Francisco Luis Urquizo Benavides (21 June 1891, San Pedro de las Colonias, Coahuila – 6 April 1969, Mexico City) was a Mexican soldier, writer and historian who fought in the Mexican Revolution, rose to the rank of Major General, and served as Secretary of National Defense. He was also one of the most significant authors in the genre of historical fiction known as the “novela revolucionaria,” a term used to describe works set during the Mexican Revolution. Tropa vieja, which is considered his major narrative work, earned him the sobriquet “novelist of the soldier.”[1]
His son, Juan Manuel Urquizo Pérez de Tejada, has described Urquizo as “at once a key protagonist of and witness of the Revolution, who left an invaluable testimony in writing, rising to the category of chronicler of the act of revolution.”[2]
In 1911, in his native Coahuila, Urquizo became a soldier in the Mexican Revolution, serving under Emilio Madero. He later joined the Presidential Guard of Francisco I. Madero, fighting alongside him during the Ten Tragic Days. Upon the death of President Madero, he escaped from Mexico City and resisted Huerta's usurpation as part of the Constitutionalist Army commanded by Venustiano Carranza. After organizing a battalion of volunteers with whom he attacked the federal garrison under José Alessio Robles, he participated in the taking of Torreón and in the attack on Monterrey as part of the Division of the North.[3]
Promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, in 1916, he served, in turn, as commander of the Escort of the First Chief of the Constitutionalist Army, military commander of the Port of Veracruz and of Mexico City, and Chief of Military Operations in the State of Veracruz; he organized and had at his command the Supreme Powers Division and founded the Academy of the General Staff, the forerunner of today’s Heroic Military College.[4]
Urquizo was always loyal to Carranza, more than to Francisco Villa and the First Convention, and gave his fealty also to Álvaro Obregón when Obregón revolted against the government. Named Secretary of War and Navy in 1920, Urquizo fought in the battles of Apizaco, Rinconada and Aljibes against the insurgents who threatened the trains in which the government withdrew from Mexico City to Veracruz. After the defeat in Aljibes and the subsequent assassination of President Carranza in Tlaxcalantongo, Puebla, on May 21, 1920, Urquizo was incarcerated along with generals Francisco Murguía, Francisco de Paula Mariel, and Juan Barragán in the military prison of Santiago Tlatelolco.[5]
Exile
When he was released, he chose to go into exile in Europe. Although he had published works of journalism as early as 1913, some sources say that it was not until his period of exile that he began to produce literary works. According to his youngest son, Juan Manuel Urquizo Pérez de Tejada, however, Urquizo began writing long before his exile. “At the same time that he was making his military career,” wrote the younger Urquizo, “he was making his writing career, engaging in hand-to-hand combat and then writing literary works in which he recounts the events, describes characters and places, and takes us by the hand through the horror of war and the privations of the troops, but also through the hope and joy of triumph.”[6]
Post-revolutionary service
General Urquizo as under secretary of National Defense, congratulates Rear admiral Charles P. Mason, Chief of the Naval Air Intermediate Training Command, after presenting him with the Mexican Military Merit Order, 1st Class in ceremonies at N.A.S. Corpus Christi, Texas, February 1945.
Returning to Mexico, he was invited by the then president, Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, to rejoin the Army. He was promoted to Major General by President Manuel Ávila Camacho. In 1942, he became Undersecretary of Defense and began to promote the modernization of the Army, instituted the National Military Service, and formed the Motorized Brigade and Parachute Corps. He conceived the creation of the 201st Squadron of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force, which fought alongside the Allies in the Pacific during the Second World War, and of which he formally took leave in Greenville, Texas, on February 23, 1945. He served as Secretary of National Defense from 1 September 1945 to 30 November 1946 under President Manuel Ávila Camacho, and was commandant of the Mexican Legion of Honor from 1951-53.[7]
Writings
In addition to his novels of the revolution, he wrote historical works and travel books as well as plays and film scripts.[8] From his early years, he was a columnist for the newspapers El Nacional and El Universal, and for the magazines Mañana, El Legionario, El Universal Ilustrado, and Tópicos.[9]
Memberships
He was a commander of the Mexican Legion of Honor, a member of the Mexican Society of Geography and Statistics, and a founder of the Institute of Historical Studies of the Mexican Revolution.[10]
Honors and awards
In 1967 he received the Belisario Dominguez Medal of the Senate of the Republic, the highest decoration awarded by the Mexican Senate. He was also decorated by the governments of Argentina, Cuba, Ecuador, the United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Poland, and Venezuela.[11]
Principal Published Works
Memorias de campaña
Tropa Vieja
¡Viva Madero!
Páginas de la Revolución
La ciudadela quedó atrás
Fui soldado de levita de esos de caballería
México - Tlaxcalantongo
Morelos, genio militar de la Independencia
Europa Central en 1922
A un Joven Militar Mexicano
Madrid de los Años Veinte
Recuerdo Que...
Tres de Diana
Charlas de Sobremesa
El Capitán Arnaud
Lo Incognoscible
References
^Ocampo A. M. and Navarrete Maya, L.. Aportación bibliográfica. “Francisco L. Urquizo (1891-1969).” UNAM: Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas.
francisco, luis, urquizo, benavides, june, 1891, pedro, colonias, coahuila, april, 1969, mexico, city, mexican, soldier, writer, historian, fought, mexican, revolution, rose, rank, major, general, served, secretary, national, defense, also, most, significant, . Francisco Luis Urquizo Benavides 21 June 1891 San Pedro de las Colonias Coahuila 6 April 1969 Mexico City was a Mexican soldier writer and historian who fought in the Mexican Revolution rose to the rank of Major General and served as Secretary of National Defense He was also one of the most significant authors in the genre of historical fiction known as the novela revolucionaria a term used to describe works set during the Mexican Revolution Tropa vieja which is considered his major narrative work earned him the sobriquet novelist of the soldier 1 Francisco L UrquizoGeneral Francisco L Urquizo BenavidesBorn 1891 06 21 June 21 1891San Pedro de las Colonias CoahuilaDied 1969 04 06 April 6 1969 aged 77 Mexico CityAllegianceMexico antireeleccionista revolutionary forces Service wbr branchLiberation Army of the South 1911 Federal Army 1912 1913 Constitutional Army 1913 1920 Mexican Army 1920 1936 1969Years of service1911 1920 1936 1969RankGeneralCommands heldSecretariat of National DefenceBattles warsMexican Revolution Attack on San Pedro de las Colonias Ten Tragic Days Battle of Candela Battle of Torreon Taking of Monterrey Fights of Apizaco Rinconada and Aljibes TlaxcalantongoAwardsBelisario Dominguez Medal of Honour Mexican Legion of HonourHis son Juan Manuel Urquizo Perez de Tejada has described Urquizo as at once a key protagonist of and witness of the Revolution who left an invaluable testimony in writing rising to the category of chronicler of the act of revolution 2 Contents 1 Mexican Revolution 2 Exile 3 Post revolutionary service 4 Writings 5 Memberships 6 Honors and awards 7 Principal Published Works 8 ReferencesMexican Revolution EditIn 1911 in his native Coahuila Urquizo became a soldier in the Mexican Revolution serving under Emilio Madero He later joined the Presidential Guard of Francisco I Madero fighting alongside him during the Ten Tragic Days Upon the death of President Madero he escaped from Mexico City and resisted Huerta s usurpation as part of the Constitutionalist Army commanded by Venustiano Carranza After organizing a battalion of volunteers with whom he attacked the federal garrison under Jose Alessio Robles he participated in the taking of Torreon and in the attack on Monterrey as part of the Division of the North 3 Promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in 1916 he served in turn as commander of the Escort of the First Chief of the Constitutionalist Army military commander of the Port of Veracruz and of Mexico City and Chief of Military Operations in the State of Veracruz he organized and had at his command the Supreme Powers Division and founded the Academy of the General Staff the forerunner of today s Heroic Military College 4 Urquizo was always loyal to Carranza more than to Francisco Villa and the First Convention and gave his fealty also to Alvaro Obregon when Obregon revolted against the government Named Secretary of War and Navy in 1920 Urquizo fought in the battles of Apizaco Rinconada and Aljibes against the insurgents who threatened the trains in which the government withdrew from Mexico City to Veracruz After the defeat in Aljibes and the subsequent assassination of President Carranza in Tlaxcalantongo Puebla on May 21 1920 Urquizo was incarcerated along with generals Francisco Murguia Francisco de Paula Mariel and Juan Barragan in the military prison of Santiago Tlatelolco 5 Exile EditWhen he was released he chose to go into exile in Europe Although he had published works of journalism as early as 1913 some sources say that it was not until his period of exile that he began to produce literary works According to his youngest son Juan Manuel Urquizo Perez de Tejada however Urquizo began writing long before his exile At the same time that he was making his military career wrote the younger Urquizo he was making his writing career engaging in hand to hand combat and then writing literary works in which he recounts the events describes characters and places and takes us by the hand through the horror of war and the privations of the troops but also through the hope and joy of triumph 6 Post revolutionary service Edit General Urquizo as under secretary of National Defense congratulates Rear admiral Charles P Mason Chief of the Naval Air Intermediate Training Command after presenting him with the Mexican Military Merit Order 1st Class in ceremonies at N A S Corpus Christi Texas February 1945 Returning to Mexico he was invited by the then president Lazaro Cardenas del Rio to rejoin the Army He was promoted to Major General by President Manuel Avila Camacho In 1942 he became Undersecretary of Defense and began to promote the modernization of the Army instituted the National Military Service and formed the Motorized Brigade and Parachute Corps He conceived the creation of the 201st Squadron of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force which fought alongside the Allies in the Pacific during the Second World War and of which he formally took leave in Greenville Texas on February 23 1945 He served as Secretary of National Defense from 1 September 1945 to 30 November 1946 under President Manuel Avila Camacho and was commandant of the Mexican Legion of Honor from 1951 53 7 Writings EditIn addition to his novels of the revolution he wrote historical works and travel books as well as plays and film scripts 8 From his early years he was a columnist for the newspapers El Nacional and El Universal and for the magazines Manana El Legionario El Universal Ilustrado and Topicos 9 Memberships EditHe was a commander of the Mexican Legion of Honor a member of the Mexican Society of Geography and Statistics and a founder of the Institute of Historical Studies of the Mexican Revolution 10 Honors and awards EditIn 1967 he received the Belisario Dominguez Medal of the Senate of the Republic the highest decoration awarded by the Mexican Senate He was also decorated by the governments of Argentina Cuba Ecuador the United States Guatemala Haiti Poland and Venezuela 11 Principal Published Works EditMemorias de campana Tropa Vieja Viva Madero Paginas de la Revolucion La ciudadela quedo atras Fui soldado de levita de esos de caballeria Mexico Tlaxcalantongo Morelos genio militar de la Independencia Europa Central en 1922 A un Joven Militar Mexicano Madrid de los Anos Veinte Recuerdo Que Tres de Diana Charlas de Sobremesa El Capitan Arnaud Lo IncognoscibleReferences Edit Ocampo A M and Navarrete Maya L Aportacion bibliografica Francisco L Urquizo 1891 1969 UNAM Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas Militar novelista y padre Vanguardia Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Militar novelista y padre Vanguardia Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 FRANCISCO L URQUIZO Ahunam Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Francisco L Urquizo Rotunda 6 August 1994 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francisco Luis Urquizo amp oldid 1085393359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
