Franklin S. Billings Jr.
Franklin Swift Billings Jr. BEM (June 5, 1922 – March 9, 2014) was an American politician and judge from the state of Vermont. Billings served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.
Franklin S. Billings Jr. | |
|---|---|
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont | |
| In office September 9, 1994 – March 9, 2014 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont | |
| In office 1988–1991 | |
| Preceded by | Albert Wheeler Coffrin |
| Succeeded by | Fred I. Parker |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont | |
| In office June 15, 1984 – September 9, 1994 | |
| Appointed by | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | James Stuart Holden |
| Succeeded by | John Garvan Murtha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Franklin Swift Billings Jr. June 5, 1922 Woodstock, Vermont |
| Died | March 9, 2014 (aged 91) Woodstock, Vermont |
| Spouse | Pauline Richardson Gillingham |
| Children | Franklin Swift Billings III Jireh Swift Billings Elizabeth Preudhomme Billings Ann Billings Suokko |
| Parent(s) | Franklin S. Billings Gertrude Freeman Curtis |
| Relatives | Franklin Noble Billings (grand-father) Frederick H. Billings (grand-uncle) |
| Education | Harvard College (B.S.) University of Virginia School of Law (J.D.) |
Early life edit
Franklin S. "Bill" Billings was born in Woodstock, Vermont on June 5, 1922, the son of Governor Franklin S. Billings and grandson of Franklin Noble Billings.[1] He was raised in Woodstock and Milton, Massachusetts, graduated from Cardigan Mountain School and Milton Academy, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Harvard College in 1943.[2][3][4]
World War II edit
Billings completed the Reserve Officer Training Corps program at Harvard and received his commission as a second lieutenant. He was slated for training at Fort Sill when an Army physical uncovered a heart condition that disqualified him from military service. He then moved to Schenectady to work on a General Electric radar project for the United States Navy.[5]
Billings then joined the American Field Service as a volunteer ambulance driver. He served with the British Eighth Army and the 6th Armoured Division, and earned the British Empire Medal. He was wounded at the Battle of Monte Cassino in Southern Italy in May 1944, requiring five months of recovery and recuperation at a United States Army hospital in Italy, then four months stateside.[6] In 2010 he was awarded the Purple Heart.[7][8]
Early career edit
Billings attended Yale Law School for a year, and then transferred to the University of Virginia School of Law, from which he received a Juris Doctor in 1947. He then practiced law in Woodstock.[9]
A Republican, he held several elected and appointed offices, including Village Trustee, Town Selectman, Town Meeting Moderator, Assistant Secretary and Secretary of the Vermont State Senate, Executive Clerk to Governor Joseph Johnson, and Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs (chief assistant) to Governor Robert Stafford. Billings also served as Judge of the Hartford Municipal Court from 1955 to 1962.[10][11]
Later career edit
Elected to the Vermont House of Representatives as a Republican in 1960, Billings served from 1961 to 1965. In the House Billings was one of the "Young Turks," a group of relatively junior members who pursued progressive policies regardless of party affiliation. The effort to end conservative Republican dominance of Vermont had gone on since the early 1900s with limited success. The Young Turks attained more success, including the election of fellow Young Turk Philip H. Hoff, a Burlington liberal, as Vermont's first Democratic Governor since the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s.[12]
He was Speaker in his final term. During his speakership, Vermont conformed to federal proportional representation requirements, moving the state House from a "one town, one vote" body of over 240 members to 150 members elected by district.[13]
Billings became a Judge of the Superior Court in 1966.[14] He was an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1975 to 1983. In 1983, he was nominated for Chief Justice; he was succeeded as an associate justice by Ernest W. Gibson III, and served until 1984.[15][16]
Federal judicial service edit
Billings was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on May 25, 1984, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Vermont vacated by Judge James Stuart Holden. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 15, 1984, and received commission on June 15, 1984. He served as Chief Judge from 1988 to 1991. He assumed senior status on September 9, 1994. His service terminated on March 9, 2014, due to death.[17][18]
Retirement and death edit
In retirement Billings continued to reside in Woodstock. He died in Woodstock on March 9, 2014, at the age of 91.[19]
Family edit
Billings married Pauline (Polly) Richardson Gillingham in 1951, the granddaughter of Frank Henry Gillingham, founder of F. H. Gillingham & Sons at 16 Elm Street in Woodstock. The general store remains in the family and is operated by their two sons, Frank and Jireh Billings.
They had four children: Franklin Swift Billings III, Jireh Swift Billings, Elizabeth Preudhomme Billings and Ann Billings Suokko; and eight grandchildren: Jireh Swift Billings, Jr., Nathaniel Swift Billings, Calder Swift Billings, Isaac Billings Sacca, Susanna Sacca Billings, Mario Billings Sacca, Gertrude Sofia Suokko and Alden Southworth Curtis Suokko.[20][21]
Legacy edit
Billings was a member of the Vermont family that Billings, Montana, and the University of Vermont's Billings Library were named.[22]
Related edit
References edit
- ^ National Park Service (2019). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Woodstock Village Historic District" (PDF). State of Vermont, Agency of Commerce and Community Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior. p. Section 7, Page 9.
- ^ Vermont Secretary of State, Vermont Legislative Directory, 1985, page 442
- ^ J.C. Fifield Company, The American Bar, Volume 44, Part 1962, page 1480
- ^ Mike Donoghue, Burlington Free Press, Former Vermont judge Franklin Billings Jr. dies at 91 Archived 2014-03-11 at archive.today, March 9, 2014
- ^ David Cogger, Vermont Standard, Judge Billings Receives Purple Heart 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, December 16, 2010
- ^ Vermont General Assembly, Senate Concurrent Resolution 23, Congratulating Judge Franklin Swift Billings Jr. and Mrs. Pauline Richardson Gillingham Billings on Their 60th Wedding Anniversary, 2011, page 1
- ^ Vermont Public Radio, Federal Judge Awarded Purple Heart, February 18, 2010
- ^ David Cogger, Vermont Standard, Judge Franklin Billings Recalls President Coolidge 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, May 9, 2010
- ^ U.S. Government Printing Office, United States Senate Judiciary Committee Confirmation Hearings on Appointments to the Federal Judiciary, Volume 3, 1985, page 198
- ^ Aspen Law & Business, Almanac of the Federal Judiciary, Volumes 1-2, 1988, page 118
- ^ Vermont Secretary of State, Legislative Directory, 1983, page 346
- ^ Steve Zind, Vermont Public Radio, Former Chief Justice, Legislator Franklin S. Billings Jr. Dies, March 11, 2014
- ^ Sunlight Foundation, Capitol Words, Sen. James M. Jeffords, Tribute To Franklin S. Billings Jr. Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today, May 23, 1997
- ^ James Roger Sharp, Nancy Weatherly Sharp, American Legislative Leaders in the Northeast, 1911-1994, 2000, page 59
- ^ Vermont House of Representatives, State of Vermont, List of Supreme Court Chief Justices, 2004
- ^ Vermont Secretary of State, Vermont Legislative Directory, 1985, page 442
- ^ The Vermont Bar Journal & Law Digest, Hon. Franklin S. Billings Jr. Sworn in as U.S. District Judge, Volume 10, 1984, page 13
- ^ Bernan Press, Biographical Directory of the Federal Judiciary, 2001, page 277
- ^ Kevin O'Connor, Rutland Herald, Top Vt. judge Franklin Billings Jr. dies at age 91 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, March 10, 2014
- ^ Paul Anthony Theis, Edmund Lee Henshaw, Who's Who in American Politics, Volume 2, 1991, page 1657
- ^ Franklin Swift Billings Jr., 1922-2014, Woodstock
- ^ Former Vermont Judge Franklin Billings Jr. dies at 91
External links edit
- Franklin S. Billings Jr. at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- Franklin S. Billings Jr. at The Political Graveyard
- Franklin S. Billings Jr. at Find a Grave