that of grand vizier but superior to those of the beylerbeys of other provinces Nevertheless the new grand vizier Koprulu Mehmet Pasha was afraid of Huseyin s prestige 13 He called Huseyin to Constantinople and persuaded the sultan to jail and later to execute Huseyin in 1659 See also EditList of Ottoman Grand Viziers List of Kapudan Pashas List of Ottoman governors of EgyptReferences Edit a b Sureyya Bey Mehmet Nuri Akbayar and Seyit Ali Kahraman Sicill i Osmani Besiktas Istanbul Kultur Bakanligi Ile Turkiye Ekonomik Ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfi nin Ortak Yayinidir 1890 Print a b Yilmaz Oztuna 1994 Buyuk Osmanli Tarihi Osmanli Devleti nin siyasi medeni kultur teskilat ve san at tarihi Vol 10 Otuken Nesriyat A S pp 412 416 ISBN 975 437 141 5 Ismail Hami Danismend Osmanli Devlet Erkani Turkiye Yayinevi Istanbul 1971 p 41 in Turkish Afyoncu Erhan 2005 Osmanli nin hayaleti Yeditepe p 36 ISBN 9789756480403 Turkish Ali Pasa 1637 de Bayram Pasa 1638 de Tayyar Mehmed Pasa 1656 da Deli Huseyin Pasa ve Boynuegri Mehmed Pasa gibi Turk kokenli veziriazamlar vardi English there were grand viziers of Turkish origin such as Ali Pasha Bayram Pasha in 1637 Tayyar Mehmed Pasha in 1638 Deli Huseyin Pasha in 1656 and Boynuegri Mehmed Pasha Fahri Ayanoglu Ibrahim Akkaya 2009 Osmanli imparatorlugu ndan gunumuze denizlerimizin amirleri derya kaptanlari bahriye nazirlari ve deniz kuvvetleri komutanlari Deniz Basimevi Mudurlugu p 47 ISBN 9789754095586 Turkish Oz be oz Turk olan Deli Huseyin Pasa Anadolu nun Yenisehir Bursa English Deli Huseyin Pasha who was a true Turk was born in Yenisehir Bursa in Anatolia a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link a b Holt P M 2009 The Exalted Lineage of Ridwan Bey Some Observations on a Seventeenth Century Mamluk Genealogy Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 22 2 221 235 doi 10 1017 S0041977X00068671 ISSN 0041 977X S2CID 162576644 a b c Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France Vol 2 R Faulder 1789 p 83 a b c d Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France Vol 2 R Faulder 1789 p 84 Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France Vol 2 R Faulder 1789 pp 84 85 a b c Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France Vol 2 R Faulder 1789 p 85 Joseph von Hammer Osmanli Tarihi cilt II condensation Abdulkadir Karahan Milliyet yayinlari Istanbul p 238 Prof Yasar Yuce Prof Ali Sevim Turkiye tarihi Cilt III AKDTYKTTK Yayinlari Istanbul 1991 p 139 145 Mevlut Ulugtekin Yilmaz Osmanli nin Arka Bahcesi MUY Yayinlari Ankara ISBN 975 94405 0 4 pp 162 164 Political officesPreceded byBakirci Ahmed Pasha Ottoman Governor of Egypt1635 1637 Succeeded bySultanzade Mehmed PashaPreceded byErmeni Suleyman Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire28 February 1656 5 March 1656 Succeeded byZurnazen Mustafa Pasha Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gazi Huseyin Pasha amp oldid 1117244898, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
