The Friedmann–Einstein universe is a model of the universe published by Albert Einstein in 1931.[1] The model is of historic significance as the first scientific publication in which Einstein embraced the possibility of a cosmos of time-varying radius.
Interpreting Edwin Hubble's discovery of a linear relation between the redshifts of the galaxies and their radial distance[2] as evidence for an expanding universe, Einstein abandoned his earlier static model of the universe and embraced the dynamic cosmology of Alexander Friedmann. Removing the cosmological constant term from the Friedmann equations on the grounds that it was both unsatisfactory and unnecessary, Einstein arrived at a model of a universe that expands and then contracts, a model that was later denoted the Friedmann–Einstein model of the universe.[3][4]
In the model, Einstein derived simple expressions relating the density of matter, the radius of the universe and the timespan of the expansion to the Hubble constant. With the use of the contemporaneous value of 500 km·s−1Mpc−1 for the Hubble constant, he calculated values of 10−26 cm−3, 108 light-years and 1010 years for the density of matter, the radius of the universe and the timespan of the expansion respectively. It has recently been shown that these calculations contain a slight systematic error.[5]
Einstein's blackboardedit
In May 1931, Einstein chose the Friedmann–Einstein universe as the topic of his 2nd Rhodes lecture at Oxford University. A blackboard used by Einstein during the lecture, now known as Einstein's Blackboard, has been preserved at the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. It has been suggested[5] that the source of the numerical errors in the Friedmann–Einstein model can be discerned on Einstein's blackboard.
^Einstein, Albert (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungs. König. Preuss. Akad.: 235–237.
^Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC522427. PMID 16577160.
^Rindler, Wolfgang (1969). Essential Relativity: Special, General and Cosmological. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold. p. 261.
^North, J.D. (1965). The Measure of the Universe. New York: Dover. p. 132.
^ abO'Raifeartaigh, C.; McCann, B. (2014). "Einstein's cosmic model of 1931 revisited: An analysis and translation of a forgotten model of the universe". The European Physical Journal H. 39 (2014): 63–85. arXiv:1312.2192. Bibcode:2014EPJH...39...63O. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2013-40038-x. S2CID 53419239.
friedmann, einstein, universe, model, universe, published, albert, einstein, 1931, model, historic, significance, first, scientific, publication, which, einstein, embraced, possibility, cosmos, time, varying, radius, contents, description, einstein, blackboard. The Friedmann Einstein universe is a model of the universe published by Albert Einstein in 1931 1 The model is of historic significance as the first scientific publication in which Einstein embraced the possibility of a cosmos of time varying radius Contents 1 Description 2 Einstein s blackboard 3 See also 4 ReferencesDescription editInterpreting Edwin Hubble s discovery of a linear relation between the redshifts of the galaxies and their radial distance 2 as evidence for an expanding universe Einstein abandoned his earlier static model of the universe and embraced the dynamic cosmology of Alexander Friedmann Removing the cosmological constant term from the Friedmann equations on the grounds that it was both unsatisfactory and unnecessary Einstein arrived at a model of a universe that expands and then contracts a model that was later denoted the Friedmann Einstein model of the universe 3 4 In the model Einstein derived simple expressions relating the density of matter the radius of the universe and the timespan of the expansion to the Hubble constant With the use of the contemporaneous value of 500 km s 1Mpc 1 for the Hubble constant he calculated values of 10 26 cm 3 108 light years and 1010 years for the density of matter the radius of the universe and the timespan of the expansion respectively It has recently been shown that these calculations contain a slight systematic error 5 Einstein s blackboard editIn May 1931 Einstein chose the Friedmann Einstein universe as the topic of his 2nd Rhodes lecture at Oxford University A blackboard used by Einstein during the lecture now known as Einstein s Blackboard has been preserved at the Museum of the History of Science Oxford It has been suggested 5 that the source of the numerical errors in the Friedmann Einstein model can be discerned on Einstein s blackboard See also editEinstein de Sitter universeReferences edit Einstein Albert 1931 Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie Sitzungs Konig Preuss Akad 235 237 Hubble Edwin 1929 A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra galactic nebulae Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 15 3 168 173 Bibcode 1929PNAS 15 168H doi 10 1073 pnas 15 3 168 PMC 522427 PMID 16577160 Rindler Wolfgang 1969 Essential Relativity Special General and Cosmological New York Van Nostrand Rheinhold p 261 North J D 1965 The Measure of the Universe New York Dover p 132 a b O Raifeartaigh C McCann B 2014 Einstein s cosmic model of 1931 revisited An analysis and translation of a forgotten model of the universe The European Physical Journal H 39 2014 63 85 arXiv 1312 2192 Bibcode 2014EPJH 39 63O doi 10 1140 epjh e2013 40038 x S2CID 53419239 nbsp This article about theoretical physics is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Friedmann Einstein universe amp oldid 1103579917, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
