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Finding in the Temple

The Finding in the Temple, also called Christ among the Doctors or the Disputation (the usual names in art), is an episode in the early life of Jesus depicted in chapter 2 of the Gospel of Luke. It is the only event of the later childhood of Jesus mentioned in a canonical gospel.[1]

Christ among the Doctors, c. 1560, by Paolo Veronese

Gospel account Edit

The episode is described in Luke 2:41–52. Jesus, at the age of twelve, accompanies Mary and Joseph, and a large group of their relatives and friends to Jerusalem on pilgrimage, "according to the custom" – that is, Passover. On the day of their return, Jesus "lingered", staying in the Temple, but Mary and Joseph thought that he was among their group when he was not. Mary and Joseph headed back home and after a day of travel realised Jesus was missing, so they returned to Jerusalem, finding Jesus three days later.[2] He was found in the Temple in discussion with the elders, "listening to them and asking them questions".[3] They were amazed at his learning, especially given his young age. When admonished by Mary, Jesus replied: "How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?"[4]

The story was slightly elaborated in later literature, such as the apocryphal 2nd-century Infancy Gospel of Thomas (19:1–12). The losing of Jesus is the third of the Seven Sorrows of Mary, and the Finding in the Temple is the fifth Joyful Mystery of the Rosary.[1]

Commentary Edit

Friedrich Justus Knecht comments on the loss of Jesus by his parents:

Mary lost Jesus through no fault of her own; but with what sorrow she sought Him, with what joy she found Him! We lose Jesus through our own fault when we separate ourselves from Him by mortal sin. This is the greatest of all misfortunes, for he who has lost Jesus, has lost all, and can never be happy without Him. He to whom this misfortune has happened must seek Jesus with sorrow and tears of penance, and he will find Him again in the Temple (His Church), if he will reconcile himself to God by a good and contrite confession.[5]

Cornelius a Lapide gives three reasons why Jesus is found asking the teachers questions:

(1.) Because it was fitting that the child should ask questions of these learned men, and not teach them.
(2.) To teach the young modesty, and the desire to hear, to question, and to learn, "Lest", says Bede, "if they will not be disciples of the truth, they become masters of error."
(3.) That, asking them questions, He might be questioned in turn by them, and might teach them by His replies.[6]

William Robertson Nicoll measures the three days (verse 46) from the time when Mary and Joseph had last seen Jesus, not from their re-arrival in Jerusalem, as "the place where they had lodged and the temple would be among the first places visited in the search". Nicoll also notes that some writers suggest the place was a synagogue adjacent to the temple.[7] F. W. Farrar also observes that "one of the numerous chambers which ran round the Court, and abutted on the actual building" might have been the location.[8]

The Sunday School Teacher of 1881 suggests that a valuable lesson may be learned in reflecting on "how, at the bidding of His parents, [Jesus] immediately accompanied them home, setting in His obedience a lovely example to all children".[9]

Pope John Paul II refers to the story as "joy mixed with drama". Jesus "appears in his divine wisdom as he listens and raises questions, already in effect one who "teaches". The revelation of his mystery as the Son wholly dedicated to his Father's affairs proclaims the radical nature of the Gospel, in which even the closest of human relationships are challenged by the absolute demands of the Kingdom".[10]

In art Edit

 
William Holman Hunt, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple

This event is frequently shown in art, and was a common component in cycles of the Life of the Virgin as well as the Life of Christ. In early Christian depictions, Jesus is usually shown in the center, seated on a raised dais surrounded by the elders, who are often on stepped benches. The gesture usually made by Jesus, pointing to his upraised thumb (illustration), may be a conventional rhetorical gesture expressing the act of expounding text. These depictions derive from classical compositions of professors of philosophy or rhetoric with their students, and are similar to medieval depictions of contemporary university lectures.

This composition can appear until as late as Ingres (Montauban, Musée Ingres [1]) and beyond. From the Early Medieval period the moment shown is usually assimilated to the finding itself, by the inclusion of, initially, Mary, and later Joseph as well, usually at the left of the scene. Typically, Jesus and the doctors, intent on their discussions, have not noticed them yet. From the 12th century Jesus is often seated in a large throne-like chair, sometimes holding a book or scroll.

In late medieval depictions, the Doctors, often now carrying or consulting large volumes, may be given specifically Jewish features or dress, and are sometimes overtly anti-Semitic caricatures, like some of the figures in Albrecht Dürer's version in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid. From the High Renaissance onward, many painters showed a "close-up" of the scene, with Jesus closely surrounded by gesticulating scholars, as in Dürer's version of the subject.

Rembrandt, who enjoyed depicting Jewish elders in the Temple in various subjects, made three etchings of the subject (Bartsch 64–66) as well as one of the much more unusual scene of "Christ returning from the Temple with his parents".[11] The Pre-Raphaelite painter William Holman Hunt painted a version called The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, now at Birmingham, as one of a number of subjects from Jesus's life, for which he travelled to the Holy Land to study local details.

The subject has attracted few artists since the 19th century, and one of the last notable depictions may be the one painted, as a forgery of a Vermeer, by Han van Meegeren in front of the Dutch police, in order to demonstrate that the paintings he had sold to Hermann Göring were also fake.

Gallery Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b "Fifth Joyful Mystery: The finding of Jesus in the temple", Vatican.va
  2. ^ The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament edition by John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck 1983 ISBN 0-88207-812-7 p. 210
  3. ^ Luke 2:46: English Standard Version
  4. ^ Other translations render Jesus' words "Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?" and "I must be about my Father's work." See "USCCB – NAB – Luke 2". Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  5. ^ Friedrich Justus Knecht (1910). "X. Jesus at the Age of Twelve Years goes to the Temple" . A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture. B. Herder.
  6. ^ Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide; Thomas Wimberly Mossman The great commentary of Cornelius à Lapide, London: J. Hodges, 1889-1896.
  7. ^ Nicoll, William R., Expositor's Greek Testament on Luke 2, accessed 22 August 2023
  8. ^ Farrar, F. W. (1891), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Luke 2, accessed 22 August 2023
  9. ^ Sunday School Teacher, The Boyhood of Jesus, Vol. 7, page 74, London: Sunday School Union, accessed 22 August 2023
  10. ^ John Paul II, Rosarium Virginis Mariae, section 20, published 16 October 2002, accessed 6 May 2023
  11. ^ van Rijn, Rembrandt (1654). "Christ Returning from the Temple with His Parents". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2023-02-08.

General sources Edit

  • G. Schiller, Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I, 1971 (English translation from German), Lund Humphries, London, pp. 124–5 & figs, ISBN 0-85331-270-2
  • Friedrich Justus Knecht (1910). "Jesus at the Age of Twelve Years goes to the Temple" . A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture. B. Herder.

External links Edit

  •   Media related to Jesus Christ among the doctors at Wikimedia Commons
Finding in the Temple
Preceded by New Testament
Events
Succeeded by
Pilate made Prefect of Judea,
further succeeded by

Baptism of Jesus

finding, temple, also, called, christ, among, doctors, disputation, usual, names, episode, early, life, jesus, depicted, chapter, gospel, luke, only, event, later, childhood, jesus, mentioned, canonical, gospel, christ, among, doctors, 1560, paolo, veronese, c. The Finding in the Temple also called Christ among the Doctors or the Disputation the usual names in art is an episode in the early life of Jesus depicted in chapter 2 of the Gospel of Luke It is the only event of the later childhood of Jesus mentioned in a canonical gospel 1 Christ among the Doctors c 1560 by Paolo Veronese Contents 1 Gospel account 2 Commentary 3 In art 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 General sources 8 External linksGospel account EditThe episode is described in Luke 2 41 52 Jesus at the age of twelve accompanies Mary and Joseph and a large group of their relatives and friends to Jerusalem on pilgrimage according to the custom that is Passover On the day of their return Jesus lingered staying in the Temple but Mary and Joseph thought that he was among their group when he was not Mary and Joseph headed back home and after a day of travel realised Jesus was missing so they returned to Jerusalem finding Jesus three days later 2 He was found in the Temple in discussion with the elders listening to them and asking them questions 3 They were amazed at his learning especially given his young age When admonished by Mary Jesus replied How is it that you sought me Did you not know that I must be in my Father s house 4 The story was slightly elaborated in later literature such as the apocryphal 2nd century Infancy Gospel of Thomas 19 1 12 The losing of Jesus is the third of the Seven Sorrows of Mary and the Finding in the Temple is the fifth Joyful Mystery of the Rosary 1 Commentary EditFriedrich Justus Knecht comments on the loss of Jesus by his parents Mary lost Jesus through no fault of her own but with what sorrow she sought Him with what joy she found Him We lose Jesus through our own fault when we separate ourselves from Him by mortal sin This is the greatest of all misfortunes for he who has lost Jesus has lost all and can never be happy without Him He to whom this misfortune has happened must seek Jesus with sorrow and tears of penance and he will find Him again in the Temple His Church if he will reconcile himself to God by a good and contrite confession 5 Cornelius a Lapide gives three reasons why Jesus is found asking the teachers questions 1 Because it was fitting that the child should ask questions of these learned men and not teach them 2 To teach the young modesty and the desire to hear to question and to learn Lest says Bede if they will not be disciples of the truth they become masters of error 3 That asking them questions He might be questioned in turn by them and might teach them by His replies 6 William Robertson Nicoll measures the three days verse 46 from the time when Mary and Joseph had last seen Jesus not from their re arrival in Jerusalem as the place where they had lodged and the temple would be among the first places visited in the search Nicoll also notes that some writers suggest the place was a synagogue adjacent to the temple 7 F W Farrar also observes that one of the numerous chambers which ran round the Court and abutted on the actual building might have been the location 8 The Sunday School Teacher of 1881 suggests that a valuable lesson may be learned in reflecting on how at the bidding of His parents Jesus immediately accompanied them home setting in His obedience a lovely example to all children 9 Pope John Paul II refers to the story as joy mixed with drama Jesus appears in his divine wisdom as he listens and raises questions already in effect one who teaches The revelation of his mystery as the Son wholly dedicated to his Father s affairs proclaims the radical nature of the Gospel in which even the closest of human relationships are challenged by the absolute demands of the Kingdom 10 In art Edit nbsp William Holman Hunt The Finding of the Saviour in the TempleThis event is frequently shown in art and was a common component in cycles of the Life of the Virgin as well as the Life of Christ In early Christian depictions Jesus is usually shown in the center seated on a raised dais surrounded by the elders who are often on stepped benches The gesture usually made by Jesus pointing to his upraised thumb illustration may be a conventional rhetorical gesture expressing the act of expounding text These depictions derive from classical compositions of professors of philosophy or rhetoric with their students and are similar to medieval depictions of contemporary university lectures This composition can appear until as late as Ingres Montauban Musee Ingres 1 and beyond From the Early Medieval period the moment shown is usually assimilated to the finding itself by the inclusion of initially Mary and later Joseph as well usually at the left of the scene Typically Jesus and the doctors intent on their discussions have not noticed them yet From the 12th century Jesus is often seated in a large throne like chair sometimes holding a book or scroll In late medieval depictions the Doctors often now carrying or consulting large volumes may be given specifically Jewish features or dress and are sometimes overtly anti Semitic caricatures like some of the figures in Albrecht Durer s version in the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum in Madrid From the High Renaissance onward many painters showed a close up of the scene with Jesus closely surrounded by gesticulating scholars as in Durer s version of the subject Rembrandt who enjoyed depicting Jewish elders in the Temple in various subjects made three etchings of the subject Bartsch 64 66 as well as one of the much more unusual scene of Christ returning from the Temple with his parents 11 The Pre Raphaelite painter William Holman Hunt painted a version called The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple now at Birmingham as one of a number of subjects from Jesus s life for which he travelled to the Holy Land to study local details The subject has attracted few artists since the 19th century and one of the last notable depictions may be the one painted as a forgery of a Vermeer by Han van Meegeren in front of the Dutch police in order to demonstrate that the paintings he had sold to Hermann Goring were also fake Gallery Edit nbsp This 15th century page from a Book of Hours shows the typical medieval composition of treatments on subject nbsp Christ among the Doctors 1506 by Albrecht Durer nbsp Disputation as part of a series of the Seven Sorrows of Mary Note the sword in the heart of Mary nbsp Jesus Found in the Temple Jesus retrouve dans le temple James Tissot Brooklyn Museum nbsp Young Jesus in the Temple ca 1896 stained glass window Church of the Good Shepherd Rosemont Pennsylvania nbsp Disputation with the Doctors between 1308 and 1311 tempera on wood Duccio di Buoninsegna nbsp Jesus unter den Schriftgelehrten or Jesus among the Scribes painted by Han Van Meegeren who forged this painting in the style of Johannes Vermeer to prove to the Dutch Courts he forged a painting called Christ with the Adultress that he traded to Hermann Goring for 137 paintings rather that selling an actual Vermeer which would be collaboration punishable by death See also EditSeven Sorrows of MaryReferences Edit a b Fifth Joyful Mystery The finding of Jesus in the temple Vatican va The Bible Knowledge Commentary New Testament edition by John F Walvoord Roy B Zuck 1983 ISBN 0 88207 812 7 p 210 Luke 2 46 English Standard Version Other translations render Jesus words Why were you looking for me Did you not know that I must be in my Father s house and I must be about my Father s work See USCCB NAB Luke 2 Retrieved 2019 10 19 Friedrich Justus Knecht 1910 X Jesus at the Age of Twelve Years goes to the Temple A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture B Herder Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide Thomas Wimberly Mossman The great commentary of Cornelius a Lapide London J Hodges 1889 1896 Nicoll William R Expositor s Greek Testament on Luke 2 accessed 22 August 2023 Farrar F W 1891 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Luke 2 accessed 22 August 2023 Sunday School Teacher The Boyhood of Jesus Vol 7 page 74 London Sunday School Union accessed 22 August 2023 John Paul II Rosarium Virginis Mariae section 20 published 16 October 2002 accessed 6 May 2023 van Rijn Rembrandt 1654 Christ Returning from the Temple with His Parents Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2023 02 08 General sources EditG Schiller Iconography of Christian Art Vol I 1971 English translation from German Lund Humphries London pp 124 5 amp figs ISBN 0 85331 270 2 Friedrich Justus Knecht 1910 Jesus at the Age of Twelve Years goes to the Temple A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture B Herder External links Edit nbsp Media related to Jesus Christ among the doctors at Wikimedia CommonsFinding in the TempleLife of Jesus MinistryPreceded byReturn of young Jesus to Nazareth New TestamentEvents Succeeded byPilate made Prefect of Judea further succeeded byBaptism of Jesus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Finding in the Temple amp oldid 1179993216, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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