Li and Tsuchida (2009) lists various fossilized reflexes of Proto-Austronesian infixes *-al-, *-aR-, and *-aN- in all major Formosan languages as well as Tagalog and Sundanese. These infixes are not productive in any modern Austronesian language. Their meanings remain elusive, although Li and Tsuchida suggest that *-aN- might mean 'having the sound or quality of', as evidenced in Paiwan and Puyuma. Reid (1994) hypothesizes the meaning of *-aR- to be 'distributive, plural'.
The following table is from Li and Tsuchida (2009:358).
Reflexes of Proto-Austronesian infixes
Language
*-al-
*-aR-
*-aN-
Thao
-ar-
–
-az-
Favorlang
-ar-
–
–
Kavalan
-ar-, -aR-
-al-, -ar-, -aR-
-an-
Basay
–
-al-, -ar-
-an-
Siraya
-ar-
–
-aL-
Amis
-al-
-al-
-alh-
Saisiyat
-aL-
-aL-
-al-
Pazih
-ar-
–
-al-
Bunun
-a-
-al-
-an-
Paiwan
-al-
-a-
-alj-
Puyuma
-aL-
-ar-
-al-
Tsou
-r-
-r-
–
Kanakanavu
-al-
-ar-
-an-
Saaroa
-al-
-ar-
-alh-
Atayal
-a-
-ag-
-al-
Rukai
-aL-
-ar-
-al-
Tagalog
-al-, -a'-
-ag-
-an-
Sundanese
–
-ar-
–
Bikol languageedit
Malcolm Mintz (1992) analyzed fossilized affixes from Marcos de Lisboa's Vocabulario de la lengua bicol, which was compiled between 1609 and 1613. The Marcos de Lisboa dictionary contains many archaic forms of Bikol no longer found in modern spoken Naga Bikol.
a-
aN-
ali(N)-, li-, ari(N)-
alu-, aru-
ati-
ba-, baN-, -al-
ba- + ali(N)-, balik-
hiN-
mu-, pu-, -um-
sa-, sa- + ali(N)-, saN-
taga-, tagu-
ta-, taN-
so-, no-
-imin-
*kali/qali word formsedit
According to Blust (2001, 2009), the fossilized morpheme *kali ~ *qali is used in various Austronesian languages to designate objects having a "sensitive connection with the spirit world."
Referencesedit
Blust, Robert A. 2001. "Historical morphology and the spirit world: *qali/kali-prefixes in Austronesian languages." In John Bradshaw and Kenneth L. Rehg (eds.) Issues in Austronesian Morphology. A festschrift for Byron W. Bender. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 15–73.
Blust, Robert A. 2009. The Austronesian Languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. ISBN0-85883-602-5, ISBN978-0-85883-602-0.
Li, Paul Jen-kuei and Shigeru Tsuchida. 2009. "Yet more Proto Austronesian infixes." Discovering history through language: papers in honour of Malcolm Ross, 345–362. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Mintz, Malcolm W. 1992. "The fossilised affixes of Bikol." Currents in Pacific linguistics: papers on Austronesian languages and ethnolinguistics in honour of George W. Grace, 265–291. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
External linksedit
Tagalog *kali/qali words
Affixes in Formosan languages
April 12, 2024
fossilized, affixes, austronesian, languages, fossilized, affixes, abound, austronesian, languages, contents, formosan, languages, bikol, language, kali, qali, word, forms, references, external, linksformosan, languages, editli, tsuchida, 2009, lists, various,. Fossilized affixes abound in Austronesian languages Contents 1 Formosan languages 2 Bikol language 3 kali qali word forms 4 References 5 External linksFormosan languages editLi and Tsuchida 2009 lists various fossilized reflexes of Proto Austronesian infixes al aR and aN in all major Formosan languages as well as Tagalog and Sundanese These infixes are not productive in any modern Austronesian language Their meanings remain elusive although Li and Tsuchida suggest that aN might mean having the sound or quality of as evidenced in Paiwan and Puyuma Reid 1994 hypothesizes the meaning of aR to be distributive plural The following table is from Li and Tsuchida 2009 358 Reflexes of Proto Austronesian infixes Language al aR aN Thao ar az Favorlang ar Kavalan ar aR al ar aR an Basay al ar an Siraya ar aL Amis al al alh Saisiyat aL aL al Pazih ar al Bunun a al an Paiwan al a alj Puyuma aL ar al Tsou r r Kanakanavu al ar an Saaroa al ar alh Atayal a ag al Rukai aL ar al Tagalog al a ag an Sundanese ar Bikol language editMalcolm Mintz 1992 analyzed fossilized affixes from Marcos de Lisboa s Vocabulario de la lengua bicol which was compiled between 1609 and 1613 The Marcos de Lisboa dictionary contains many archaic forms of Bikol no longer found in modern spoken Naga Bikol a aN ali N li ari N alu aru ati ba baN al ba ali N balik hiN mu pu um sa sa ali N saN taga tagu ta taN so no imin kali qali word forms editAccording to Blust 2001 2009 the fossilized morpheme kali qali is used in various Austronesian languages to designate objects having a sensitive connection with the spirit world References editBlust Robert A 2001 Historical morphology and the spirit world qali kali prefixes in Austronesian languages In John Bradshaw and Kenneth L Rehg eds Issues in Austronesian Morphology A festschrift for Byron W Bender Canberra Pacific Linguistics 15 73 Blust Robert A 2009 The Austronesian Languages Canberra Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University ISBN 0 85883 602 5 ISBN 978 0 85883 602 0 Li Paul Jen kuei and Shigeru Tsuchida 2009 Yet more Proto Austronesian infixes Discovering history through language papers in honour of Malcolm Ross 345 362 Canberra Pacific Linguistics Mintz Malcolm W 1992 The fossilised affixes of Bikol Currents in Pacific linguistics papers on Austronesian languages and ethnolinguistics in honour of George W Grace 265 291 Canberra Pacific Linguistics External links editTagalog kali qali words Affixes in Formosan languages Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fossilized affixes in Austronesian languages amp oldid 1190991307, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
