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Country Walk case

March 17, 2024

The Country Walk case is a Florida 1985 "Multi-Victim, Multi-Offender"[1] child sex abuse case that occurred during the day-care sex-abuse hysteria. Frank Fuster remains imprisoned. [2] His wife Ileana Flores Fuster initially denied any wrongdoing, but following months of interrogations, she testified against Frank and confessed to the alleged crimes, later recanting her confession, then recanting her recantation, and finally recanting that.[3] This case became known because it seemed to have better evidence than other ritual abuse cases, but scientific findings since Fuster's conviction have challenged the evidence.[4][5][6] The case, prosecuted by Janet Reno, was profiled in the 2002 Frontline episode "Did Daddy Do It?"[7][8]

The Fusters edit

Frank Fuster, aka Francisco Fuster-Escalona,[9] had recently married Ileana Flores; they owned the Country Walk Babysitting Service in the Country Walk suburb of Miami, Florida. He had been convicted for the 1969 manslaughter of Jack (or Jacob) Isenbek, shot in the head in 1980,[4][10] and convicted for fondling a 9-year-old child in 1981.[2][7][11] He pled guilty to manslaughter and does not dispute this conviction,[12][13][14] but now does dispute his responsibility.[15] In his earlier fondling case, he refused a plea bargain of 6 months probation, was convicted and initially sentenced to 2 years probation, and has always maintained his innocence.[3][16] He regrets following the advice of his lawyer, Henri Rauch, in not taking the stand in this case.[3][17] Wood et al., who defended Fuster in the Country Walk case, "have no doubt he was rightfully convicted in [his two previous] cases."[18][3] According to his defense team, his probation officer approved Fuster's working at a day care.[9] In 1985 he was charged and convicted of 14 counts of child sexual abuse at this day care.[19] He was sentenced to prison with a minimum length of 165 years.[20][21] The Fusters' victims testified that the Fusters led them in Satanic rituals and terrorized them by forcing them to watch Mr. Fuster mutilate birds to intimidate any children who might reveal the abuse.[19]

Testimony from children in the case was elicited by University of Miami child psychologists Laurie and Joseph Braga, who resorted to allegedly coercive questioning of the children when the desired answers were not forthcoming,[22][23][24] allegedly questioning the Fusters' son for seven hours[25] (Joseph Braga's training was in education while Laurie Braga's was in speech pathology,[26] and the Bragas "became known as 'the pied pipers of child abuse'").[27] While other alleged ritual abuse cases also had such elicited testimony, this case seemed to have the hard evidence of the Fusters' son's positive gonorrhea test and a confession from Mr. Fuster's wife Ileana. The gonorrhea test was new and found to be unreliable as "it cannot distinguish that organism from others that occur normally in both children's and adults' throats",[4] and has "a false positive rate in children of over one third."[28] The prosecutors destroyed the test sample, preventing a retest.[2][29]

The positive gonorrhea test seemed to have convinced the prosecution of the Fusters' guilt so they sought a confession from Ileana.[24] Attorney Michael Von Zamft had been representing both Fusters but dropped Francisco and tried to help Ileana recover memories of abuse.[29][5] "Francisco's defender thus became his prosecutor."[29] Von Zamft and the prosecution brought in contractors called the "Behavior Changers" to extract a confession from Ileana.[3][29] Ileana, in 2001, described the "Behavior Changers":

Since they had all the stories from the children and I didn't remember, they will make me close my eyes and just they will tell me the story. They would tell me the story. Then in my mind, I have to go step by step the way how they were telling me the story. I had to imagine that that was happening. ... If I made a mistake, then they would correct me: ... They would tell me the name of the children. I couldn't remember all of them, so they would correct me again. And we would do this over and over until I got the memory piece that supposedly was missing.[30]

Following this treatment, in 1985 Michael Rappaport, of the Behavior Changers, and Janet Reno accompanied Ileana during her deposition against Frank, in which she gave many lurid details including snakes and feces and was periodically interrupted and guided by Rappaport.[31] Sociologist Richard Ofshe studied the case and in his deposition concluded that,

Ileana Fuster was hypnotized repeatedly prior to trial; that Ileana has personality characteristics ... that indicate a high level of suggestibility coupled with a great desire to please; that the testimony she eventually gave against her husband is likely to have included a great many elements that were suggested to her by therapists in the weeks leading up to trial; and that, as a result, her trial testimony cannot be considered reliable, factual or as historical truth.[32]

Ofhse said that this "leaves 'no question' that [the Behavior Changers] were involved in coercing a confession."[5] Ileana Flores, however, did not admit to such lurid claims when she pled guilty, instead maintaining "that she was innocent but wanted 'to get all of this over'".[33] Ileana served 3 years imprisonment, where she divorced her husband and was born-again. She was then deported to Honduras, accompanied by members of her new church.[5] The Fusters lost custody of their son, Noel, who did not testify.[4] He went to live with his biological mother and her husband. He has since always denied that he was abused.[24][34] Because Noel denied being abused, he did not share in the settlements, of over five-million dollars, paid to the families of the alleged victims in this case by the Disney-owned Arvida Corporation, developers of Country Walk.[3][35]

Ileana offered lurid testimony against her husband after she had pled guilty but before she was sentenced.[36] She later recanted her court testimony, claiming that she had been kept naked in solitary confinement and subjected to other forms of physical and psychological duress until she had agreed to testify against her husband.[7][29] Defense investigator Stephen Dinerstein confirmed this, deposing "that the shower, when received, is a hosing down in the cell. That she is in a cell with nothing in it but a light in the ceiling and that she is often kept nude and in view of everybody and anybody."[3] Flores told Frontline that prosecutor Janet Reno visited her in jail, saying "I'm sorry, but you are not [innocent]. You're going to have to help us."[30] The number and timing of Reno's visits are in dispute, with Rappaport claiming at least 30 such visits,[5] and admitting to 34 interro­gations of his own.[23] Ileana's interro­gations have been described as torture[13][28] that defense witness Ralph Underwager described as similar to the "psychological torture" of American prisoners of war in the Korean War.[37][38]

When Von Zamft dropped Frank, it left him with defense attorney Jeffrey Samek. Fuster says that after his 1981 conviction, Samek wanted to handle his appeal,[39] but then Samek found no ground for appeal, which Fuster says prevented his filing an appeal on time.[10] In the 1985 trial, Samek accused Fuster of assaulting him and Fuster accused Samek of lying. Both requested that Samek be replaced, but the judge did not permit this.[40] Fuster later admitted that he "took [Samek] by his clothes and put him against a wall."[12] When Fuster was convicted, Samek said "there is some feeling someone charged with these crimes is guilty until proven innocent. I'm not saying that's the case here."[20] At his deposition, Dinerstein complained that Fuster's defense lawyers were not interested and refused to meet him when he discovered exculpatory information.[23][41] Fuster's appeal "claim of ineffective assistance of counsel" was rejected as he did not make this claim on time.[42]

In 1995 in Honduras, Ileana gave a deposition to Arthur Cohen, an appeal lawyer representing Fuster, that she could not remember any child abuse "because nothing really happened."[3][43] A judge ruled that this was sufficient to call for a hearing regarding a new trial for Fuster, and arranged for Ileana to testify remotely from Honduras.[24] Soon thereafter, Rev. Tommy Watson, the minister of her new church that was paying for her education and who had helped to negotiate her early release and deportation, flew to Honduras to meet with Ileana.[24] There Ileana signed a letter recanting her denial, witnessed by Watson.[44] This prevented the hearing that attorneys Cohen and Robert Rosenthal were trying to arrange for Frank.[45] In her 2001 Frontline interview, Ileana changed her story once again, claiming that Watson threatened her into signing that letter.[30] Frontline producer and director Michael Kirk said "The question to me is not whether Ileana is a liar. Ileana is a liar. The only question is when. When she pled guilty, or now?"[14]

As of 2020, Frank Fuster continues to serve a 165-year prison sentence.[46][47] Fuster and his defense claimed that he rejected a plea bargain of a 15-year sentence that would have released him even sooner.[9][48] His many appeals and requests for clemency have been unsuccessful,[42][49] and he has lacked legal representation since 2003. In 2012, the Innocence Project declined to take his case, telling Fuster, "We have reviewed your case and have determined that our office cannot accept it," with no further explanation. He will not be eligible for parole until 2134.[3]

In The Witch-Hunt Narrative, Ross E. Cheit argues that most of those accused in alleged day-care sex-abuse hysteria cases, including the Country Walk case, the McMartin preschool trial,[50][51] and the Oak Hill satanic ritual abuse trial, were actually guilty[52][53][54] (the district attorney declared the Oak Hill defendants "actually innocent",[55] so they were compensated for their imprisonment).[56] James M. Wood, Debbie Nathan, Richard Beck, and Keith Hampton criticize Cheit's work as "[having] omitted or mischaracterized important facts or ignored relevant scientific information", and of often being "factually inaccurate and [tending] to make strong assertions without integrating relevant scholarly and scientific information."[18] KC Johnson writes "Even as [Cheit's] book gives every benefit of the doubt to the investigators and prosecutors ... much of Cheit's evidence nonetheless portrays the prosecutions as massive miscarriages of justice."[57]

The Miami Method edit

Main article: Janet Reno § Child abuse prosecutions

The case was prosecuted by Dade County state's attorney Janet Reno.[46] Her "Miami Method", to prosecute day care sex abuse cases, was also used to prosecute Bobby Fijnje and Grant Snowden.[58][59] These cases were profiled in the 1998 Frontline episode "The Child Terror".[60][61]

Bobby Fijnje, 14 when accused and 16 when tried, was accused of sexually molesting 21 children in his care during church services. The charges were driven by the testimony of children interviewed by mental-health professionals using techniques later discredited.[62][63] A psychologist told one child, who was denying abuse, that if she made an accusation, "you won't have to keep answering my questions". She made an accusation,[64] while interrogated diabetic Fijnje was deprived of food and confessed to touching a child, only to retract it as soon as he was released.[65] Attorney Mel Black was one of Fijnje's defenders — the church where the abuse was alleged had an insurance policy that paid about one million dollars for Fijnje's defense.[3][63]  Stephen Ceci testified in Fijnje's defense,[66] but also conveyed a plea-bargain offer from the prosecution to Fijnje's family.[63]

The prosecution dropped one of the child accusers before the trial, "so that a jury would not hear her story about digging up graves and a woman turned into a witch."[64] During the trial, the prosecution was unable to present any witnesses to the alleged abuse. Fijnje refused a plea-bargain and was acquitted of all charges.[67][68][69] University of Utah psychology professor and defense witness David Raskin said that Fijnje's "refusal to plea marked the crucial difference between the Fijnje and Country Walk cases:

They thought they'd offer Bobby a deal he couldn't refuse. But they were not able to do to him what they did to Ileana Fuster."[63]

In 1997, Fijnje and the Fusters' son Noel attended a "Day of Contrition" conference in Salem, Massachusetts, along with experts and others who had been freed in similar cases.[70][71]

Initially the charges against Harold Grant Snowden, a policeman, were dropped. Then Reno brought in the Bragas to question the children.[26] Snowden was first acquitted, then retried with younger children[72] and sentenced to 5 life sentences.[7][73] His state appeals were rejected so he was imprisoned for 12 years before a 1997 federal appeal[74] was successful.[8][75] In overturning his conviction, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals concluded "that allowing expert testimony to boost the credibility of the main witness against Snowden — considering the lack of other evidence of guilt — violated his right to due process by making his criminal trial fundamentally unfair."[76][77] The appeals court ruled that the positive gonorrhea test, performed by the same doctor at the same lab as in the Fuster case, was unreliable in this case.[14] Assistant Attorney General Michael Neimand argued against releasing Snowden on bail, and letting him speak to the press while they considered retrying him, but the court denied these requests.[78] The prosecution vowed to continue prosecuting,[72] but the U.S. Supreme Court denied their appeal,[79] so they "dismissed the charges on November 22, 1998."[80] Upon release, when Snowden was looking for work, his wife's ex-husband helped get Snowden's name removed from sex-offender lists.[81]

Some attempted to raise questions about these cases when Reno was nominated for U.S. Attorney General:[29][63] Debbie Nathan's journal article[4] was faxed to the White House, and Fijnje's father (a Dutch diplomat) "sent a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee".[37][69] Raskin argued that the Fijnje case in particular should be raised at Reno's confirmation hearings, but Black was more forgiving and opposed this.[63] Black's view prevailed as Reno was not then questioned about any of these cases.[24][73][37] When asked about the Country Walk case while running for Governor of Florida in 2002, Reno replied, "I haven't looked at the file in 15 years; I would need you to bring me all the files, and I don't foresee having the time to go through the files."[7][82][83]

Unspeakable Acts edit

This case inspired a 1986 book and a 1990 ABC made-for-TV movie, both called Unspeakable Acts.[33][84] The book and early reviews accepted the prosecution's account,[19][38][85] but Debbie Nathan criticized author Jan Hollingsworth for leaving out important facts and not disclosing her relationship to the prosecutors: Hollingsworth had left her position as a TV-reporter to become a paid consultant to the Bragas.[5]

The movie starred Jill Clayburgh and Brad Davis as Laurie and Joseph Braga, and Gregory Sierra and Bess Meyer as Frank and Ileana Fuster. But neither Reno nor any of Ileana's other interrogators were portrayed. The movie changed the Fusters' child from a son to a daughter. At the end of the movie, star Clayburgh spoke (out of character) about detecting signs of sexual abuse in children.[86]

The movie and its contemporary reviews accepted the prosecution's (and book's) theory.[87][88][89] The New York Times praised the movie for avoiding exploitation and sensationalism,[90] but People Magazine panned the movie as "harsh, sanctimonious [and] painful to watch."[91] Some parents of the alleged victims objected to the movie for reopening old wounds.[92]

Frank Fuster has been attacked five times in prison, and most seriously when a fellow prisoner stabbed Fuster in the neck[35] after a rebroadcast of this movie.[3][23]

See also edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Ross E. Cheit, David Mervis, "Myths About the Country Walk Case", Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 16(3), 2007
  • Debbie Nathan, "Revisiting Country Walk", Issues In Child Abuse Accusations, Vol. 5(1), 1993.
  • Case summary from Frontline
  • Frontline: the Child terror with video
  • from Richard Ofshe
  • Unspeakable Acts at IMDb  

March 17, 2024
country, walk, case, florida, 1985, multi, victim, multi, offender, child, abuse, case, that, occurred, during, care, abuse, hysteria, frank, fuster, remains, imprisoned, wife, ileana, flores, fuster, initially, denied, wrongdoing, following, months, interroga. The Country Walk case is a Florida 1985 Multi Victim Multi Offender 1 child sex abuse case that occurred during the day care sex abuse hysteria Frank Fuster remains imprisoned 2 His wife Ileana Flores Fuster initially denied any wrongdoing but following months of interrogations she testified against Frank and confessed to the alleged crimes later recanting her confession then recanting her recantation and finally recanting that 3 This case became known because it seemed to have better evidence than other ritual abuse cases but scientific findings since Fuster s conviction have challenged the evidence 4 5 6 The case prosecuted by Janet Reno was profiled in the 2002 Frontline episode Did Daddy Do It 7 8 Contents 1 The Fusters 2 The Miami Method 3 Unspeakable Acts 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingThe Fusters editFrank Fuster aka Francisco Fuster Escalona 9 had recently married Ileana Flores they owned the Country Walk Babysitting Service in the Country Walk suburb of Miami Florida He had been convicted for the 1969 manslaughter of Jack or Jacob Isenbek shot in the head in 1980 4 10 and convicted for fondling a 9 year old child in 1981 2 7 11 He pled guilty to manslaughter and does not dispute this conviction 12 13 14 but now does dispute his responsibility 15 In his earlier fondling case he refused a plea bargain of 6 months probation was convicted and initially sentenced to 2 years probation and has always maintained his innocence 3 16 He regrets following the advice of his lawyer Henri Rauch in not taking the stand in this case 3 17 Wood et al who defended Fuster in the Country Walk case have no doubt he was rightfully convicted in his two previous cases 18 3 According to his defense team his probation officer approved Fuster s working at a day care 9 In 1985 he was charged and convicted of 14 counts of child sexual abuse at this day care 19 He was sentenced to prison with a minimum length of 165 years 20 21 The Fusters victims testified that the Fusters led them in Satanic rituals and terrorized them by forcing them to watch Mr Fuster mutilate birds to intimidate any children who might reveal the abuse 19 Testimony from children in the case was elicited by University of Miami child psychologists Laurie and Joseph Braga who resorted to allegedly coercive questioning of the children when the desired answers were not forthcoming 22 23 24 allegedly questioning the Fusters son for seven hours 25 Joseph Braga s training was in education while Laurie Braga s was in speech pathology 26 and the Bragas became known as the pied pipers of child abuse 27 While other alleged ritual abuse cases also had such elicited testimony this case seemed to have the hard evidence of the Fusters son s positive gonorrhea test and a confession from Mr Fuster s wife Ileana The gonorrhea test was new and found to be unreliable as it cannot distinguish that organism from others that occur normally in both children s and adults throats 4 and has a false positive rate in children of over one third 28 The prosecutors destroyed the test sample preventing a retest 2 29 The positive gonorrhea test seemed to have convinced the prosecution of the Fusters guilt so they sought a confession from Ileana 24 Attorney Michael Von Zamft had been representing both Fusters but dropped Francisco and tried to help Ileana recover memories of abuse 29 5 Francisco s defender thus became his prosecutor 29 Von Zamft and the prosecution brought in contractors called the Behavior Changers to extract a confession from Ileana 3 29 Ileana in 2001 described the Behavior Changers Since they had all the stories from the children and I didn t remember they will make me close my eyes and just they will tell me the story They would tell me the story Then in my mind I have to go step by step the way how they were telling me the story I had to imagine that that was happening If I made a mistake then they would correct me They would tell me the name of the children I couldn t remember all of them so they would correct me again And we would do this over and over until I got the memory piece that supposedly was missing 30 Following this treatment in 1985 Michael Rappaport of the Behavior Changers and Janet Reno accompanied Ileana during her deposition against Frank in which she gave many lurid details including snakes and feces and was periodically interrupted and guided by Rappaport 31 Sociologist Richard Ofshe studied the case and in his deposition concluded that Ileana Fuster was hypnotized repeatedly prior to trial that Ileana has personality characteristics that indicate a high level of suggestibility coupled with a great desire to please that the testimony she eventually gave against her husband is likely to have included a great many elements that were suggested to her by therapists in the weeks leading up to trial and that as a result her trial testimony cannot be considered reliable factual or as historical truth 32 Ofhse said that this leaves no question that the Behavior Changers were involved in coercing a confession 5 Ileana Flores however did not admit to such lurid claims when she pled guilty instead maintaining that she was innocent but wanted to get all of this over 33 Ileana served 3 years imprisonment where she divorced her husband and was born again She was then deported to Honduras accompanied by members of her new church 5 The Fusters lost custody of their son Noel who did not testify 4 He went to live with his biological mother and her husband He has since always denied that he was abused 24 34 Because Noel denied being abused he did not share in the settlements of over five million dollars paid to the families of the alleged victims in this case by the Disney owned Arvida Corporation developers of Country Walk 3 35 Ileana offered lurid testimony against her husband after she had pled guilty but before she was sentenced 36 She later recanted her court testimony claiming that she had been kept naked in solitary confinement and subjected to other forms of physical and psychological duress until she had agreed to testify against her husband 7 29 Defense investigator Stephen Dinerstein confirmed this deposing that the shower when received is a hosing down in the cell That she is in a cell with nothing in it but a light in the ceiling and that she is often kept nude and in view of everybody and anybody 3 Flores told Frontline that prosecutor Janet Reno visited her in jail saying I m sorry but you are not innocent You re going to have to help us 30 The number and timing of Reno s visits are in dispute with Rappaport claiming at least 30 such visits 5 and admitting to 34 interro gations of his own 23 Ileana s interro gations have been described as torture 13 28 that defense witness Ralph Underwager described as similar to the psychological torture of American prisoners of war in the Korean War 37 38 When Von Zamft dropped Frank it left him with defense attorney Jeffrey Samek Fuster says that after his 1981 conviction Samek wanted to handle his appeal 39 but then Samek found no ground for appeal which Fuster says prevented his filing an appeal on time 10 In the 1985 trial Samek accused Fuster of assaulting him and Fuster accused Samek of lying Both requested that Samek be replaced but the judge did not permit this 40 Fuster later admitted that he took Samek by his clothes and put him against a wall 12 When Fuster was convicted Samek said there is some feeling someone charged with these crimes is guilty until proven innocent I m not saying that s the case here 20 At his deposition Dinerstein complained that Fuster s defense lawyers were not interested and refused to meet him when he discovered exculpatory information 23 41 Fuster s appeal claim of ineffective assistance of counsel was rejected as he did not make this claim on time 42 In 1995 in Honduras Ileana gave a deposition to Arthur Cohen an appeal lawyer representing Fuster that she could not remember any child abuse because nothing really happened 3 43 A judge ruled that this was sufficient to call for a hearing regarding a new trial for Fuster and arranged for Ileana to testify remotely from Honduras 24 Soon thereafter Rev Tommy Watson the minister of her new church that was paying for her education and who had helped to negotiate her early release and deportation flew to Honduras to meet with Ileana 24 There Ileana signed a letter recanting her denial witnessed by Watson 44 This prevented the hearing that attorneys Cohen and Robert Rosenthal were trying to arrange for Frank 45 In her 2001 Frontline interview Ileana changed her story once again claiming that Watson threatened her into signing that letter 30 Frontline producer and director Michael Kirk said The question to me is not whether Ileana is a liar Ileana is a liar The only question is when When she pled guilty or now 14 As of 2020 update Frank Fuster continues to serve a 165 year prison sentence 46 47 Fuster and his defense claimed that he rejected a plea bargain of a 15 year sentence that would have released him even sooner 9 48 His many appeals and requests for clemency have been unsuccessful 42 49 and he has lacked legal representation since 2003 In 2012 the Innocence Project declined to take his case telling Fuster We have reviewed your case and have determined that our office cannot accept it with no further explanation He will not be eligible for parole until 2134 3 In The Witch Hunt Narrative Ross E Cheit argues that most of those accused in alleged day care sex abuse hysteria cases including the Country Walk case the McMartin preschool trial 50 51 and the Oak Hill satanic ritual abuse trial were actually guilty 52 53 54 the district attorney declared the Oak Hill defendants actually innocent 55 so they were compensated for their imprisonment 56 James M Wood Debbie Nathan Richard Beck and Keith Hampton criticize Cheit s work as having omitted or mischaracterized important facts or ignored relevant scientific information and of often being factually inaccurate and tending to make strong assertions without integrating relevant scholarly and scientific information 18 KC Johnson writes Even as Cheit s book gives every benefit of the doubt to the investigators and prosecutors much of Cheit s evidence nonetheless portrays the prosecutions as massive miscarriages of justice 57 The Miami Method editMain article Janet Reno Child abuse prosecutions The case was prosecuted by Dade County state s attorney Janet Reno 46 Her Miami Method to prosecute day care sex abuse cases was also used to prosecute Bobby Fijnje and Grant Snowden 58 59 These cases were profiled in the 1998 Frontline episode The Child Terror 60 61 Bobby Fijnje 14 when accused and 16 when tried was accused of sexually molesting 21 children in his care during church services The charges were driven by the testimony of children interviewed by mental health professionals using techniques later discredited 62 63 A psychologist told one child who was denying abuse that if she made an accusation you won t have to keep answering my questions She made an accusation 64 while interrogated diabetic Fijnje was deprived of food and confessed to touching a child only to retract it as soon as he was released 65 Attorney Mel Black was one of Fijnje s defenders the church where the abuse was alleged had an insurance policy that paid about one million dollars for Fijnje s defense 3 63 Stephen Ceci testified in Fijnje s defense 66 but also conveyed a plea bargain offer from the prosecution to Fijnje s family 63 The prosecution dropped one of the child accusers before the trial so that a jury would not hear her story about digging up graves and a woman turned into a witch 64 During the trial the prosecution was unable to present any witnesses to the alleged abuse Fijnje refused a plea bargain and was acquitted of all charges 67 68 69 University of Utah psychology professor and defense witness David Raskin said that Fijnje s refusal to plea marked the crucial difference between the Fijnje and Country Walk cases They thought they d offer Bobby a deal he couldn t refuse But they were not able to do to him what they did to Ileana Fuster 63 In 1997 Fijnje and the Fusters son Noel attended a Day of Contrition conference in Salem Massachusetts along with experts and others who had been freed in similar cases 70 71 Initially the charges against Harold Grant Snowden a policeman were dropped Then Reno brought in the Bragas to question the children 26 Snowden was first acquitted then retried with younger children 72 and sentenced to 5 life sentences 7 73 His state appeals were rejected so he was imprisoned for 12 years before a 1997 federal appeal 74 was successful 8 75 In overturning his conviction the 11th U S Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that allowing expert testimony to boost the credibility of the main witness against Snowden considering the lack of other evidence of guilt violated his right to due process by making his criminal trial fundamentally unfair 76 77 The appeals court ruled that the positive gonorrhea test performed by the same doctor at the same lab as in the Fuster case was unreliable in this case 14 Assistant Attorney General Michael Neimand argued against releasing Snowden on bail and letting him speak to the press while they considered retrying him but the court denied these requests 78 The prosecution vowed to continue prosecuting 72 but the U S Supreme Court denied their appeal 79 so they dismissed the charges on November 22 1998 80 Upon release when Snowden was looking for work his wife s ex husband helped get Snowden s name removed from sex offender lists 81 Some attempted to raise questions about these cases when Reno was nominated for U S Attorney General 29 63 Debbie Nathan s journal article 4 was faxed to the White House and Fijnje s father a Dutch diplomat sent a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee 37 69 Raskin argued that the Fijnje case in particular should be raised at Reno s confirmation hearings but Black was more forgiving and opposed this 63 Black s view prevailed as Reno was not then questioned about any of these cases 24 73 37 When asked about the Country Walk case while running for Governor of Florida in 2002 Reno replied I haven t looked at the file in 15 years I would need you to bring me all the files and I don t foresee having the time to go through the files 7 82 83 Unspeakable Acts editThis case inspired a 1986 book and a 1990 ABC made for TV movie both called Unspeakable Acts 33 84 The book and early reviews accepted the prosecution s account 19 38 85 but Debbie Nathan criticized author Jan Hollingsworth for leaving out important facts and not disclosing her relationship to the prosecutors Hollingsworth had left her position as a TV reporter to become a paid consultant to the Bragas 5 The movie starred Jill Clayburgh and Brad Davis as Laurie and Joseph Braga and Gregory Sierra and Bess Meyer as Frank and Ileana Fuster But neither Reno nor any of Ileana s other interrogators were portrayed The movie changed the Fusters child from a son to a daughter At the end of the movie star Clayburgh spoke out of character about detecting signs of sexual abuse in children 86 The movie and its contemporary reviews accepted the prosecution s and book s theory 87 88 89 The New York Times praised the movie for avoiding exploitation and sensationalism 90 but People Magazine panned the movie as harsh sanctimonious and painful to watch 91 Some parents of the alleged victims objected to the movie for reopening old wounds 92 Frank Fuster has been attacked five times in prison and most seriously when a fellow prisoner stabbed Fuster in the neck 35 after a rebroadcast of this movie 3 23 See also editDay care sex abuse hysteria McMartin preschool trial Satanic ritual abuseReferences edit Allegations of ritual abuse of children at the Country Walk service in Miami Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance 2012 05 19 a b c Janet Reno s Last Victim National Review September 5 2018 a b c d e f g h i j k Isaac Rael Jean August 23 2018 The Last Victim National Review Archived from the original on 2019 03 30 a b c d e Nathan Debbie 1993 IPT Journal Revisiting Country Walk www ipt forensics com 5 1 ISSN 1043 8823 a b c d e f Debbie Nathan 1993 03 03 The public was shocked Country Walk parents demanded action An election was near Janet Reno was going to send someone to jail No matter what Miami New Times Retrieved 2020 01 14 Pendergrast Mark 13 October 2017 The Repressed Memory Epidemic How It Happened and What We Need to Learn from It Springer ISBN 9783319633756 a b c d e Did Daddy Do It Frontline PBS April 25 2002 Archived from the original on 2010 03 26 Transcript a b Rabinowitz Dorothy 2002 04 25 The Prosecutors A little sunshine on Janet Reno s pre Clinton legacy The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2003 08 16 Retrieved 2019 11 06 a b c Frank Fuster aka Francisco Fuster Escalona PDF The Frank Fuster Defense Team 1996 Archived from the original on 2003 10 15 Retrieved 28 October 2020 a b After the trial we move to Country Walk Free Frank Fuster December 17 2020 Discussion Did Daddy Do It FRONTLINE PBS www pbs org 2002 a b Interviews Frank Fuster Did Daddy Do It FRONTLINE PBS www pbs org a b Williamson Kevin 4 October 2018 The Road to Waco National Review a b c Washingtonpost com Live Online The Washington Post April 26 2002 Archived from the original on 2016 04 19 Fuster Frank November 21 2020 More about my Cases Free Frank Fuster Friends of Justice Fuster Frank November 6 2020 Introduction A Prison Post Friends of Justice Still More About the 1981 Case Free Frank Fuster December 4 2020 a b Wood James M Nathan Debbie Beck Richard Hampton Keith 2017 A Critical Evaluation of the Factual Accuracy and Scholarly Foundations of The Witch Hunt Narrative Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32 6 897 925 doi 10 1177 0886260516657351 ISSN 1552 6518 PMID 30145966 S2CID 52091302 a b c Collins Glen 1986 12 14 Nightmare in Country Walk The New York Times Retrieved 2008 07 01 Mr Fuster was convicted of molesting the children entrusted to his wife s care in their home in the middle class Dade County suburb of Country Walk a planned development that was intended to be an idyllic refuge from the anxieties of urban Miami a b Fuster Guilty of Sexual Abuse Dade Man s Time in Prison Totals 165 Years Orlando Sentinel 1985 10 03 30 anos despues I y II parte 30 years later Parts I and II Telemundo 51 February 24 2015 De Young Mary 2004 The day care ritual abuse moral panic Jefferson N C McFarland p 71 ISBN 978 0 7864 1830 5 a b c d Almond Steven December 15 1993 Who s Abusing Who Miami New Times a b c d e f Rosenthal Robert 1996 Janet Reno s Child Abuse Penthouse Archived from the original on 1996 12 21 Beck Richard 2015 We Believe the Children A Moral Panic in the 1980s PublicAffairs p 142 ISBN 9781610392884 a b Rabinowitz Dorothy 1996 10 28 The Pursuit of Justice in Dade County The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2003 08 03 PBS Revisits Country Walk Abuse Case Sun Sentinel 2002 04 25 a b Free Frank Fuster National Center for Reason and Justice 2020 a b c d e f Cockburn Alexander 1993 03 08 Janet Reno s Coerced Confession PDF The Nation pp 296 297 Archived from the original on 2008 05 13 Alt URL a b c Interviews Ileana Flores Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS Was Fuster a Monster Ileana Flores 1985 Deposition Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS Ofshe Richard Frank Fuster case Ofshe testimony affidavit credentials honors Archived from the original on 2013 01 04 Retrieved 2021 12 05 a b Romano Aja October 30 2016 The history of Satanic Panic in the US and why it s not over yet Vox Interviews Noel Goodman Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS a b Cockburn Alexander September 20 1993 Beat the Devil Reno s Victim PDF The Nation pp 272 273 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 12 07 Wife s Testimony Prompts Angry Outburst from Fuster Sun Sentinel 1985 10 01 a b c Underwager Ralph Wakefield Hollida 1994 Untying the Gordian Knot A Return to Reason 6 4 IPT Journal Archived from the original on 2004 07 19 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Unspeakable Acts by Jan Hollingsworth Congdon amp Weed 17 95 581 pp Los Angeles Times 23 November 1986 The 1981 Case Goes to Trial Free Frank Fuster December 10 2020 Fuster s own lawyer accuses him of assault YouTube www youtube com Sep 9 2018 Archived from the original on 2021 12 15 Letters National Review 27 September 2018 Archived from the original on 2019 01 18 a b Fuster v State 664 So 2d 18 Casetext Search Citator December 20 1995 Archived from the original on March 24 2020 Alt URL IPT Journal Statement of Ileana Flores Regarding Florida vs Fuster www ipt forensics com Was Fuster a Monster Ileana s Letter of Recantation Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS Archived from the original on 2004 07 31 Interviews Robert Rosenthal Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS a b Was Fuster a Monster A Summary of the Frank Fuster Country Walk Case Frontline Retrieved 10 March 2014 Florida Department of Law Enforcement Sexual Offender Predator Flyer Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 10 March 2014 Fuster Frank November 18 2020 The Truth about my Convictions Free Frank Fuster Prison Post Friends of Justice Francisco Fuster Escalona v FL Dept Of Corr No 04 15355 11th Cir 2006 Cheit Ross E 2014 The McMartin Preschool Case 1983 1990 Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acprof oso 9780199931224 001 0001 ISBN 9780199931224 via oxford universitypressscholarship com The Witch Hunt Narrative Rebuttal The National Center for Reason and Justice 2015 Archived from the original on 2015 10 17 Cheit Ross E Mervis David 2007 Myths About the Country Walk Case Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 16 3 95 116 doi 10 1300 J070v16n03 06 ISSN 1547 0679 PMID 18032242 S2CID 27645676 Cheit Ross E 2017 A Response to Articles and Commentaries on the Witch Hunt Narrative Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32 6 1002 1023 doi 10 1177 0886260516688889 ISSN 1552 6518 PMID 30145970 S2CID 52090559 Debunking Frontline s Did Daddy Do It April 24 2002 Archived from the original on 2003 08 18 King Michael 2017 06 20 Kellers Exonerated Austin Chronicle Chuck Lindell Dan Fran Keller to get 3 4 million in satanic day care case News Austin American Statesman Austin TX Statesman com Retrieved 2020 05 27 Johnson KC September 2014 Revisionism Gone Wild The Witch Hunt Narrative by Ross E Cheit Commentary Magazine Archived from the original on 2020 08 14 The Miami Method of Prosecuting the Child Terror FRONTLINE PBS The Miami Method of Prosecuting Child Abuse Cases Did Daddy do It FRONTLINE PBS PBS Frontline The Child Terror Bobby Fijnje and Grant Snowden Ritual Abuse cases YouTube 2020 04 27 Retrieved 2020 06 06 Synopsis the Child Terror FRONTLINE PBS PBS October 1998 IPT Journal Book Review Witch Hunt A True Story of Social Hysteria and Abused Justice Ipt forensics com April 15 2014 Retrieved January 29 2015 a b c d e f Almond Steven March 3 1993 Reno Reconsidered Part B Miami New Times Archived from the original on 2004 11 03 a b Rabinowitz Dorothy October 28 1996 The Bobby Finje Case The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on December 16 2020 Retrieved December 15 2020 Nathan Debbie Snedeker Michael 2001 Satan s Silence Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt iUniverse ISBN 9780595189557 Interviews Dr Stephen Ceci The Child Terror Frontline PBS Retrieved January 29 2015 Bobby Fijnje Interview The Child Terror Frontline PBS May 5 1991 Retrieved January 29 2015 Bobby Fijnje Fijnje Jury s Letter To Janet Reno The Child Terror Frontline PBS May 9 1991 Retrieved January 29 2015 a b B Fijnje Sr 1993 Open Letter to the American People Concerned Citizens for Legal Accountability Archived from the original on October 4 2003 Reid Carol Winter 2002 Shalom Salem IPT Journal 12 5 Freyd Pamela February 7 1997 FMSF Newsletter February 1 1997 Vol 6 No 2 a b Grant Snowden s Final Trial Wall Street Journal October 27 1998 Archived from the original on 2020 12 16 via www wsj com a b Confirmation Chronicles The Wall Street Journal 2001 01 19 Archived from the original on 2003 07 24 Rabinowitz Dorothy October 14 1997 The Snowden Case At the Bar of Justice The Wall Street Journal via www wsj com Reno Overturned The Wall Street Journal February 20 1998 Archived from the original on 2003 04 28 via www wsj com Grant Snowden Summary the Child Terror FRONTLINE PBS PBS Snowden v Singletary 2 18 1998 No 94 4303 February 18 1998 Archived from the original on 2003 08 02 Retrieved 2020 03 12 Rabinowitz Dorothy April 8 1998 Through the Darkness The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2003 08 13 Singletary v Snowden Ravel Law www ravellaw com November 2 1998 Harold Grant Snowden National Registry of Exonerations www law umich edu 2012 Afterward Freedom is never the same for those who ve been to prison on phony charges Pulitzer org December 29 2000 Archived from the original on 2004 12 18 Editorial Reno owes the public answers St Petersburg Times April 28 2002 Archived from the original on 2012 07 31 Frontline airs allegations against Reno Tampa Bay Times 2002 04 25 Keaney Quinn February 22 2019 Unspeakable Acts POPSUGAR Entertainment UNSPEAKABLE ACTS by Jan Hollingsworth Kirkus Reviews 1986 10 01 Archived from the original on 2020 01 14 Retrieved 2020 01 14 ABC Monday Night Movie Unspeakable Acts TV The Paley Center for Media 1995 2020 Unspeakable Acts details a horrifying true case of child UPI Archives Upi com 1990 01 13 Retrieved 2020 01 14 Portraying the Unspeakable Docudrama details a real case of abuse in day care center Los Angeles Times 1989 05 21 Unspeakable Acts Dramatic Tension Lies in Truth Los Angeles Times 1990 01 15 Archived from the original on 2020 09 09 Review Television Unspeakable Acts Sex Abuse in Day Care The New York Times 1990 01 15 Retrieved 2020 01 14 Picks and Pans Review Unspeakable Acts People January 15 1990 Victims parents angry about day care movie Producer defends re telling of child abuse case Tampa Bay Times 1990 01 16 Further reading editRoss E Cheit David Mervis Myths About the Country Walk Case Journal of Child Sexual Abuse Vol 16 3 2007 Debbie Nathan Revisiting Country Walk Issues In Child Abuse Accusations Vol 5 1 1993 Case summary from Frontline Frontline the Child terror with video Testimony amp affidavit from Richard Ofshe Unspeakable Acts at IMDb nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Country Walk case amp oldid 1205874361, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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