Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet
January 01, 1970
The fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Communist base in the border region between Hubei, Henan, and Anhui provinces, the Eyuwan Soviet. Although the Fourth Red Army responded with its fourth counter-encirclement campaign, the Nationalists were ultimately successful and overran the soviet area by early October 1932.
Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet
Drought, food shortages, and a major epidemic had weakened the Eyuwan Soviet going into 1932.[1] From July to September 1932, Chiang Kai-shek ordered 300,000 troops of the National Revolutionary Army to begin the fourth encirclement campaign.[2] The Communists positioned their 25th Army to defend the east while the main force of the Fourth Red Army was located to the west. Although it was able to inflict about the same amount of casualties on the nationalist forces as it suffered itself, this loss rate was unsustainable against a superior force.[3] National General Xia Douyin led a scorched earth campaign, killing all men found in the Soviet areas, burning all buildings, and seizing or destroying all crops.[4] Historians such as Marc Opper and Chen Yao-huang argue that a major factor in the Fourth Red Army's defeat was its decision to adopt more conventional tactics. The mass of the peasantry was unfriendly to Nationalists and so Nationalist armies had to rely on local elites to provide food, a method that was unreliable and made them vulnerable to supply problems. The Communists failed to capitalize on this logistical weakness when they decided not to fight a guerrilla war.[5]
However, the Nationalist victory was incomplete because they had concluded the campaign too early in their jubilation. The Fourth Red Army retreated to border region between Shaanxi and Sichuan, leaving behind a small force to carry out guerilla warfare.[2] Moreover, the remnant local Communist force of the Eyuwan Soviet was able to rebuild a guerilla movement by taking advantage of the early Nationalist withdrawal. They hid in the mountains and eked out a living by foraging and organizing poor peasants to seize grain kept by landlords and public granaries.[6] Gao Jingting [zh] and Xu Haidong became the de facto leaders of the largest force left behind, the 25th Red Army. They were successful at preserving a Communist presence in the region for several more years.[7][8] As a result, the Nationalists had to launch a fifth encirclement campaign.
fourth, encirclement, campaign, against, eyuwan, soviet, fourth, encirclement, campaign, against, eyuwan, soviet, encirclement, campaign, launched, chinese, nationalist, government, against, communist, base, border, region, between, hubei, henan, anhui, provin. The fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Communist base in the border region between Hubei Henan and Anhui provinces the Eyuwan Soviet Although the Fourth Red Army responded with its fourth counter encirclement campaign the Nationalists were ultimately successful and overran the soviet area by early October 1932 Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan SovietPart of the Chinese Civil WarDateEarly July 1932 October 12 1932LocationHubei Henan Anhui border region ChinaResultNationalist victoryBelligerentsNationalist ChinaChinese Red ArmyCommanders and leadersChiang Kai shek Li JishenXu Xiangqian Zhang GuotaoStrength300 00030 000Casualties and losses10 000 Several thousand Contents 1 Course of the Campaign 2 See also 3 References 4 BibliographyCourse of the Campaign editDrought food shortages and a major epidemic had weakened the Eyuwan Soviet going into 1932 1 From July to September 1932 Chiang Kai shek ordered 300 000 troops of the National Revolutionary Army to begin the fourth encirclement campaign 2 The Communists positioned their 25th Army to defend the east while the main force of the Fourth Red Army was located to the west Although it was able to inflict about the same amount of casualties on the nationalist forces as it suffered itself this loss rate was unsustainable against a superior force 3 National General Xia Douyin led a scorched earth campaign killing all men found in the Soviet areas burning all buildings and seizing or destroying all crops 4 Historians such as Marc Opper and Chen Yao huang argue that a major factor in the Fourth Red Army s defeat was its decision to adopt more conventional tactics The mass of the peasantry was unfriendly to Nationalists and so Nationalist armies had to rely on local elites to provide food a method that was unreliable and made them vulnerable to supply problems The Communists failed to capitalize on this logistical weakness when they decided not to fight a guerrilla war 5 However the Nationalist victory was incomplete because they had concluded the campaign too early in their jubilation The Fourth Red Army retreated to border region between Shaanxi and Sichuan leaving behind a small force to carry out guerilla warfare 2 Moreover the remnant local Communist force of the Eyuwan Soviet was able to rebuild a guerilla movement by taking advantage of the early Nationalist withdrawal They hid in the mountains and eked out a living by foraging and organizing poor peasants to seize grain kept by landlords and public granaries 6 Gao Jingting zh and Xu Haidong became the de facto leaders of the largest force left behind the 25th Red Army They were successful at preserving a Communist presence in the region for several more years 7 8 As a result the Nationalists had to launch a fifth encirclement campaign See also editChinese Civil War Outline of the Chinese Civil War National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Encirclement campaigns against the Eyuwan Soviet First encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet Second encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet Third encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet Fifth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan SovietReferences edit Rowe 2007 pp 316 319 a b Gao 2009 p 125 Saich 1996 p 516 Rowe 2007 p 317 Opper 2020 p 238 Benton 1992 p 319 Rowe 2007 p 318 Benton 1992 p 317 Bibliography editOpper Marc 2020 People s Wars in China Malaya and Vietnam Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press Rowe William T 2007 Crimson Rain Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County Stanford California Stanford University Press Benton Gregor 1992 Mountain Fires The Red Army s Three year War in South China 1934 1938 Los Angeles University of California Press Saich Tony ed 1996 The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party Documents and Analysis Armonk New York M E Sharpe Gao James Z 2009 Historical Dictionary of Modern China 1800 1949 Lanham Maryland The Scarecrow Press Military History Research Department Complete History of the People s Liberation Army Military Science Publishing House in Beijing 2000 ISBN 7 80137 315 4 not specific enough to verify dead link nbsp nbsp This article related to the history of China is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This article about a battle is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet amp oldid 1220077567, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
