According to the Sumerian King List, the final ruler of the First Dynasty of UrukLugal-kitun was overthrown by Mesannepada of Ur. There were then four kings in the First Dynasty of Ur: Mesannepada, Mes-kiagnuna, Elulu, and Balulu.[3] Two other kings earlier than Mes-Anepada are known from other sources, namely Mes-kalam-du and A-Kalam-du.[3] It would seem that Mes-Anepada was the son of Mes-kalam-du, according to the inscription found on a bead in Mari, and Mes-kalam-du was the founder of the dynasty.[3] A probable Queen Puabi is also known from her lavish tomb at the Royal Cemetery at Ur. The First Dynasty of Ur had extensive influence over the area of Sumer, and apparently led a union of south Mesopotamian polities.[3][4]
The artifacts found in the royal tombs of the dynasty show that foreign trade was particularly active during this period, with many materials coming from foreign lands, such as Carnelian likely coming from the Indus or Iran, Lapis Lazuli from the Badakhshan area of Afghanistan, silver from Turkey, copper from Oman, and gold from several locations such as Egypt, Nubia, Turkey or Iran.[9] Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in Ur tombs dating to 2600-2450, in an example of Indus-Mesopotamia relations.[10] In particular, carnelian beads with an etched design in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley, and made according to a technique developed by the Harappans.[8] These materials were used into the manufacture of beautiful objects in the workshops of Ur.[9]
The Ur I dynasty had enormous wealth as shown by the lavishness of its tombs. This was probably due to the fact that Ur acted as the main harbour for trade with India, which put her in a strategic position to import and trade vast quantities of gold, carnelian or lapis lazuli.[4] In comparison, the burials of the kings of Kish were much less lavish.[4] High-prowed Sumerian ships may have traveled as far as Meluhha, thought to be the Indus region, for trade.[4]
Demise
King at peace, with attendants, from the Standard of Ur.King at war, with soldiers, from the Standard of Ur.Funeral procession at the Royal Cemetery of Ur (items and positions in PG 789), circa 2600 BCE (reconstitution).
According to the Sumerian King List, the First Dynasty of Ur was finally defeated, and power went to the ElamiteAwan dynasty.[11] The Sumerian king Eannatum (c.2500–2400 BCE) of Lagash, then came to dominate the whole region, and established one of the first verifiable empires in history.[12]
"... Uruk with weapons was struck down, the kingship to Ur was carried off. In Ur Mesannepada was king, 80 years he ruled; Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna, son of Mesannepada, was king, 36 years he ruled; Elulu, 25 years he ruled; Balulu, 36 years he ruled; 4 kings, the years: 171(?) they ruled. Ur with weapons was struck down; the kingship to Awan was carried off.
The Royal Cemetery of Ur held the tombs of several rulers of the First Dynasty of Ur.[3] The tombs are particularly lavish, and testify to the wealth of the First Dynasty of Ur.[4] One of the most famous tombs is that of Queen Puabi.[4]
A gold dagger and a dagger with a gold-plated handle, Ur excavations (1900).
Reconstructed Sumerian headgear necklaces found in the tomb of Puabi, housed at the British Museum
Queen's Lyre, one of the Lyres of Ur, Ur Royal Cemetery.
Cylinder seal of Queen Puabi, found in her tomb. Inscription 𒅤𒀀𒉿 𒊩𒌆Pu-A-Bi-Nin "Queen Puabi".[16][17][18] The last word "𒊩𒌆" can either be pronounced Nin “lady”, or Eresh “queen”.[19]
^The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. 1970. p. 228. ISBN9780521070515.
^Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East. Infobase Publishing. 2009. p. 664. ISBN9781438126760.
^ abcdeFrayne, Douglas (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). University of Toronto Press. pp. 901–902. ISBN9781442690479.
^ abcdefDiakonoff, I. M. (2013). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN9780226144672.
^"The Sumerians, a non-Semitic people who perhaps came from the east" in Curtis, Adrian (2009). Oxford Bible Atlas. Oxford University Press. p. 16. ISBN9780191623325.. Mention of Gen 11:2 "And as people migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there." (English Standard Version)
^Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1979). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 392. ISBN9780802837813.
^Leick, Gwendolyn (2003), "Mesopotamia, the Invention of the City" (Penguin)
^ abBritish Museum notice: "Gold and carnelians beads. The two beads etched with patterns in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley. They were made by a technique developed by the Harappan civilization" Photograph of the necklace in question
^McIntosh, Jane (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. pp. 182–190. ISBN9781576079072.
^"Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan." in Kriwaczek, Paul (2014). Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. Atlantic Books. p. 136. ISBN9781782395676.
^ abIncorporated, Facts On File (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East. Infobase Publishing. p. 664. ISBN9781438126760.
^Knapp, Arthur Bernard (1988). The history and culture of ancient Western Asia and Egypt. Wadsworth. p. 92. ISBN9780534106454.
^Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and; Hansen, Donald P.; Pittman, Holly (1998). Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. p. 78. ISBN9780924171550.
^James, Sharon L.; Dillon, Sheila (2015). A Companion to Women in the Ancient World. John Wiley & Sons. p. 13. ISBN9781119025542.
August 21, 2023
first, dynasty, 26th, 25th, century, dynasty, rulers, city, ancient, sumer, part, early, dynastic, period, history, mesopotamia, preceded, earlier, first, dynasty, kish, 26th, 25th, century, golden, helmet, meskalamdug, possible, founder, circa, 2500, urclass,. The First Dynasty of Ur was a 26th 25th century BCE dynasty of rulers of the city of Ur in ancient Sumer 1 It is part of the Early Dynastic period III of the history of Mesopotamia It was preceded by the earlier First Dynasty of Kish and the First Dynasty of Uruk 2 First Dynasty of Ur 26th 25th century BCE Golden helmet of Meskalamdug possible founder of the First Dynasty of Ur circa 2500 BCE Urclass notpageimage Location of Ur in Western Asia modern Iraq Show map of West and Central AsiaUrUr Iraq Show map of Iraq Gold objects from tomb PG 580 Royal Cemetery at Ur Contents 1 Rule 1 1 Ethnicity and language 1 2 International trade 1 3 Demise 2 List of rulers 2 1 Sumerian King List 3 Artifacts 4 See also 5 ReferencesRule EditAccording to the Sumerian King List the final ruler of the First Dynasty of Uruk Lugal kitun was overthrown by Mesannepada of Ur There were then four kings in the First Dynasty of Ur Mesannepada Mes kiagnuna Elulu and Balulu 3 Two other kings earlier than Mes Anepada are known from other sources namely Mes kalam du and A Kalam du 3 It would seem that Mes Anepada was the son of Mes kalam du according to the inscription found on a bead in Mari and Mes kalam du was the founder of the dynasty 3 A probable Queen Puabi is also known from her lavish tomb at the Royal Cemetery at Ur The First Dynasty of Ur had extensive influence over the area of Sumer and apparently led a union of south Mesopotamian polities 3 4 Ethnicity and language Edit Like other Sumerians the people of Ur were a non Semitic people who may have come from the east circa 3300 BCE and spoke a language isolate 5 6 Sumer was conquered by the Semitic speaking kings of the Akkadian Empire around 2270 BC short chronology but Sumerian continued as a sacred language Native Sumerian rule re emerged for about a century in the Third Dynasty of Ur at approximately 2100 2000 BC but the Akkadian language also remained in use 7 International trade Edit Main articles Indus Mesopotamia relations and Egypt Mesopotamia relations The etched carnelian beads in this necklace from the Royal Cemetery dating to the First Dynasty of Ur were probably imported from the Indus Valley British Museum 8 The artifacts found in the royal tombs of the dynasty show that foreign trade was particularly active during this period with many materials coming from foreign lands such as Carnelian likely coming from the Indus or Iran Lapis Lazuli from the Badakhshan area of Afghanistan silver from Turkey copper from Oman and gold from several locations such as Egypt Nubia Turkey or Iran 9 Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in Ur tombs dating to 2600 2450 in an example of Indus Mesopotamia relations 10 In particular carnelian beads with an etched design in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley and made according to a technique developed by the Harappans 8 These materials were used into the manufacture of beautiful objects in the workshops of Ur 9 Lapis lazuli was likely imported from the Badakhshan area of Afghanistan 9 The Ur I dynasty had enormous wealth as shown by the lavishness of its tombs This was probably due to the fact that Ur acted as the main harbour for trade with India which put her in a strategic position to import and trade vast quantities of gold carnelian or lapis lazuli 4 In comparison the burials of the kings of Kish were much less lavish 4 High prowed Sumerian ships may have traveled as far as Meluhha thought to be the Indus region for trade 4 Demise Edit King at peace with attendants from the Standard of Ur King at war with soldiers from the Standard of Ur Funeral procession at the Royal Cemetery of Ur items and positions in PG 789 circa 2600 BCE reconstitution According to the Sumerian King List the First Dynasty of Ur was finally defeated and power went to the Elamite Awan dynasty 11 The Sumerian king Eannatum c 2500 2400 BCE of Lagash then came to dominate the whole region and established one of the first verifiable empires in history 12 The power of Ur would only revive a few centuries later with the Third Dynasty of Ur 12 13 List of rulers EditRuler Image Epithet Length of reign Approx dates Mentions A Imdugud c 26th century BC Tomb inscriptions at the Royal Cemetery at Ur Ur Pabilsag c 26th century BC Tomb inscriptions at the Royal Cemetery at Ur Meskalamdug Queen Puabi c 26th century BC Dynastic beads tomb inscriptions at the Royal Cemetery at Ur Akalamdug c 26th century BC Dynastic beads tomb inscriptions at the Royal Cemetery at UrMesannepada 80 years c 26th century BC Sumerian King List Tummal ChronicleA annepada son of Mesh Ane pada c 26th century BC Dedication tablets with inscriptionsMesh ki ang Nanna Sumerian King List son of Mesh Ane pada 36 years Sumerian King List Tummal ChronicleElulu 25 years Sumerian King ListBalulu 36 years Sumerian King List Then Urim Ur was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan Sumerian King List Edit Only the final kings of the First Dynasty of Ur from Mesannepada to Balulu and possibly 4 unnamed kings are mentioned in the Sumerian King List 14 Uruk with weapons was struck down the kingship to Ur was carried off In Ur Mesannepada was king 80 years he ruled Mesh ki ang Nanna son of Mesannepada was king 36 years he ruled Elulu 25 years he ruled Balulu 36 years he ruled 4 kings the years 171 they ruled Ur with weapons was struck down the kingship to Awan was carried off Sumerian King List 137 147 15 Artifacts EditMain article Royal Cemetery of Ur The Royal Cemetery of Ur held the tombs of several rulers of the First Dynasty of Ur 3 The tombs are particularly lavish and testify to the wealth of the First Dynasty of Ur 4 One of the most famous tombs is that of Queen Puabi 4 A gold dagger and a dagger with a gold plated handle Ur excavations 1900 Reconstructed Sumerian headgear necklaces found in the tomb of Puabi housed at the British Museum Queen s Lyre one of the Lyres of Ur Ur Royal Cemetery Cylinder seal of Queen Puabi found in her tomb Inscription 𒅤𒀀𒉿 𒊩𒌆Pu A Bi Nin Queen Puabi 16 17 18 The last word 𒊩𒌆 can either be pronounced Nin lady or Eresh queen 19 The Standard of Ur Ram in a Thicket Lyre of a Bull s Head from Queen Puabi s tomb British Museum Nacre plate with anthropomorphic animals circa 2600 BCESee also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to First Dynasty of Ur Sumerian King List History of Sumer Third Dynasty of UrReferences Edit The Cambridge Ancient History Cambridge University Press 1970 p 228 ISBN 9780521070515 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East Infobase Publishing 2009 p 664 ISBN 9781438126760 a b c d e Frayne Douglas 2008 Pre Sargonic Period Early Periods Volume 1 2700 2350 BC University of Toronto Press pp 901 902 ISBN 9781442690479 a b c d e f Diakonoff I M 2013 Early Antiquity University of Chicago Press pp 78 79 ISBN 9780226144672 The Sumerians a non Semitic people who perhaps came from the east in Curtis Adrian 2009 Oxford Bible Atlas Oxford University Press p 16 ISBN 9780191623325 Mention of Gen 11 2 And as people migrated from the east they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there English Standard Version Bromiley Geoffrey W 1979 The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Wm B Eerdmans Publishing p 392 ISBN 9780802837813 Leick Gwendolyn 2003 Mesopotamia the Invention of the City Penguin a b British Museum notice Gold and carnelians beads The two beads etched with patterns in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley They were made by a technique developed by the Harappan civilization Photograph of the necklace in question a b c British Museum notice Grave goods from Ur McIntosh Jane 2008 The Ancient Indus Valley New Perspectives ABC CLIO pp 182 190 ISBN 9781576079072 Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan in Kriwaczek Paul 2014 Babylon Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization Atlantic Books p 136 ISBN 9781782395676 a b Incorporated Facts On File 2009 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East Infobase Publishing p 664 ISBN 9781438126760 Knapp Arthur Bernard 1988 The history and culture of ancient Western Asia and Egypt Wadsworth p 92 ISBN 9780534106454 CDLI Found Texts cdli ucla edu CDLI Found Texts cdli ucla edu British Museum notice WA 121544 Crawford Harriet 2013 The Sumerian World Routledge p 622 ISBN 9781136219115 Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Hansen Donald P Pittman Holly 1998 Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur UPenn Museum of Archaeology p 78 ISBN 9780924171550 James Sharon L Dillon Sheila 2015 A Companion to Women in the Ancient World John Wiley amp Sons p 13 ISBN 9781119025542 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title First Dynasty of Ur amp oldid 1142265897, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
