All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian*Θraitauna- (Avestan Θraētaona-) and Proto-Indo-Iranian*Traitaunas.
Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of Tritas, the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic Trita and the Avestan Θrita. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with thunder gods and wind gods. Trita is also called Āptya, a name that is probably cognate with Āθβiya, the name of Thraetaona's father in the Avestā, Zoroastrian texts collated in the third century. Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of Tritas". The name was borrowed from Parthian into Classical Armenian as Hrudēn.
In Zoroastrian literature
In the Avestā, Thraetaona is the son of Aθβiya, and so is called Āθβiyāni, meaning "from the family of Aθβiya". He was recorded as the killer of the dragon Zahhak (Aži Dahāk).
On the contrary, in Middle Persian texts, Dahāka/Dahāg was instead imprisoned on Mount Damavand in Amol.
In the Shahnameh
According to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Fereydun was the son of Ābtin, one of the descendants of Jamšid. Fereydun, together with Kāve, revolted against the tyrannical king, Zahāk, defeated and arrested him in the Alborz Mountains. Afterwards, Fereydun became the king, married Arnavāz and, according to the myth, ruled the country for about 500 years. At the end of his life, he allocated his kingdom to his three sons, Salm, Tur, and Iraj.
Iraj was Fereydun's youngest and favored son, and inherited the best part of the kingdom, namely Iran. Salm inherited Anatolia ("Rûm", more generally meaning the Roman Empire, the Greco-Roman world, or just "the West"), and Tur inherited Central Asia ("Turān", all the lands north and east of the Amu Darya, as far as China), respectively. This aroused Iraj's brothers' envy, and encouraged them to murder him. After the murder of Iraj, Fereydun enthroned Iraj's grandson, Manučehr. Manučehr's attempt to avenge his grandfather's murder initiated the Iranian-Turanian wars.
Soudavar, Abolala (2012). "Astyages, Cyrus and Zoroaster: Solving a historical dilemma". Iran. 50: 45–78. JSTOR 24595838. (registration required)
Tafazzoli, Ahmad (1999). "Ferēdūn". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IX/5: Fauna III–Festivals VIII. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 531–533. ISBN978-0-933273-33-7.
External links
Stuart Cary WelchA king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, 1972, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), ISBN0-87099-028-4, catalog from an exhibition May 4-July 4, 1972 (open access), 201 pp, 49MB, contains material on 'Faridun' PDF pages 104, 112, 116, 120, 124
fereydun, other, people, named, freydun, freydun, given, name, other, uses, disambiguation, avestan, 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀, romanized, Θraētaona, middle, persian, 𐭯𐭫𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭭, frēdōn, persian, فریدون, fereydūn, farīdūn, iranian, mythical, king, hero, from, pishdadian, dynasty,. For other people named Freydun see Freydun given name For other uses see Fereydun disambiguation Fereydun Avestan 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 romanized 8raetaona Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭭 Fredōn New Persian فریدون Fereydun Faridun is an Iranian mythical king and hero from the Pishdadian dynasty He is known as an emblem of victory justice and generosity in Persian literature 1 PishdadianShahFerydunA hero of Iranian myths and legendsفریدونOil painting of Fereydun Made in Qajar Iran during the mid 19th century BornTammishaOther namesAfereydun آفریدون Known forVictory over ZahhakSpouseArnavazShahrnazChildrenSalmTurIrajParentsAbtin father Faranak mother According to Abolala Soudavar Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great r 550 530 BC the first Achaemenid King of Kings 2 Contents 1 Etymology 2 In Zoroastrian literature 3 In the Shahnameh 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksEtymology EditAll of the forms of the name shown above derive by regular sound laws from Proto Iranian 8raitauna Avestan 8raetaona and Proto Indo Iranian Traitaunas Traitaunas is a derivative with augmentative suffix una auna of Tritas the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic Trita and the Avestan 8rita Both names are identical to the adjective meaning the third a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad In the Indian Vedas Trita is associated with thunder gods and wind gods Trita is also called Aptya a name that is probably cognate with A8biya the name of Thraetaona s father in the Avesta Zoroastrian texts collated in the third century Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as the great son of Tritas The name was borrowed from Parthian into Classical Armenian as Hruden In Zoroastrian literature EditIn the Avesta Thraetaona is the son of A8biya and so is called A8biyani meaning from the family of A8biya He was recorded as the killer of the dragon Zahhak Azi Dahak On the contrary in Middle Persian texts Dahaka Dahag was instead imprisoned on Mount Damavand in Amol In the Shahnameh EditAccording to Ferdowsi s Shahnameh Fereydun was the son of Abtin one of the descendants of Jamsid Fereydun together with Kave revolted against the tyrannical king Zahak defeated and arrested him in the Alborz Mountains Afterwards Fereydun became the king married Arnavaz and according to the myth ruled the country for about 500 years At the end of his life he allocated his kingdom to his three sons Salm Tur and Iraj Iraj was Fereydun s youngest and favored son and inherited the best part of the kingdom namely Iran Salm inherited Anatolia Rum more generally meaning the Roman Empire the Greco Roman world or just the West and Tur inherited Central Asia Turan all the lands north and east of the Amu Darya as far as China respectively This aroused Iraj s brothers envy and encouraged them to murder him After the murder of Iraj Fereydun enthroned Iraj s grandson Manucehr Manucehr s attempt to avenge his grandfather s murder initiated the Iranian Turanian wars See also EditIranian literature Persian mythology Triton mythology References Edit Tafazzoli 1999 pp 531 533 Soudavar 2012 p 53 Sources EditSoudavar Abolala 2012 Astyages Cyrus and Zoroaster Solving a historical dilemma Iran 50 45 78 JSTOR 24595838 registration required Tafazzoli Ahmad 1999 Feredun In Yarshater Ehsan ed Encyclopaedia Iranica Volume IX 5 Fauna III Festivals VIII London and New York Routledge amp Kegan Paul pp 531 533 ISBN 978 0 933273 33 7 External links EditStuart Cary Welch A king s book of kings the Shah nameh of Shah Tahmasp 1972 Metropolitan Museum of Art New York N Y ISBN 0 87099 028 4 catalog from an exhibition May 4 July 4 1972 open access 201 pp 49MB contains material on Faridun PDF pages 104 112 116 120 124 First Iranian Legendary Heroes and Heroines A Research Note by Manouchehr Saadat NouryPreceded byZahak Legendary Kings of the Sahname1800 2300 after Keyumars Succeeded byManucehr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fereydun amp oldid 1145149862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
