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Strategic Air Forces Command

April 10, 2024

The Strategic Air Forces (FAS) (French: Commandement des Forces Aériennes Stratégiques (CFAS)) is a command of the French Air and Space Force. It was created on January 14, 1964, and directs France's nuclear bombardment force.

Forces Aérienne Stratégiques (FAS)
Strategic Air Forces
Active14 January 1964 - present
BranchFrench Air and Space Force
TypeMajor command
RoleNuclear deterrence
Size~ 2000 personnel (2017)
Garrison/HQVélizy – Villacoublay Air Base

The headquarters was formerly at Taverny Air Base, but has now moved to Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base.[citation needed]

Général de corps aérien Patrick Charaix is the current commander.[1] This is the equivalent of a lieutenant-general's position. He took command in 2012, after a year as the deputy commander. He took over from General Paul Fouilland, in command from 2007-2012.[2]

History edit

 
Mirage IVP of Escadron de Bombardement 1/91 Gascogne.
 
Mirage 2000N.

Initially, the Force de Frappe consisted of only of the 92 Bombardment Wing (Escadre), established in 1955 and operating 40 Sud Aviation Vautour IIB bombers.[3] These were considered marginal for a strategic bomber role and work began almost immediately on a replacement. In May 1956 a requirement for what became the Dassault Mirage IV bomber was drawn up;[3] this bomber was designed to carry nuclear gravity bombs over targets in the Eastern bloc at supersonic speeds and was declared operational in October 1964.

In May 1964, Genéral Marie, FAS commander, was replaced by Général Philippe Maurin, former commander of the Tactical Air Forces (FATAC).[4] General Maurin later became French Air Force chief of staff in 1967.

The first alert by a Dassault Mirage IV armed with AN-11 bombs, and a Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker was executed on October 8, 1964: from that point, a permanent alert was maintained.[5] In addition, the French aircraft carrier Verdun was envisaged to have deployed bomber aircraft at sea.

In April 1965, an intermediate-range ballistic missile launch base, part of the Strategic Air Forces was established. It was set up on the plateau d'Albion, Air Base 200 Apt-Saint-Christol (French: base aérienne 200 Apt-Saint-Christol) and equipped with underground launch missile silos. It was operational from August 2, 1971, until dismantling on September 16, 1996.[5]

In the spring of 1966, the deterrent force reached the strength of nine squadrons. In 1973, this deterrence force comprised 60 Mirage IV spread out among nine bases in metropolitan France.

The Mirage IV-P version armed with the Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMP-A) missile entered service in 1986. From 1988, Mirage 2000N began to enter service. All bomber versions of the Mirage IV were retired by 1996.

Since the 1990s, Strategic Air Forces aircraft may also be tasked to carry out conventional air strikes as part of France's exterior military operations.

Structure edit

From 1963 - 2007, the Strategic Air Forces were headquartered at an underground command centre, which also welcomed the same year the Operations Center of the Strategic Air Forces (French: Centre d’Opérations des Forces Aériennes Stratégiques (COFAS)). The command post was built 50 meters under the ground, with a fallout shelter destined for the executive power in case of nuclear war; this command post was in full use in 1967.[6] In 1968, CFAS headquarters was located at Taverny Air Base (BA 921) under the Montmorency Forest.

In 1968, at the peak of the highest alert phases, 62 Mirage IV (out of which nine were on operational alert and capable of "being engaged in 5 minutes while the remainder would follow within the hour,[7] with the alert phase readiness increasing to 15 minutes, from 1964 until 1990 respectively) formed the nucleus of the 3 Escadres Bombardment (EB) ( the 91st Bombardment Escadre (French: 91e Escadre de Bombardement), 91e EB - the 93rd Bombardment Escadre (French: 93e Escadre de Bombardement), 93 e EB - , and the 94th Bombardment Escadre (French: 94e Escadre de Bombardement), 94e EB) representing several bombardments units out of which 1 training center:[8]

  • EB 1/91 « Gascogne » formed 1 October 1964 at Air Base 118 Mont-de-Marsan at Mont-de-Marsan
  • EB 2/94 « Marne » (French: Escadron de Bombardement 2/94 Marne) formed 24 February 1965 at Saint-Dizier Air Base
  • EB 2/91 « Bretagne » formed 1 April 1965,[9] at Cazaux Air Base (BA 120) at Cazaux.
  • EB 3/91 « Beauvaisis » (French: Escadron de Bombardement 3/91 Beauvaisis) formed 1 June 1965 at Creil Air Base (BA 110). Dissolved 30 June 1976.
  • EB 3/93 « Sambre » le 6 July 1965 at Cambrai Air Base at Cambrai. Dissolved 30 June 1976.
  • EB 2/93 « Cevennes » formed 31 July 1965 at BA 115 at Orange. Later redesignated « EB 3/91 Cévennes », the Escadron/Squadron was dissolved in 1983.[10]
  • EB 1/93 « Guyenne » le 15 October 1965 at Istres-Le Tube Air Base at Istres. Redesignated EB 1/94 on 30 June 1976 and transferred to Avord Air Base.
  • EB 1/94 « Bourbonnais » on 1 March 1966 at Avord Air Base at Avord. Dissolved on 30 June 1976
  • EB 3/94 « Arbois » (French: Escadron de bombardement 3/94 Arbois) on 1 June 1966[10] at Aerial Base 116 Luxeuil-Saint Sauveur (BA 116) at Luxeuil
  • Instruction Center of Strategic Air Forces 328 (French: Centre d'instruction des Forces aériennes stratégiques 328 (CIFAS)) created on 25 at Bordeaux-Mérignac Air Base

Jointly, can be added 12 Boeing C-135F aerial refuelling aircraft (of which 3 are on operational alert), dispersed into 3 Escadrons (ERV) :

  • ERV 4/91 « Landes » created on 1 January 1964 at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base (BA 118) at Mont-de-Marsan
  • ERV 4/93 « Aunis » created on 13 July 1965 on Aerial Base 125 Istres-Le Tubé at Istres. Later became ERV 4/94 « Bretagne »
  • ERV 4/94 « Sologne » created on 15 April 1966 at Avord Air Base (BA 702) at Avord.

In addition to the command, can be added Aerial Base Apt-Saint-Christol (BA 200). BA 200 was created in April 1967 under the Plateau d'Albion.

Independent from the Strategic Air Forces (French: Forces Aériennes Stratégiques, FAS), several installations were utilized by the latter:

  • The center of experimentation of the Pacific (CEP) in French Polynesia,[11] created on July 1, 1963, composed of:
    • one headquarter staff Papeete,
    • advanced Aerial Base 185 Hao (French: BA 185) at Hao created on July 1, 1966, and dissolved in 2000,
    • one testing surface area at Moruroa
    • one testing surface area at Fangataufa

In 1985, CFAS had two squadrons of S-3 IRBMs at the Plateau d'Albion, six squadrons of Mirage IVAs (at Mont de Marsan, Cazaux, Orange, Istres, St Dizier, and EB 3/94 at Luxeuil), and three squadrons of KC-135Fs, as well as the training/reconnaissance unit, CIFAS 328, at Bordeaux.[12]

On 16 July 1999, BA 200 on the Plateau d'Albion was transferred and renamed as Quartier Maréchal Kœnig, to house the 2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment (2e REG) and the bi-static space surveillance station GRAVES of the General Directorate for External Security.

FAS Headquarters was moved on 26 September 2007 from Taverny to Air Base 942 Lyon – Mont Verdun under Mount Verdun. Lyon - Mont Verdun was originally a secondary operations centre.[13]

In 2008, 60 Mirage 2000N of the Strategic Air Forces were stationed at two airbases.

 
Rafale B of the Escadron "Gascogne" & ASMPA.

In 2014, the Strategic Air Forces comprise two nuclear squadrons with more than 43 aircraft, numbering around 1400 personnel:[14]

The Mirage 2000N was planned to be retired from service in September 2018, with the La Fayette Squadron converting to Rafale B. Both fighter squadrons were to be stationed at Saint-Dizier – Robinson Air Base in order to improve training and logistics. Forward operating locations for dispersion of nuclear-armed Rafale flights will be retained at other air bases, in line with the French redundancy practice to prevent taking out the aerial nuclear arm with a single massive strike.[16]

The Groupe de Ravitaillement en Vol 02.091 Bretagne operating 14 Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers is also part of the FAS. These aircraft will be replaced by 12 Airbus A330 MRTT « Phénix » between 2018 and 2025.

Nuclear Arms Depots edit

See also: History of France's military nuclear program
 
A scale maquette of ASMPA.

Between 1986 and 1989, the numerous AN-22 bombs equipping the Dassault Mirage IV bombers were withdrawn and a new generation of airborne missile (ASMPA) arms were placed in service. These missiles are stocked in various designated special munitions depots (French: Dépôts Ateliers Munitions Spéciales DAMS), which are highly protected sites on different Aerial Bases.

As of 2010, the Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMPA) of new generation is destined for the Strategic Air Forces (FAS) of the French Air Force and the French Naval Nuclear Force (French: Force Aéronavale Nucléaire, FANU) of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The new equipment (French: Tête Nucléaire Aéroportée) (TNA) is of an estimated power mass of 300 kt.

As of end of 2008 and until 2012, depots were reorganized at the occasion of the arrival of the ASMPA missile to be re-baptized under another ASMPA depot vector (French: « Dépôts vecteurs ASMPA » (DVA)). The special munitions depot (French: Dépôts Ateliers Munitions Spéciales DAMS) change frequently. The DVA is confined to the squadron during the placement in effect, while the TNA are handled differently, in a specialized zone that is very well protected.

Notes edit

  1. ^ http://www.cfas.air.defense.gouv.fr/index.php/biographies/lieutenant-general-patrick-charaix, accessed July 2014.
  2. ^ "L'Adieu aux armes du commandant des forces aériennes stratégiques".
  3. ^ a b Gunston, Bill. Bombers of the West. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons; 1973. p105
  4. ^ Poilbout, Aurélien. "Quelle stratégie nucléaire pour la France?. L’armée de l’Air et le nucléaire tactique intégré à l’OTAN (1962-1966)." Revue historique des armées 262 (2011): 46-53.
  5. ^ a b [1], Historique - Chronologie Détaillée, Historique - Chronologie Détaillée, 2006, Forces aériennes stratégiques, March 1, 2008
  6. ^ [2], Taverny : Interview du lieutenant-colonel Marc Longobardi, Armée de l'air, July 26, 2011.
  7. ^ La mise en place et le développement de la première generation institut de stratégie (ISC), 2005, Philippe Vougny, général de corps aérien, Commandant les Forces Aériennes Stratégiques
  8. ^ Aerial Bombardment can include the designations of : Escadres Bombardment (French: Escadres de Bombardement, EB) units or refer to Escadrons Bombardment (French: Escadrons de Bombardement, EB) units ((EB) designation as well) including training Escadrons Bombardment. In the French language, there is even an Escadrilles Bombardment (French: Escadrilles de Bombardement). Accordingly an (EB) referring to a Bombardment unit can refer to any of a Escadre Bombardment (EB), Escadron Bombardment (EB) or Escadrille Bombardment (EB)
  9. ^ Dissolved in July 1996
  10. ^ a b Dissolved in 1983
  11. ^ Polynesia formerly garrisoned the 5th Foreign Infantry Regiment 5e REI.
  12. ^ Isby, David; Kamps, Charles (1985). Armies of NATO's Central Front. London: Jane's Publishing Company. pp. 168–170. ISBN 0-7106-0341-X.
  13. ^ [3], Situation géographique, Forces aériennes stratégiques, Armée de l'air, July 5, 2014.
  14. ^ Véronique GUILLEMARD, La France ne baisse pas la garde, LE FIGARO, 2015
  15. ^ [4], Le Rafale prendra l'alerte nucléaire dès le 1er juillet, Jean-Dominique Merchet, June 11, 2010, Libération
  16. ^ "La nécessaire modernisation de la dissuasion nucléaire". www.senat.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 April 2018.

Bibliography edit

  • Serge Gadal, Forces Aériennes Stratégiques, préface de Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, Economica, 2009 ISBN 978-2717857580
  • Robert Galan, Forces Aériennes Stratégiques : missions au cœur du secret défense, Privat, collection Aviation, 2014 ISBN 978-2708992559 ,Réalisé en collaboration avec l’Association Nationale des anciens des Forces Aériennes Stratégiques (ANFAS)
  • Hervé Beaumont, Les forces aériennes stratégiques 1964-2014, Histoire et Collections, collection Aviation, 2014 ISBN 978-2352503941
  • Frédéric Lert & Hervé Beaumont, Les Forces Aériennes Stratégiques : 50 ans d’alerte nucléaire, Zéphyr Éditions, collection Prestige, 2015 ISBN 978-2361181680

Further reading edit

  • Embassy of France in India, Strategic force projection of Rafales

April 10, 2024
strategic, forces, command, strategic, forces, french, commandement, forces, aériennes, stratégiques, cfas, command, french, space, force, created, january, 1964, directs, france, nuclear, bombardment, force, forces, aérienne, stratégiques, strategic, forcesac. The Strategic Air Forces FAS French Commandement des Forces Aeriennes Strategiques CFAS is a command of the French Air and Space Force It was created on January 14 1964 and directs France s nuclear bombardment force Forces Aerienne Strategiques FAS Strategic Air ForcesActive14 January 1964 presentBranchFrench Air and Space ForceTypeMajor commandRoleNuclear deterrenceSize 2000 personnel 2017 Garrison HQVelizy Villacoublay Air Base The headquarters was formerly at Taverny Air Base but has now moved to Velizy Villacoublay Air Base citation needed General de corps aerien Patrick Charaix is the current commander 1 This is the equivalent of a lieutenant general s position He took command in 2012 after a year as the deputy commander He took over from General Paul Fouilland in command from 2007 2012 2 Contents 1 History 2 Structure 2 1 Nuclear Arms Depots 3 Notes 4 Bibliography 4 1 Further readingHistory edit nbsp Mirage IVP of Escadron de Bombardement 1 91 Gascogne nbsp Mirage 2000N Initially the Force de Frappe consisted of only of the 92 Bombardment Wing Escadre established in 1955 and operating 40 Sud Aviation Vautour IIB bombers 3 These were considered marginal for a strategic bomber role and work began almost immediately on a replacement In May 1956 a requirement for what became the Dassault Mirage IV bomber was drawn up 3 this bomber was designed to carry nuclear gravity bombs over targets in the Eastern bloc at supersonic speeds and was declared operational in October 1964 In May 1964 General Marie FAS commander was replaced by General Philippe Maurin former commander of the Tactical Air Forces FATAC 4 General Maurin later became French Air Force chief of staff in 1967 The first alert by a Dassault Mirage IV armed with AN 11 bombs and a Boeing KC 135 Stratotanker was executed on October 8 1964 from that point a permanent alert was maintained 5 In addition the French aircraft carrier Verdun was envisaged to have deployed bomber aircraft at sea In April 1965 an intermediate range ballistic missile launch base part of the Strategic Air Forces was established It was set up on the plateau d Albion Air Base 200 Apt Saint Christol French base aerienne 200 Apt Saint Christol and equipped with underground launch missile silos It was operational from August 2 1971 until dismantling on September 16 1996 5 In the spring of 1966 the deterrent force reached the strength of nine squadrons In 1973 this deterrence force comprised 60 Mirage IV spread out among nine bases in metropolitan France The Mirage IV P version armed with the Air Sol Moyenne Portee ASMP A missile entered service in 1986 From 1988 Mirage 2000N began to enter service All bomber versions of the Mirage IV were retired by 1996 Since the 1990s Strategic Air Forces aircraft may also be tasked to carry out conventional air strikes as part of France s exterior military operations Structure editFrom 1963 2007 the Strategic Air Forces were headquartered at an underground command centre which also welcomed the same year the Operations Center of the Strategic Air Forces French Centre d Operations des Forces Aeriennes Strategiques COFAS The command post was built 50 meters under the ground with a fallout shelter destined for the executive power in case of nuclear war this command post was in full use in 1967 6 In 1968 CFAS headquarters was located at Taverny Air Base BA 921 under the Montmorency Forest In 1968 at the peak of the highest alert phases 62 Mirage IV out of which nine were on operational alert and capable of being engaged in 5 minutes while the remainder would follow within the hour 7 with the alert phase readiness increasing to 15 minutes from 1964 until 1990 respectively formed the nucleus of the 3 Escadres Bombardment EB the 91st Bombardment Escadre French 91e Escadre de Bombardement 91e EB the 93rd Bombardment Escadre French 93e Escadre de Bombardement 93 e EB and the 94th Bombardment Escadre French 94e Escadre de Bombardement 94e EB representing several bombardments units out of which 1 training center 8 EB 1 91 Gascogne formed 1 October 1964 at Air Base 118 Mont de Marsan at Mont de Marsan EB 2 94 Marne French Escadron de Bombardement 2 94 Marne formed 24 February 1965 at Saint Dizier Air Base EB 2 91 Bretagne formed 1 April 1965 9 at Cazaux Air Base BA 120 at Cazaux EB 3 91 Beauvaisis French Escadron de Bombardement 3 91 Beauvaisis formed 1 June 1965 at Creil Air Base BA 110 Dissolved 30 June 1976 EB 3 93 Sambre le 6 July 1965 at Cambrai Air Base at Cambrai Dissolved 30 June 1976 EB 2 93 Cevennes formed 31 July 1965 at BA 115 at Orange Later redesignated EB 3 91 Cevennes the Escadron Squadron was dissolved in 1983 10 EB 1 93 Guyenne le 15 October 1965 at Istres Le Tube Air Base at Istres Redesignated EB 1 94 on 30 June 1976 and transferred to Avord Air Base EB 1 94 Bourbonnais on 1 March 1966 at Avord Air Base at Avord Dissolved on 30 June 1976 EB 3 94 Arbois French Escadron de bombardement 3 94 Arbois on 1 June 1966 10 at Aerial Base 116 Luxeuil Saint Sauveur BA 116 at Luxeuil Instruction Center of Strategic Air Forces 328 French Centre d instruction des Forces aeriennes strategiques 328 CIFAS created on 25 at Bordeaux Merignac Air BaseJointly can be added 12 Boeing C 135F aerial refuelling aircraft of which 3 are on operational alert dispersed into 3 Escadrons ERV ERV 4 91 Landes created on 1 January 1964 at Mont de Marsan Air Base BA 118 at Mont de Marsan ERV 4 93 Aunis created on 13 July 1965 on Aerial Base 125 Istres Le Tube at Istres Later became ERV 4 94 Bretagne ERV 4 94 Sologne created on 15 April 1966 at Avord Air Base BA 702 at Avord In addition to the command can be added Aerial Base Apt Saint Christol BA 200 BA 200 was created in April 1967 under the Plateau d Albion Independent from the Strategic Air Forces French Forces Aeriennes Strategiques FAS several installations were utilized by the latter The center of experimentation of the Pacific CEP in French Polynesia 11 created on July 1 1963 composed of one headquarter staff Papeete advanced Aerial Base 185 Hao French BA 185 at Hao created on July 1 1966 and dissolved in 2000 one testing surface area at Moruroa one testing surface area at FangataufaIn 1985 CFAS had two squadrons of S 3 IRBMs at the Plateau d Albion six squadrons of Mirage IVAs at Mont de Marsan Cazaux Orange Istres St Dizier and EB 3 94 at Luxeuil and three squadrons of KC 135Fs as well as the training reconnaissance unit CIFAS 328 at Bordeaux 12 On 16 July 1999 BA 200 on the Plateau d Albion was transferred and renamed as Quartier Marechal Kœnig to house the 2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment 2e REG and the bi static space surveillance station GRAVES of the General Directorate for External Security FAS Headquarters was moved on 26 September 2007 from Taverny to Air Base 942 Lyon Mont Verdun under Mount Verdun Lyon Mont Verdun was originally a secondary operations centre 13 In 2008 60 Mirage 2000N of the Strategic Air Forces were stationed at two airbases nbsp Rafale B of the Escadron Gascogne amp ASMPA In 2014 the Strategic Air Forces comprise two nuclear squadrons with more than 43 aircraft numbering around 1400 personnel 14 Escadron de Chasse 1 4 Gascogne French Escadron de Chasse 1 4 Gascogne at Saint Dizier Robinson Air Base armed with more than 20 Rafale B aircraft 15 Escadron de Chasse 2 4 La Fayette French Escadron de Chasse 2 4 La Fayette at Istres Le Tube Air Base armed with more than 20 Mirage 2000N aircraft The Mirage 2000N was planned to be retired from service in September 2018 with the La Fayette Squadron converting to Rafale B Both fighter squadrons were to be stationed at Saint Dizier Robinson Air Base in order to improve training and logistics Forward operating locations for dispersion of nuclear armed Rafale flights will be retained at other air bases in line with the French redundancy practice to prevent taking out the aerial nuclear arm with a single massive strike 16 The Groupe de Ravitaillement en Vol 02 091 Bretagne operating 14 Boeing KC 135 Stratotankers is also part of the FAS These aircraft will be replaced by 12 Airbus A330 MRTT Phenix between 2018 and 2025 Nuclear Arms Depots edit See also History of France s military nuclear program nbsp A scale maquette of ASMPA Between 1986 and 1989 the numerous AN 22 bombs equipping the Dassault Mirage IV bombers were withdrawn and a new generation of airborne missile ASMPA arms were placed in service These missiles are stocked in various designated special munitions depots French Depots Ateliers Munitions Speciales DAMS which are highly protected sites on different Aerial Bases As of 2010 the Air Sol Moyenne Portee ASMPA of new generation is destined for the Strategic Air Forces FAS of the French Air Force and the French Naval Nuclear Force French Force Aeronavale Nucleaire FANU of the French Navy Marine Nationale The new equipment French Tete Nucleaire Aeroportee TNA is of an estimated power mass of 300 kt As of end of 2008 and until 2012 depots were reorganized at the occasion of the arrival of the ASMPA missile to be re baptized under another ASMPA depot vector French Depots vecteurs ASMPA DVA The special munitions depot French Depots Ateliers Munitions Speciales DAMS change frequently The DVA is confined to the squadron during the placement in effect while the TNA are handled differently in a specialized zone that is very well protected Notes edit http www cfas air defense gouv fr index php biographies lieutenant general patrick charaix accessed July 2014 L Adieu aux armes du commandant des forces aeriennes strategiques a b Gunston Bill Bombers of the West New York Charles Scribner s and Sons 1973 p105 Poilbout Aurelien Quelle strategie nucleaire pour la France L armee de l Air et le nucleaire tactique integre a l OTAN 1962 1966 Revue historique des armees 262 2011 46 53 a b 1 Historique Chronologie Detaillee Historique Chronologie Detaillee 2006 Forces aeriennes strategiques March 1 2008 2 Taverny Interview du lieutenant colonel Marc Longobardi Armee de l air July 26 2011 La mise en place et le developpement de la premiere generation institut de strategie ISC 2005 Philippe Vougny general de corps aerien Commandant les Forces Aeriennes Strategiques Aerial Bombardment can include the designations of Escadres Bombardment French Escadres de Bombardement EB units or refer to Escadrons Bombardment French Escadrons de Bombardement EB units EB designation as well including training Escadrons Bombardment In the French language there is even an Escadrilles Bombardment French Escadrilles de Bombardement Accordingly an EB referring to a Bombardment unit can refer to any of a Escadre Bombardment EB Escadron Bombardment EB or Escadrille Bombardment EB Dissolved in July 1996 a b Dissolved in 1983 Polynesia formerly garrisoned the 5th Foreign Infantry Regiment 5e REI Isby David Kamps Charles 1985 Armies of NATO s Central Front London Jane s Publishing Company pp 168 170 ISBN 0 7106 0341 X 3 Situation geographique Forces aeriennes strategiques Armee de l air July 5 2014 Veronique GUILLEMARD La France ne baisse pas la garde LE FIGARO 2015 4 Le Rafale prendra l alerte nucleaire des le 1er juillet Jean Dominique Merchet June 11 2010 Liberation La necessaire modernisation de la dissuasion nucleaire www senat fr in French Retrieved 18 April 2018 Bibliography editSerge Gadal Forces Aeriennes Strategiques preface de Nicolas Sarkozy President of France Economica 2009 ISBN 978 2717857580 Robert Galan Forces Aeriennes Strategiques missions au cœur du secret defense Privat collection Aviation 2014 ISBN 978 2708992559 Realise en collaboration avec l Association Nationale des anciens des Forces Aeriennes Strategiques ANFAS Herve Beaumont Les forces aeriennes strategiques 1964 2014 Histoire et Collections collection Aviation 2014 ISBN 978 2352503941 Frederic Lert amp Herve Beaumont Les Forces Aeriennes Strategiques 50 ans d alerte nucleaire Zephyr Editions collection Prestige 2015 ISBN 978 2361181680Further reading edit Embassy of France in India Strategic force projection of Rafales Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Strategic Air Forces Command amp oldid 1186099893, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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