The primary purpose of the mission was to study the structure and dynamics of the tail region of the magnetosphere with a comprehensive set of scientific instruments. For this purpose, the orbit has been designed to cover the magnetotail over a wide range of distances: 8 R🜨 to 210 R🜨 from the Earth. This orbit also allowed it to study the boundary region of the magnetosphere as it skims the magnetopause at perigees. In the first two years the double lunar swing-by technique was used to keep apogees in the distant magnetotail. This involved 14 lunar flybys.[2]
In 1993 the computer that controls the Low Energy Particles experiment locked up.[2] Attempts to reset it failed.[2] This problem was solved by changing the trajectory of the craft during a lunar flyby that took place on 26 September 1993 so that it passed through the shadow of the Moon.[2] Power from the batteries was cut while this took place.[2] When the craft left the shadow of the Moon, power returned and the computer started working again.[2]
The apogee was lowered down to 50 R🜨 in mid November 1994 and then to 30 R🜨 in February 1995 in order to study substorm processes in the near-Earth tail region. The present orbit is 9 R🜨 × 30 R🜨 with an inclination of -7° to the ecliptic plane."
Geotail instruments studied electric fields, magnetic fields, plasmas, energetic particles, and plasma waves.[3]
In 1994 the principal investigator of the Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI), the experiment complement, was Professor Hiroshi Matsumoto of Kyoto University, with co-investigators from NASA, the University of Iowa, and STX Corporation.[4] Geotail is an active mission as of 2021[update].[5] Geotail, WIND, Polar, SOHO, and Cluster were all part of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Science Initiative (ISTP) project.[5]
In June 2022, the second and final of Geotail's two data recorders failed, jeopardizing science observation.[6] It was decided to terminate the operation, and the spacecraft was deactivated on 28 November 2022.[7]
Geotail data has been used to show that flux transfer events move faster than the ambient medium through the Magnetosphere.[8] Those within the Magnetosheath were shown to move both faster and slower than the ambient medium.[8]
During the lunar flybys Geotail identified oxygen, silicon, sodium and aluminium in the lunar atmosphere.[2]
geotail, satellite, that, observed, earth, magnetosphere, developed, japan, isas, association, with, united, states, nasa, launched, delta, rocket, july, 1992, from, cape, canaveral, force, station, satellite, artist, concept, mission, typeearth, observationop. Geotail was a satellite that observed the Earth s magnetosphere It was developed by Japan s ISAS in association with the United States NASA and was launched by a Delta II rocket on 24 July 1992 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station GeotailGeotail satellite artist s concept Mission typeEarth observationOperatorISAS NASACOSPAR ID1992 044ASATCAT no 22049Websitewww wbr stp wbr isas wbr jaxa wbr jp wbr geotail wbr Mission duration30 years 4 months 4 daysSpacecraft propertiesLaunch mass980 kg 2 160 lb Power273 0 wattsStart of missionLaunch date24 July 1992 14 26 00 1992 07 24UTC14 26Z UTCRocketDelta II 6925Launch siteCape Canaveral LC 17AEnd of missionDisposalDecommisionedDeactivated28 November 2022Orbital parametersReference systemGeocentricRegimeHEOSemi major axis127 367 75 km 79 142 65 mi 1 Eccentricity0 5469845 1 Perigee altitude51 328 km 31 894 mi 1 Apogee altitude190 664 km 118 473 mi 1 Inclination10 51 degrees 1 Period7539 86 minutes 1 Epoch15 January 2015 13 40 53 UTC 1 The primary purpose of the mission was to study the structure and dynamics of the tail region of the magnetosphere with a comprehensive set of scientific instruments For this purpose the orbit has been designed to cover the magnetotail over a wide range of distances 8 R to 210 R from the Earth This orbit also allowed it to study the boundary region of the magnetosphere as it skims the magnetopause at perigees In the first two years the double lunar swing by technique was used to keep apogees in the distant magnetotail This involved 14 lunar flybys 2 In 1993 the computer that controls the Low Energy Particles experiment locked up 2 Attempts to reset it failed 2 This problem was solved by changing the trajectory of the craft during a lunar flyby that took place on 26 September 1993 so that it passed through the shadow of the Moon 2 Power from the batteries was cut while this took place 2 When the craft left the shadow of the Moon power returned and the computer started working again 2 The apogee was lowered down to 50 R in mid November 1994 and then to 30 R in February 1995 in order to study substorm processes in the near Earth tail region The present orbit is 9 R 30 R with an inclination of 7 to the ecliptic plane Geotail instruments studied electric fields magnetic fields plasmas energetic particles and plasma waves 3 In 1994 the principal investigator of the Plasma Wave Instrument PWI the experiment complement was Professor Hiroshi Matsumoto of Kyoto University with co investigators from NASA the University of Iowa and STX Corporation 4 Geotail is an active mission as of 2021 update 5 Geotail WIND Polar SOHO and Cluster were all part of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics Science Initiative ISTP project 5 In June 2022 the second and final of Geotail s two data recorders failed jeopardizing science observation 6 It was decided to terminate the operation and the spacecraft was deactivated on 28 November 2022 7 Contents 1 Discoveries 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksDiscoveries editGeotail data has been used to show that flux transfer events move faster than the ambient medium through the Magnetosphere 8 Those within the Magnetosheath were shown to move both faster and slower than the ambient medium 8 During the lunar flybys Geotail identified oxygen silicon sodium and aluminium in the lunar atmosphere 2 See also edit nbsp Spaceflight portal International Solar Terrestrial Physics Science Initiative Tom KrimigisReferences edit a b c d e f g GEOTAIL Satellite details 1992 044A NORAD 22049 N2YO 15 January 2015 Retrieved 25 January 2015 a b c d e f g Ulivi Paolo Harland David M 2004 Lunar Exploration Human Pioneers and Robot Surveyors Springer pp 256 257 ISBN 185233746X Instruments of the Geotail Spacecraft Archived from the original on 3 September 2012 The Geotail Plasma Wave Instrument www pw physics uiowa edu Retrieved 19 October 2014 a b Geotail Science Mission Directorate science nasa gov NASA s Geotail Mission Experiences an Anomaly The Sun Spot blogs nasa gov 17 October 2022 GEOTAIL ends after over 30 years of observational operations ISAS JAXA 28 November 2022 Retrieved 28 November 2022 a b Korotova G I Sibeck D G Rosenberg T 2009 Geotail observations of FTE velocities PDF Annales Geophysicae 27 1 Copernicus Publications 83 92 Bibcode 2009AnGeo 27 83K doi 10 5194 angeo 27 83 2009 Retrieved 26 April 2015 External links editJAXA Magnetospheric Observation Satellite GEOTAIL Archived 30 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine GEOTAIL Magnetosphere Tail Observation Satellite Spacecraft NASA Polar Wind and Geotail Projects Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Geotail amp oldid 1224513107, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
