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Frithiof's Saga

May 08, 2024

For the name, see Fritiof (disambiguation).

Frithiof's Saga (Icelandic: Friðþjófs saga hins frœkna) is a legendary saga from Iceland which in its present form is from ca. 1300. It is a continuation from The Saga of Thorstein Víkingsson (Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar). It takes place principally in Norway during the 8th century.[1]

Title page of Frithiofs Saga
a paraphrase by Esaias Tegnér (1876).

Synopsis edit

 
Ingeborg
Peter Nicolai Arbo

King Beli of Sogn (a traditional district in Western Norway) had two sons and a daughter named Ingeborg. Helgi was his first son, and Halfdan his second. On the other side of the fjord, lived the king's friend Thorstein (Þorsteinn Víkingsson) whose son Frithjof (Friðþjófr) was called the bold (hinn frœkni). Frithiof was the tallest, strongest and he was the bravest among men.

When the king's children were but young their mother died. A goodman of Sogn named Hilding (Hildingr), prayed to have the king's daughter to foster. Frithjof was the foster-brother to the king's daughter as he was also raised together with Ingeborg (Ingibjörg) by their foster-father Hilding.

Both Beli and Þorsteinn died in war whereupon Helgi and Halfdan took over the kingdom. The two kings were jealous of Frithjof's excellent qualities and so they denied him Ingeborg's hand. They took her to Baldr's sacred enclosure Baldrshagi where no one dared hurt another and where no woman and man had intercourse. Still Frithjof visited Ingeborg and they continued to love each other. This caused Helgi and Halfdan to send Frithjof away to Orkney to take tribute and while he was away they burnt down his homestead and married Ingeborg to King Ring, the aged king of Ringerike.[2]

When Frithjof returned with the tribute, he burnt down Baldr's temple in Baldrshagi and went away to live as a Viking. After three years, he came to King Ring and spent the winter with him. Just before the old king died, Frithjof's identity was apparent to everybody and so the dying king appointed Frithjof earl and made him the care-taker of Ring's and Ingeborg's child.

When Ring had died, Frithjof and Ingeborg married and he became the king of Ringerike. Then he declared war on Ingeborg's brothers, killed one of them and made the second one his vassal.

Frithiof's Saga in translation edit

Frithiof's Saga had first been translated into Swedish in 1737. In 1820, Swedish writer Esaias Tegnér published a partial paraphrase in form of epic poetry in Iduna, the journal of the Geatish Society. In 1822, he composed five more cantos. In 1825 he published the entire poem Frithiof's Saga. Even before it was completed, it was famous throughout Europe; the aged Johann Wolfgang von Goethe took up his pen to commend to his countrymen this alte, kraftige, gigantischbarbarische Dichtart ("old, mighty, gigantic-barbaric style of verse"), and desired Amalie von Imhoff to translate it into German. This romantic paraphrase of an ancient saga was composed in twenty-four cantos, all using different poetic forms.

Statue of Fridtjof edit

 
Statue of Fridtjof
Max Unger (1913)

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany had a statue of Fridtjof raised in the village of Vangsnes in Vik in the county of Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. The Statue of Fridtjof (Fridtjof den frøkne) is a landmark which towers 22.5 metres (74 ft) over the hilltop. It stands in a park overlooking the Sognefjord. The statue was sculpted by the German sculptor and art professor Max Unger (1854–1918) and was erected in July 1913.[3][4] Wilhelm II also ordered in 1890 that a coastal defense ship be named Frithjof after the Norse hero.[5]

Frithiof's Saga in music edit

Frithjof's Saga was used as an inspiration by several composers. Examples include:

  • Max Bruch's cantata Frithjof, opus 23, from 1864 – the first musical piece dedicated to the saga.
  • The symphonic poem Frithjof (cataloged as his WoO 7) by Felix Draeseke. Although begun in 1859 it was completed in 1865. It is his first major orchestral work and takes over 40 minutes to perform.
  • The Frithjof Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 22 (1874), by the German composer Heinrich Hofmann (not to be confused with the identically named and contemporaneous German painter). Arguably the most famous use of the saga in music, this piece was one of the most-played pieces in European concert halls at the end of the 19th century.
  • The symphonic poem Fritjof's Meeresfahrt, opus 5 (1884), by the Dutch composer Johan Wagenaar.
  • The opera Frithiof from 1892 by Théodore Dubois. Its overture has been recorded.
  • The opera Fritjof (1895) by the Dutch composer Cornelis Dopper. It was never performed.
  • Swedish composer Elfrida Andrée wrote an opera to a libretto by Selma Lagerlöf based on the poem, also called Frithjof's Saga; it was never performed publicly, but selections from the opera received a private hearing in 1898. In the manuscript score of the work, two arias and a chorus are translated into German, suggesting that Andrée may have sought their performance for a German audience. Andrée reworked music from the opera into a five-movement suite, Fritiov-svit that has seen performance as recently as 1995 in Sweden and was recorded on CD.

References edit

  1. ^ Fridtjofs saga (Store norske leksikon)
  2. ^ Sirvent, J. (1950). Fridtjof. El Vikingo del amor. Leyenda escandinava. Barcelona: Ediciones G.P. pp. 19, 22–23.
  3. ^ Fridtjofstatuen (NRK Sogn og Fjordane)
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
  5. ^ Gröner, Erich (1990). German warships, 1815-1945. Dieter Jung, Martin Maass. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-87021-790-9. OCLC 22101769.

Further reading edit

  • ( translated by Eiríkr Magnússon and William Morris. Cambridge, Ontario: Old Norse Series. 2000)
  • The Sagas of Fridthjof the Bold (Ben Waggoner, The Troth. 2009) ISBN 978-0-557-24020-3
  • Viking Tales of the North: the Sagas of Thorstein, Viking's Son and Fridthjof the Bold. Translated by Rasmus B. Anderson and Jón Bjarnason. Honolulu (Hawaii): University Press of the Pacific, 2002. The Saga of Fridthjof the Bold: pp. 75–111. ISBN 0-89875-954-4

External links edit

  • Original version:
    • Friðþjófs saga ins frækna in Old Norse from Heimskringla.no
    • Friðþjófs Saga Ins Frækna in Old Norse
  • Esaias Tegnér version:
    • Fritiofs Saga at Project Gutenberg (Swedish with English introduction & notes by Andrew A. Stomberg)
    • Fridthjof's Saga at Project Gutenberg (English translation by Thomas & Martha Holcomb)
  • The Story of Frithiof the Bold at Project Gutenberg translation by acclaimed fantasy writer William Morris and Cambridge scholar Eiríkur Magnússon

May 08, 2024
frithiof, saga, name, fritiof, disambiguation, icelandic, friðþjófs, saga, hins, frœkna, legendary, saga, from, iceland, which, present, form, from, 1300, continuation, from, saga, thorstein, víkingsson, Þorsteins, saga, víkingssonar, takes, place, principally. For the name see Fritiof disambiguation Frithiof s Saga Icelandic Fridthjofs saga hins frœkna is a legendary saga from Iceland which in its present form is from ca 1300 It is a continuation from The Saga of Thorstein Vikingsson THorsteins saga Vikingssonar It takes place principally in Norway during the 8th century 1 Title page of Frithiofs Saga a paraphrase by Esaias Tegner 1876 Contents 1 Synopsis 2 Frithiof s Saga in translation 3 Statue of Fridtjof 4 Frithiof s Saga in music 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksSynopsis edit nbsp Ingeborg Peter Nicolai Arbo King Beli of Sogn a traditional district in Western Norway had two sons and a daughter named Ingeborg Helgi was his first son and Halfdan his second On the other side of the fjord lived the king s friend Thorstein THorsteinn Vikingsson whose son Frithjof Fridthjofr was called the bold hinn frœkni Frithiof was the tallest strongest and he was the bravest among men When the king s children were but young their mother died A goodman of Sogn named Hilding Hildingr prayed to have the king s daughter to foster Frithjof was the foster brother to the king s daughter as he was also raised together with Ingeborg Ingibjorg by their foster father Hilding Both Beli and THorsteinn died in war whereupon Helgi and Halfdan took over the kingdom The two kings were jealous of Frithjof s excellent qualities and so they denied him Ingeborg s hand They took her to Baldr s sacred enclosure Baldrshagi where no one dared hurt another and where no woman and man had intercourse Still Frithjof visited Ingeborg and they continued to love each other This caused Helgi and Halfdan to send Frithjof away to Orkney to take tribute and while he was away they burnt down his homestead and married Ingeborg to King Ring the aged king of Ringerike 2 When Frithjof returned with the tribute he burnt down Baldr s temple in Baldrshagi and went away to live as a Viking After three years he came to King Ring and spent the winter with him Just before the old king died Frithjof s identity was apparent to everybody and so the dying king appointed Frithjof earl and made him the care taker of Ring s and Ingeborg s child When Ring had died Frithjof and Ingeborg married and he became the king of Ringerike Then he declared war on Ingeborg s brothers killed one of them and made the second one his vassal Frithiof s Saga in translation editFrithiof s Saga had first been translated into Swedish in 1737 In 1820 Swedish writer Esaias Tegner published a partial paraphrase in form of epic poetry in Iduna the journal of the Geatish Society In 1822 he composed five more cantos In 1825 he published the entire poem Frithiof s Saga Even before it was completed it was famous throughout Europe the aged Johann Wolfgang von Goethe took up his pen to commend to his countrymen this alte kraftige gigantischbarbarische Dichtart old mighty gigantic barbaric style of verse and desired Amalie von Imhoff to translate it into German This romantic paraphrase of an ancient saga was composed in twenty four cantos all using different poetic forms Statue of Fridtjof edit nbsp Statue of Fridtjof Max Unger 1913 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany had a statue of Fridtjof raised in the village of Vangsnes in Vik in the county of Sogn og Fjordane Norway The Statue of Fridtjof Fridtjof den frokne is a landmark which towers 22 5 metres 74 ft over the hilltop It stands in a park overlooking the Sognefjord The statue was sculpted by the German sculptor and art professor Max Unger 1854 1918 and was erected in July 1913 3 4 Wilhelm II also ordered in 1890 that a coastal defense ship be named Frithjof after the Norse hero 5 Frithiof s Saga in music editFrithjof s Saga was used as an inspiration by several composers Examples include Max Bruch s cantata Frithjof opus 23 from 1864 the first musical piece dedicated to the saga The symphonic poem Frithjof cataloged as his WoO 7 by Felix Draeseke Although begun in 1859 it was completed in 1865 It is his first major orchestral work and takes over 40 minutes to perform The Frithjof Symphony in E flat major Op 22 1874 by the German composer Heinrich Hofmann not to be confused with the identically named and contemporaneous German painter Arguably the most famous use of the saga in music this piece was one of the most played pieces in European concert halls at the end of the 19th century The symphonic poem Fritjof s Meeresfahrt opus 5 1884 by the Dutch composer Johan Wagenaar The opera Frithiof from 1892 by Theodore Dubois Its overture has been recorded The opera Fritjof 1895 by the Dutch composer Cornelis Dopper It was never performed Swedish composer Elfrida Andree wrote an opera to a libretto by Selma Lagerlof based on the poem also called Frithjof s Saga it was never performed publicly but selections from the opera received a private hearing in 1898 In the manuscript score of the work two arias and a chorus are translated into German suggesting that Andree may have sought their performance for a German audience Andree reworked music from the opera into a five movement suite Fritiov svit that has seen performance as recently as 1995 in Sweden and was recorded on CD References edit Fridtjofs saga Store norske leksikon Sirvent J 1950 Fridtjof El Vikingo del amor Leyenda escandinava Barcelona Ediciones G P pp 19 22 23 Fridtjofstatuen NRK Sogn og Fjordane Statuen Fridtjof den Frokne pa Vangsnes fjords com Archived from the original on 2009 05 27 Retrieved 2010 10 31 Groner Erich 1990 German warships 1815 1945 Dieter Jung Martin Maass Annapolis Md Naval Institute Press p 10 ISBN 0 87021 790 9 OCLC 22101769 Further reading editThe Story of Frithiof the Bold translated by Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris Cambridge Ontario Old Norse Series 2000 The Sagas of Fridthjof the Bold Ben Waggoner The Troth 2009 ISBN 978 0 557 24020 3 Viking Tales of the North the Sagas of Thorstein Viking s Son and Fridthjof the Bold Translated by Rasmus B Anderson and Jon Bjarnason Honolulu Hawaii University Press of the Pacific 2002 The Saga of Fridthjof the Bold pp 75 111 ISBN 0 89875 954 4External links editOriginal version Fridthjofs saga ins fraekna in Old Norse from Heimskringla no Fridthjofs Saga Ins Fraekna in Old Norse Esaias Tegner version Fritiofs Saga at Project Gutenberg Swedish with English introduction amp notes by Andrew A Stomberg Fridthjof s Saga at Project Gutenberg English translation by Thomas amp Martha Holcomb The Story of Frithiof the Bold at Project Gutenberg translation by acclaimed fantasy writer William Morris and Cambridge scholar Eirikur Magnusson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frithiof 27s Saga amp oldid 1221835151, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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