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Frederick E. Toy

January 01, 1970

Frederick Ernest Toy (1860s – August 5, 1933) was a soldier in the U.S. Army during the Indian and Spanish–American Wars; During his enlisted service, he was assigned to the 7th Cavalry Regiment until promoted to ordnance sergeant and served at a variety of posts. He received the Medal of Honor for bravery at the Battle of Wounded Knee, but now called the Wounded Knee Massacre, against the Dakota Indians on December 29, 1890. Toy retired from the Army in 1910. He was recalled and commissioned as a captain during World War I. He worked as an employment manager and as a railroad police officer.

Frederick E. Toy
Born1866
Buffalo, New York, United States
DiedAugust 5, 1933(1933-08-05) (aged 66–67)
Lewiston, New York
Place of burial
Riverdale Cemetery
Allegiance United States
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1883–1910; 1917–1919
RankCaptain
Unit
Battles/warsSioux Wars Spanish–American War
World War I
Awards Medal of Honor
Spouse(s)
Alice Morrow
​
​
(m. 1893; died 1927)​
Margaret Hood Crawford
​
​
(m. 1928)​
[citation needed]
Other work
  • employment manager
  • railroad police

Early life edit

Toy was born in Buffalo, New York in the early– to mid–1860s to Ernst and Catherine Toy. The 1870 U.S. Census shows his given name as Fred and his estimated birth year as 1864–1865.[1] He was educated in the Buffalo public schools.[2] The 1880 U.S. Census shows his given name as Friedrich and his estimated birth year as 1865.[3] The record of his first enlistment shows his estimated year of birth as 1862.[4] The Hall of Valor shows his birth year as 1866.[5]

Enlisted Army career edit

 
Sergeant Toy (on the right) receiving the Medal of Honor at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1891.

Frederick Toy was a career enlisted soldier, serving from 1883 to 1910. All of his enlisted terms of service ended with the expiration of his term of service and with character evaluations of "excellent." All of Toy's service was with Troop G, 7th Cavalry Regiment until he was promoted to ordnance sergeant.[4][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Toy first enlisted on October 16, 1883 at Chicago, Illinois; his enlistment record reflects the given name of Frederick and his age as 21 (birth year 1861 or 1862).[4] In April 1888, Toy was promoted from corporal to sergeant while assigned to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[12] On September 15, 1888, Toy was discharged as a sergeant at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[4]

Toy reenlisted on October 16, 1888 at Fort Riley, Kansas.[6] He was among the cavalrymen ordered to capture Chief Big Foot. On December 29, 1890, troopers surrounded the Sioux camp on Wounded Knee Creek with the intention of arresting the Sioux chieftain and disarming his followers.[13] Toy, a sergeant on the day of the battle, was commanded by Captain Winfield Scott Edgerly.[13] Toy was one of twenty men awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions that day. Toy was cited for "bravery displayed while shooting hostile Indians;" It was changed on the final citation after being returned by the War Department. Captain Edgerly said Sergeant Toy did "deliberately aim at and hit two Indians who had run into the ravine." Toy was presented the medal in a public ceremony, which was featured in Harper's Weekly. He also attained the rank of first sergeant by the time his Medal of Honor was awarded on May 26, 1891. The appropriateness of the award of the Medal of Honor to Toy, as well as to the others awarded for Wounded Knee, was challenged more than 100 years later.[13] Toy was discharged at Fort Clark, Texas.[6]

In early November 1893, Toy and Alice Marrow (sic) were married in Junction City, Kansas; the Toys expected to proceed to Fort Clark, Texas.[14] First Sergeant Toy reenlisted on November 15, 1893 at Fort Riley. First Sergeant Toy was discharged at Camp Forse, Alabama.[7] On November 15, 1898, Toy reenlisted at Huntsville, Alabama. He was discharged at Columbia Barracks, Cuba.[8]

Toy reenlisted on November 15, 1901 at Columbia Barracks.[9] On June 4, 1903, Toy, who had been promoted from first sergeant to ordnance sergeant on June 2, 1903, was ordered to proceed from Camp George H. Thomas, Georgia to Fort Sheridan, Illinois.[15] He was discharged as an ordnance sergeant while assigned to Fort Sheridan.[9] Toy immediately reenlisted at Fort Sheridan on November 15, 1904. He was discharged, again as an ordnance sergeant, at Madison Barracks, New York.[10] Toy reenlisted on November 15, 1907 as an ordnance sergeant at Madison Barracks.[11] On October 13, 1908, the War Department ordered Toy, then at Madison Barracks, to report to Fort Niagara, New York for duty.[16] In the 1910 U.S. Census, Toy is shown to be living at Fort Niagara while serving as an "O.S." in the U.S. Army.[17] He retired from the Army on October 15, 1910 as an ordnance sergeant by authority of War Department Special Orders 239 dated October 12, 1910.[11]

During his career, Toy served as an orderly to President Theodore Roosevelt.[18][dubious – discuss]

Commissioned Army career edit

During World War I, Toy was among retired Regular Army personnel who were recalled to serve as trainers; he was commissioned as a captain in the Quartermaster Corps and assigned to the 303d Stevedore Regiment; he returned to his Niagara Falls, New York home on July 18, 1919 and anticipated mustering out of the U.S. Army during August 1919.[19] He served as a transportation quartermaster in Brest, France.[2] He reverted to the rank of master sergeant after the war; a special act of Congress restored him to the rank of captain without increasing his retired pay.[20][21] In the 1920 U.S. Census, his occupation is reflected as "Captain, U.S. Army."[22] Toy, identified as a major, commanded the Special Troops, 98th Infantry Division (part of the Organized Reserve of New York State) from March 26, 1922 to November 10, 1924.[23] Toy, again identified as a major, was ordered to attend training camp from July 15 through August 2, 1922.[24]

Later life and death edit

After his military service, Toy was employed as the employment manager of the Aluminum Company of America and later as a lieutenant for the New York Central Railroad Company police.[2] In December 1921, Toy was a candidate for chief of police of Niagara Falls.[25] Toy was a member of Camp number 7 of the United Spanish War Veterans[26] He also joined the Niagara Frontier Chapter of the Military Order of the World War.[27] He died on August 5, 1933, and is buried at Riverdale Cemetery in Lewiston, New York. Toy's grave marker identifies him as a captain.[2][28]

Awards edit

Medal of Honor citation edit

Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Troop G, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Wounded Knee Creek, S. Dak., 29 December 1890. Entered service at:--. Birth: Buffalo, N.Y. Date of issue: 26 May 1891.

Citation

The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Frederick Ernest Toy, United States Army, for bravery on 29 December 1890, while serving with Company G, 7th U.S. Cavalry, in action at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.[5]

Concerns edit

 
Mass Grave for the Dead Lakota After the Engagement at Wounded Knee

There have been several attempts by various parties to rescind the Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the Battle of Wounded Knee.[30][31][32] Proponents claim that the engagement was in-fact a massacre and not a battle, due to the high number of killed and wounded Lakota women and children and the very one-sided casualty counts. Estimates of the Lakota losses indicate 150–300 killed, of which up to 200 were women and children. Additionally, as many as 51 were wounded. In contrast, the 7th Cavalry suffered 25 killed and 39 wounded, many being the result of friendly fire.[33][34][35]

Calvin Spotted Elk, direct descendant of Chief Spotted Elk killed at Wounded Knee, launched a petition to rescind medals from the soldiers who participated in the battle.[36]

The Army has also been criticized more generally for the seemingly disproportionate number of Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the battle.[37] For comparison, 20 Medals were awarded at Wounded Knee, 21 at the Battle of Cedar Creek, and 20 at the Battle of Antietam.[37][38] Respectively, Cedar Creek and Antietam involved 52,712 and 113,000 troops, suffering 8,674 and 22,717 casualties.[39][40][41][42][43] Wounded Knee, however, involved 610 combatants and resulted in as many as 705 casualties (including non-combatants).[44][33]

Honors edit

Frederick Toy's name is memorialized on side C of the Medal of Honor monument in Niagara Falls State Park.[45]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8FB-TRL : 17 October 2014), Fred Toy in household of Ernst Toy, New York, United States; citing p. 259, family 2133, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 552,432.(registration required)
  2. ^ a b c d "Captain F. E. Toy, Railroad Police Official, Passes". Niagara Falls Gazette. August 7, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  3. ^ "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZZB-2T6 : 14 July 2016), Friedrich Toy in household of Ernst Toy, Buffalo, Erie, New York, United States; citing enumeration district ED 134, sheet 386B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0829; FHL microfilm 1,254,829.(registration required)
  4. ^ a b c d "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-7F1C : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 16 Oct 1883; citing p. 37, volume 082, Chicago, , Illinois, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 43; FHL microfilm 350,349.(registration required)
  5. ^ a b c "Frederick Ernest Toy". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Retrieved November 2, 2015. The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Frederick Ernest Toy, United States Army, for bravery on 29 December 1890, while serving with Troop G, 7th U.S. Cavalry, in action at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.
  6. ^ a b c "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJD5-LRXF : 24 May 2014), Fredk E Toy, 16 Oct 1888; citing p. 214, volume 086, Fort Riley, , Kansas, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 45; FHL microfilm 1,319,378.(registration required)
  7. ^ a b "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-HW3F : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 15 Nov 1893; citing p. 202, volume 092, Fort Riley, , Kansas, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 48; FHL microfilm 1,465,934.(registration required)
  8. ^ a b "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-Z8QQ : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 15 Nov 1898; citing p. 238, volume 096, Huntsville, , Alabama, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 50; FHL microfilm 1,465,936.(registration required)
  9. ^ a b c "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-F911 : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 15 Nov 1901; citing p. 227, volume 108, Columbia Barracks, , Cuba, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 56; FHL microfilm 1,465,942.(registration required)
  10. ^ a b "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-VPN5 : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 15 Nov 1904; citing p. 215, volume 116, Fort Sheridan, , Illinois, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 60; FHL microfilm 1,465,946.(registration required)
  11. ^ a b c "United States Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJDR-2VXL : 24 May 2014), Frederick E Toy, 15 Nov 1907; citing p. 241, volume 120, Madison Barracks, , New York, United States, NARA microfilm publication M233 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 62; FHL microfilm 1,465,948.(registration required)
  12. ^ "Promotion of Frederick E. Toy to Sergeant". The Leavenworth Times. Leavenworth, Kansas. April 4, 1888. p. 2.  
  13. ^ a b c Green, Jerry (1994). (PDF). nebraskahistory.org. Nebraska State Historical Society. pp. 200–208. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  14. ^ "Toy Marries Marrow". Manhattan Mercury. Manhattan, Kansas. November 8, 1893. p. 5.  
  15. ^ "Ordnance Department". Vol. XL, no. 41. The United States Army and Navy Journal. June 13, 1903. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  16. ^ "Ordnance Department–Brigadier General William Crozier". Army-Navy-Air Force Register and Defense Times. Vol. 44. October 17, 1908. p. clxvi.
  17. ^ "United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M5HJ-BKM : accessed 4 June 2017), Frederick Toy, Porter, Niagara, New York, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 130, sheet 8B, family 208, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1049; FHL microfilm 1,375,062.(registration required)
  18. ^ . New York Times. January 15, 1911. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ "Capt. Toy Returns to Home at Falls" (PDF). Buffalo Courier. July 19, 1919. p. 10. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  20. ^ "Orders for Army Officers". New York Herald. December 27, 1917. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  21. ^ "Retired as Captain" (PDF). The Niagara Falls Gazette. July 10, 1933. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  22. ^ "United States Census, 1920," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MVMG-SWB : accessed 2 June 2017), Frederick Toy, Niagara Falls Ward 10, Niagara, New York, United States; citing ED 124, sheet 34B, line 56, family 750, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992), roll 1242; FHL microfilm 1,821,242. (registration required)
  23. ^ Clay, Steven E. US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941: Volume 3 The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops, 1919–41 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center. p. 1915. (PDF) from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  24. ^ "Maj. Toy Assigned" (PDF). The Niagara Falls Gazette. July 17, 1922. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  25. ^ "Tom Walters for Chief of Police" (PDF). The Niagara Falls Gazette. December 30, 1921. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  26. ^ "Addresses Vets". The Niagara Falls Gazette. July 18, 1928. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  27. ^ "Military Order of World War Elects". Buffalo Courier. September 7, 1923. p. 12. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  28. ^ Don Morfe. "Frederick E. Toy". Find a Grave. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  29. ^ a b c d "Military Awards" (PDF). Army Publishing Directorate. U.S. Army. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  30. ^ Dana Lone Hill (February 18, 2013). "The Wounded Knee medals of honor should be rescinded". the Guardian. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  31. ^ "No Medals for Massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee". The Huffington Post. February 12, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  32. ^ "Lakota~WOUNDED KNEE: A Campaign to Rescind Medals: story, pictures and information". Footnote.com. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
  33. ^ a b "Plains Humanities: Wounded Knee Massacre". Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  34. ^ "The 110th Anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre". perspicuity.net. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  35. ^ "Wagner...Part Two". dickshovel.com. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  36. ^ Joseph Huff-Hannon (February 12, 2013). "No Medals for massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee". Huffington Post.
  37. ^ a b Green, Jerry (1994). "The Medals of Wounded Knee". Nebraska State Historical Society, also available in Nebraska History #75, pp. 200–208. Nebraska State Historical Society History.
  38. ^ Owens, Ronald J. (2004) Medal of Honor: Historical facts and figures. Turner Publishing Company
  39. ^ Whitehorne, p. 15. The NPS battle summary lists Union strength of 31,945. Cullen, p. 111, states 35,000 Union effectives, including 10,000 cavalry. Salmon, p. 368, and Kennedy, p. 319, state 32,000 Union.
  40. ^ Whitehorne, p. 17. The NPS battle summary and Kennedy, p. 319, list Confederate strength of 21,000. Cullen, p. 112, states 18,000 Confederate effectives, including 4,000 cavalry.
  41. ^ Wert, p. 246, Eicher, p. 752. Lewis, p. 288, reports Union totals as 5,764 (569 killed, 3,425 wounded, 1,770 missing), Confederates 3,060 (1,860 killed and wounded, 1,200 prisoners). Kennedy, p. 323, reports 5,672 Union, 2,910 Confederate. The NPS battle summary reports 5,665 Union, 2,910 Confederate. Salmon, p. 372, reports Union "almost 5,700", Confederate "almost 3,000."
  42. ^ Eicher, p. 363. Sears, p. 173, cites 75,000 Union troops, with an effective strength of 71,500, with 300 guns; on p. 296, he states that the 12,401 Union casualties were 25% of those who went into action and that McClellan committed "barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest"; p. 389, he cites Confederate effective strength of "just over 38,000," including A.P. Hill's division, which arrived in the afternoon. Priest, p. 343, cites 87,164 men present in the Army of the Potomac, with 53,632 engaged, and 30,646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia. Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite 87,100 Union engaged, 51,800 Confederate. Harsh, Sounding the Shallows, pp. 201–202, analyzes the historiography of the figures, and shows that Ezra A. Carman (a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources) used "engaged" figures; the 38,000 excludes Pender's and Field's brigades, roughly half the artillery, and forces used to secure objectives behind the line.
  43. ^ Sears, pp. 294–96; Cannan, p. 201. Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at South Mountain and Shepherdstown; Sears remarks that "there is no doubt that a good many of the 1,771 men listed as missing were in fact dead, buried uncounted in unmarked graves where they fell." McPherson, p. 129, gives ranges for the Confederate losses: 1,546–2,700 dead, 7,752–9,024 wounded. He states that more than 2,000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds. Priest, p. 343, reports 12,882 Union casualties (2,157 killed, 9,716 wounded, 1,009 missing or captured) and 11,530 Confederate (1,754 killed, 8,649 wounded, 1,127 missing or captured). Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite Union casualties of 12,469 (2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing or captured) and 10,292 Confederate (1,567 killed, 8,725 wounded for September 14–20, plus approximately 2,000 missing or captured).
  44. ^ Brown, p. 178, Brown states that at the army camp, "the Indians were carefully counted." Utley, p. 204, gives 120 men, 230 women and children; there is no indication how many were warriors, old men, or incapacitated sick like Big Foot.
  45. ^ "Niagara Falls Medal of Honor Memorial Side C". The Memorial Day Foundation. Retrieved June 4, 2017.

External links edit

  • Congressional Medal of Honor Society - Frederick E. Toy
  • Congressional Serial Set
  • Spanish War Veterans
  • US Army Enlisted Grade Consolidation of 1920

January 01, 1970
frederick, frederick, ernest, 1860s, august, 1933, soldier, army, during, indian, spanish, american, wars, during, enlisted, service, assigned, cavalry, regiment, until, promoted, ordnance, sergeant, served, variety, posts, received, medal, honor, bravery, bat. Frederick Ernest Toy 1860s August 5 1933 was a soldier in the U S Army during the Indian and Spanish American Wars During his enlisted service he was assigned to the 7th Cavalry Regiment until promoted to ordnance sergeant and served at a variety of posts He received the Medal of Honor for bravery at the Battle of Wounded Knee but now called the Wounded Knee Massacre against the Dakota Indians on December 29 1890 Toy retired from the Army in 1910 He was recalled and commissioned as a captain during World War I He worked as an employment manager and as a railroad police officer Frederick E ToyBorn1866Buffalo New York United StatesDiedAugust 5 1933 1933 08 05 aged 66 67 Lewiston New YorkPlace of burialRiverdale CemeteryAllegiance United StatesService wbr branchUnited States ArmyYears of service1883 1910 1917 1919RankCaptainUnit7th Cavalry Regiment 303d Stevedore RegimentBattles warsSioux Wars Wounded Knee Massacre Spanish American WarWorld War IAwardsMedal of HonorSpouse s Alice Morrow m 1893 died 1927 wbr Margaret Hood Crawford m 1928 wbr citation needed Other workemployment manager railroad police Contents 1 Early life 2 Enlisted Army career 3 Commissioned Army career 4 Later life and death 5 Awards 6 Medal of Honor citation 6 1 Concerns 7 Honors 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksEarly life editToy was born in Buffalo New York in the early to mid 1860s to Ernst and Catherine Toy The 1870 U S Census shows his given name as Fred and his estimated birth year as 1864 1865 1 He was educated in the Buffalo public schools 2 The 1880 U S Census shows his given name as Friedrich and his estimated birth year as 1865 3 The record of his first enlistment shows his estimated year of birth as 1862 4 The Hall of Valor shows his birth year as 1866 5 Enlisted Army career edit nbsp Sergeant Toy on the right receiving the Medal of Honor at Fort Riley Kansas 1891 Frederick Toy was a career enlisted soldier serving from 1883 to 1910 All of his enlisted terms of service ended with the expiration of his term of service and with character evaluations of excellent All of Toy s service was with Troop G 7th Cavalry Regiment until he was promoted to ordnance sergeant 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 Toy first enlisted on October 16 1883 at Chicago Illinois his enlistment record reflects the given name of Frederick and his age as 21 birth year 1861 or 1862 4 In April 1888 Toy was promoted from corporal to sergeant while assigned to Fort Leavenworth Kansas 12 On September 15 1888 Toy was discharged as a sergeant at Fort Leavenworth Kansas 4 Toy reenlisted on October 16 1888 at Fort Riley Kansas 6 He was among the cavalrymen ordered to capture Chief Big Foot On December 29 1890 troopers surrounded the Sioux camp on Wounded Knee Creek with the intention of arresting the Sioux chieftain and disarming his followers 13 Toy a sergeant on the day of the battle was commanded by Captain Winfield Scott Edgerly 13 Toy was one of twenty men awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions that day Toy was cited for bravery displayed while shooting hostile Indians It was changed on the final citation after being returned by the War Department Captain Edgerly said Sergeant Toy did deliberately aim at and hit two Indians who had run into the ravine Toy was presented the medal in a public ceremony which was featured in Harper s Weekly He also attained the rank of first sergeant by the time his Medal of Honor was awarded on May 26 1891 The appropriateness of the award of the Medal of Honor to Toy as well as to the others awarded for Wounded Knee was challenged more than 100 years later 13 Toy was discharged at Fort Clark Texas 6 In early November 1893 Toy and Alice Marrow sic were married in Junction City Kansas the Toys expected to proceed to Fort Clark Texas 14 First Sergeant Toy reenlisted on November 15 1893 at Fort Riley First Sergeant Toy was discharged at Camp Forse Alabama 7 On November 15 1898 Toy reenlisted at Huntsville Alabama He was discharged at Columbia Barracks Cuba 8 Toy reenlisted on November 15 1901 at Columbia Barracks 9 On June 4 1903 Toy who had been promoted from first sergeant to ordnance sergeant on June 2 1903 was ordered to proceed from Camp George H Thomas Georgia to Fort Sheridan Illinois 15 He was discharged as an ordnance sergeant while assigned to Fort Sheridan 9 Toy immediately reenlisted at Fort Sheridan on November 15 1904 He was discharged again as an ordnance sergeant at Madison Barracks New York 10 Toy reenlisted on November 15 1907 as an ordnance sergeant at Madison Barracks 11 On October 13 1908 the War Department ordered Toy then at Madison Barracks to report to Fort Niagara New York for duty 16 In the 1910 U S Census Toy is shown to be living at Fort Niagara while serving as an O S in the U S Army 17 He retired from the Army on October 15 1910 as an ordnance sergeant by authority of War Department Special Orders 239 dated October 12 1910 11 During his career Toy served as an orderly to President Theodore Roosevelt 18 dubious discuss Commissioned Army career editDuring World War I Toy was among retired Regular Army personnel who were recalled to serve as trainers he was commissioned as a captain in the Quartermaster Corps and assigned to the 303d Stevedore Regiment he returned to his Niagara Falls New York home on July 18 1919 and anticipated mustering out of the U S Army during August 1919 19 He served as a transportation quartermaster in Brest France 2 He reverted to the rank of master sergeant after the war a special act of Congress restored him to the rank of captain without increasing his retired pay 20 21 In the 1920 U S Census his occupation is reflected as Captain U S Army 22 Toy identified as a major commanded the Special Troops 98th Infantry Division part of the Organized Reserve of New York State from March 26 1922 to November 10 1924 23 Toy again identified as a major was ordered to attend training camp from July 15 through August 2 1922 24 Later life and death editAfter his military service Toy was employed as the employment manager of the Aluminum Company of America and later as a lieutenant for the New York Central Railroad Company police 2 In December 1921 Toy was a candidate for chief of police of Niagara Falls 25 Toy was a member of Camp number 7 of the United Spanish War Veterans 26 He also joined the Niagara Frontier Chapter of the Military Order of the World War 27 He died on August 5 1933 and is buried at Riverdale Cemetery in Lewiston New York Toy s grave marker identifies him as a captain 2 28 Awards edit nbsp Medal of Honor 5 nbsp Indian Campaign Medal 29 70 71 nbsp Spanish War Service Medal 29 71 nbsp Army of Cuban Occupation Medal 29 71 nbsp World War I Victory Medal 29 70 Medal of Honor citation editRank and organization First Sergeant Troop G 7th U S Cavalry Place and date At Wounded Knee Creek S Dak 29 December 1890 Entered service at Birth Buffalo N Y Date of issue 26 May 1891 Citation The President of the United States of America in the name of Congress takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Frederick Ernest Toy United States Army for bravery on 29 December 1890 while serving with Company G 7th U S Cavalry in action at Wounded Knee Creek South Dakota 5 Concerns edit nbsp Mass Grave for the Dead Lakota After the Engagement at Wounded Knee There have been several attempts by various parties to rescind the Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the Battle of Wounded Knee 30 31 32 Proponents claim that the engagement was in fact a massacre and not a battle due to the high number of killed and wounded Lakota women and children and the very one sided casualty counts Estimates of the Lakota losses indicate 150 300 killed of which up to 200 were women and children Additionally as many as 51 were wounded In contrast the 7th Cavalry suffered 25 killed and 39 wounded many being the result of friendly fire 33 34 35 Calvin Spotted Elk direct descendant of Chief Spotted Elk killed at Wounded Knee launched a petition to rescind medals from the soldiers who participated in the battle 36 The Army has also been criticized more generally for the seemingly disproportionate number of Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the battle 37 For comparison 20 Medals were awarded at Wounded Knee 21 at the Battle of Cedar Creek and 20 at the Battle of Antietam 37 38 Respectively Cedar Creek and Antietam involved 52 712 and 113 000 troops suffering 8 674 and 22 717 casualties 39 40 41 42 43 Wounded Knee however involved 610 combatants and resulted in as many as 705 casualties including non combatants 44 33 Honors editFrederick Toy s name is memorialized on side C of the Medal of Honor monument in Niagara Falls State Park 45 See also edit nbsp Biography portal List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian WarsReferences edit United States Census 1870 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 M8FB TRL 17 October 2014 Fred Toy in household of Ernst Toy New York United States citing p 259 family 2133 NARA microfilm publication M593 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d FHL microfilm 552 432 registration required a b c d Captain F E Toy Railroad Police Official Passes Niagara Falls Gazette August 7 1933 p 1 Retrieved June 14 2017 United States Census 1880 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 MZZB 2T6 14 July 2016 Friedrich Toy in household of Ernst Toy Buffalo Erie New York United States citing enumeration district ED 134 sheet 386B NARA microfilm publication T9 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 0829 FHL microfilm 1 254 829 registration required a b c d United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR 7F1C 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 16 Oct 1883 citing p 37 volume 082 Chicago Illinois United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 43 FHL microfilm 350 349 registration required a b c Frederick Ernest Toy Hall of Valor Military Times Retrieved November 2 2015 The President of the United States of America in the name of Congress takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Frederick Ernest Toy United States Army for bravery on 29 December 1890 while serving with Troop G 7th U S Cavalry in action at Wounded Knee Creek South Dakota a b c United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJD5 LRXF 24 May 2014 Fredk E Toy 16 Oct 1888 citing p 214 volume 086 Fort Riley Kansas United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 45 FHL microfilm 1 319 378 registration required a b United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR HW3F 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 15 Nov 1893 citing p 202 volume 092 Fort Riley Kansas United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 48 FHL microfilm 1 465 934 registration required a b United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR Z8QQ 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 15 Nov 1898 citing p 238 volume 096 Huntsville Alabama United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 50 FHL microfilm 1 465 936 registration required a b c United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR F911 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 15 Nov 1901 citing p 227 volume 108 Columbia Barracks Cuba United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 56 FHL microfilm 1 465 942 registration required a b United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR VPN5 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 15 Nov 1904 citing p 215 volume 116 Fort Sheridan Illinois United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 60 FHL microfilm 1 465 946 registration required a b c United States Registers of Enlistments in the U S Army 1798 1914 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 QJDR 2VXL 24 May 2014 Frederick E Toy 15 Nov 1907 citing p 241 volume 120 Madison Barracks New York United States NARA microfilm publication M233 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration n d roll 62 FHL microfilm 1 465 948 registration required Promotion of Frederick E Toy to Sergeant The Leavenworth Times Leavenworth Kansas April 4 1888 p 2 nbsp a b c Green Jerry 1994 The Medals of Wounded Knee PDF nebraskahistory org Nebraska State Historical Society pp 200 208 Archived from the original on April 2 2012 Retrieved November 2 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Toy Marries Marrow Manhattan Mercury Manhattan Kansas November 8 1893 p 5 nbsp Ordnance Department Vol XL no 41 The United States Army and Navy Journal June 13 1903 Retrieved June 8 2017 Ordnance Department Brigadier General William Crozier Army Navy Air Force Register and Defense Times Vol 44 October 17 1908 p clxvi United States Census 1910 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 M5HJ BKM accessed 4 June 2017 Frederick Toy Porter Niagara New York United States citing enumeration district ED ED 130 sheet 8B family 208 NARA microfilm publication T624 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration 1982 roll 1049 FHL microfilm 1 375 062 registration required Indian Fighter Quits Army Sergt Toy Medal of Honor Man Placed on the Retired List New York Times January 15 1911 Archived from the original on November 10 2012 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Capt Toy Returns to Home at Falls PDF Buffalo Courier July 19 1919 p 10 Retrieved June 12 2017 Orders for Army Officers New York Herald December 27 1917 Retrieved June 4 2017 Retired as Captain PDF The Niagara Falls Gazette July 10 1933 Retrieved June 4 2017 United States Census 1920 database with images FamilySearch https familysearch org ark 61903 1 1 MVMG SWB accessed 2 June 2017 Frederick Toy Niagara Falls Ward 10 Niagara New York United States citing ED 124 sheet 34B line 56 family 750 NARA microfilm publication T625 Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration 1992 roll 1242 FHL microfilm 1 821 242 registration required Clay Steven E US Army Order of Battle 1919 1941 Volume 3 The Services Air Service Engineers and Special Troops 1919 41 PDF Fort Leavenworth Kansas Combat Studies Institute Press US Army Combined Arms Center p 1915 Archived PDF from the original on July 26 2018 Retrieved June 9 2017 Maj Toy Assigned PDF The Niagara Falls Gazette July 17 1922 Retrieved June 4 2017 Tom Walters for Chief of Police PDF The Niagara Falls Gazette December 30 1921 Retrieved June 4 2017 Addresses Vets The Niagara Falls Gazette July 18 1928 Retrieved June 4 2017 Military Order of World War Elects Buffalo Courier September 7 1923 p 12 Retrieved June 14 2017 Don Morfe Frederick E Toy Find a Grave Retrieved June 30 2010 a b c d Military Awards PDF Army Publishing Directorate U S Army Retrieved November 28 2015 Dana Lone Hill February 18 2013 The Wounded Knee medals of honor should be rescinded the Guardian Retrieved March 1 2015 No Medals for Massacre Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee The Huffington Post February 12 2013 Retrieved March 1 2015 Lakota WOUNDED KNEE A Campaign to Rescind Medals story pictures and information Footnote com Retrieved August 17 2011 a b Plains Humanities Wounded Knee Massacre Retrieved December 9 2014 The 110th Anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre perspicuity net Retrieved March 1 2015 Wagner Part Two dickshovel com Retrieved March 1 2015 Joseph Huff Hannon February 12 2013 No Medals for massacre Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee Huffington Post a b Green Jerry 1994 The Medals of Wounded Knee Nebraska State Historical Society also available in Nebraska History 75 pp 200 208 Nebraska State Historical Society History Owens Ronald J 2004 Medal of Honor Historical facts and figures Turner Publishing Company Whitehorne p 15 The NPS battle summary lists Union strength of 31 945 Cullen p 111 states 35 000 Union effectives including 10 000 cavalry Salmon p 368 and Kennedy p 319 state 32 000 Union Whitehorne p 17 The NPS battle summary and Kennedy p 319 list Confederate strength of 21 000 Cullen p 112 states 18 000 Confederate effectives including 4 000 cavalry Wert p 246 Eicher p 752 Lewis p 288 reports Union totals as 5 764 569 killed 3 425 wounded 1 770 missing Confederates 3 060 1 860 killed and wounded 1 200 prisoners Kennedy p 323 reports 5 672 Union 2 910 Confederate The NPS battle summary reports 5 665 Union 2 910 Confederate Salmon p 372 reports Union almost 5 700 Confederate almost 3 000 Eicher p 363 Sears p 173 cites 75 000 Union troops with an effective strength of 71 500 with 300 guns on p 296 he states that the 12 401 Union casualties were 25 of those who went into action and that McClellan committed barely 50 000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest p 389 he cites Confederate effective strength of just over 38 000 including A P Hill s division which arrived in the afternoon Priest p 343 cites 87 164 men present in the Army of the Potomac with 53 632 engaged and 30 646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia Luvaas and Nelson p 302 cite 87 100 Union engaged 51 800 Confederate Harsh Sounding the Shallows pp 201 202 analyzes the historiography of the figures and shows that Ezra A Carman a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources used engaged figures the 38 000 excludes Pender s and Field s brigades roughly half the artillery and forces used to secure objectives behind the line Sears pp 294 96 Cannan p 201 Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at South Mountain and Shepherdstown Sears remarks that there is no doubt that a good many of the 1 771 men listed as missing were in fact dead buried uncounted in unmarked graves where they fell McPherson p 129 gives ranges for the Confederate losses 1 546 2 700 dead 7 752 9 024 wounded He states that more than 2 000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds Priest p 343 reports 12 882 Union casualties 2 157 killed 9 716 wounded 1 009 missing or captured and 11 530 Confederate 1 754 killed 8 649 wounded 1 127 missing or captured Luvaas and Nelson p 302 cite Union casualties of 12 469 2 010 killed 9 416 wounded 1 043 missing or captured and 10 292 Confederate 1 567 killed 8 725 wounded for September 14 20 plus approximately 2 000 missing or captured Brown p 178 Brown states that at the army camp the Indians were carefully counted Utley p 204 gives 120 men 230 women and children there is no indication how many were warriors old men or incapacitated sick like Big Foot Niagara Falls Medal of Honor Memorial Side C The Memorial Day Foundation Retrieved June 4 2017 External links editCongressional Medal of Honor Society Frederick E Toy Congressional Serial Set Spanish War Veterans US Army Enlisted Grade Consolidation of 1920 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frederick E Toy amp oldid 1216778168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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