Felix Manalo
Felix Manalo Ysagun (born Félix Ysagun y Manalo; May 10, 1886 – April 12, 1963), also known as Ka Felix,[2] was the leader and the first Executive Minister of Iglesia ni Cristo. Followers see Manalo as a prophet and the last messenger of God. He is the father of Eraño G. Manalo, who succeeded him as Executive Minister of the INC, and the grandfather of Eduardo V. Manalo, the current Executive Minister of Iglesia ni Cristo.
Felix Y. Manalo | |
|---|---|
Manalo on a 2014 stamp of the Philippines | |
| Title | Executive Minister |
| Personal | |
| Born | Félix Manalo y Ysagun May 10, 1886 |
| Died | April 12, 1963 (aged 76) Quezon City, Philippines |
| Resting place | San Juan Cemetery |
| Religion | Protestant |
| Spouse | Honorata de Guzmán (m. 1913–1963) |
| Children | 7 including Pilar Manalo Danao and Eraño Manalo |
| Parents |
|
| Other names | Ka Felix, Feles |
| Occupation | Religious Leader |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | "Sugo ng Diyos sa mga Huling Araw" ("God's Messenger in this last days")[1] |
| Period in office | November 1913 – April 12, 1963 |
| Predecessor | Position established |
| Successor | Eraño G. Manalo |
Felix Manalo is the leader of Iglesia ni Cristo, a non-Trinitarian Restoration-Protestant church that originated in the Philippines since 1913.[3] The official doctrine of Iglesia ni Cristo professes that Félix Manalo y Ysagun is the last messenger of God, sent to reestablish the first church founded by Jesus Christ, which the INC claims to have fallen into apostasy following the death of the Apostles.
Biography
Félix Manalo y Ysagun the Messenger of Iglesia ni Cristo (Popularly known as "Félix Manalo") was born in Barrio Calzada, Tipas, Taguig, Manila province (transferred to Rizal province in 1901 and now part of Metro Manila), Philippines, on May 10, 1886. He was raised in a rural setting by his devout Catholic parents, Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo y Cruz. With their livelihood based on a combination of agricultural work, shrimp catching and mat making, they were humble people who lived on the edge of poverty. During a childhood disrupted by his father's death, his mother's remarriage and the Philippine Revolution, and an adolescence overshadowed by the Filipino-American War, Manalo received only a few years of formal schooling.[4][5][note 1]
Late in the 1890s, after a telling lapse of faith, the teenage Manalo rejected Catholicism. At the time he resided in Manila with his uncle Father Mariano Borja, a priest assigned to the urban parish of Sampaloc. Severely rebuked for privately studying the Bible, Manalo began forthwith to question many basic Catholic doctrines. He also sought solace in other religious groups. According to the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, the establishment of the Philippine Independent Church or the Aglipayan Church was his major turning point, but Manalo remained uninterested since its doctrines were mainly Catholic. In 1904, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church,[6] entered the Methodist seminary, and became a pastor for a while.[7] He also sought through various denominations, including the Presbyterian Church, Christian Mission, and finally Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1911. There Manalo laboured as trusted evangelist before quarrelling with Adventist leaders over matters of doctrine and customary authority relationships between Westerners and Filipinos. He was disfellowshipped from the SDA faith in 1913. Then, displeased with the various branches of Christianity brought to the Philippines by foreign missionaries, Manalo began to mingle with a diverse crowd of atheists and freethinkers who had rejected organized religion.[5][8][9]
Establishment of the Iglesia ni Cristo
In November 1913, Manalo secluded himself with religious literature and unused notebooks in a friend's house in Pasay, instructing everyone in the house not to disturb him. He emerged from his silence three days later with his newfound doctrines and principles.[8]
Felix Manalo, together with his wife, Honorata, went to Punta that same month and began preaching. He also returned to Taguig to evangelize and preach; there, he was ridiculed and questioned by the townsfolk during his meetings. He was later able to baptize a few converts, including some of his persecutors. He registered his newfound religion as the Iglesia ni Cristo (English: Church of Christ; Spanish: Iglesia de Cristo) on July 27, 1914, at the Bureau of Commerce as a unipersonal corporation with himself as the first Executive Minister and founder.[6][8][9] Expansion followed as the Iglesia started building congregations in the provinces as early as 1916.[10] The denomination's first three ministers were ordained in 1919.
By 1924, the INC had about 3,000 to 5,000 adherents in 43 or 45 congregations in Manila and six nearby provinces.[9] By 1936, the INC had 85,000 members. This figure grew to 200,000 by 1954.[10] A Cebu congregation was built in 1937—the first to be established outside of Luzon, and the first in the Visayas. The first mission to Mindanao was in 1946. Meanwhile, the INC's first concrete chapel was built in Sampaloc, Manila, in 1948.[9][11] Adherents fleeing Manila, where the Japanese forces were concentrated during the Second World War, were used for evangelization.[9] As Manalo's health began to fail in the 1950s, his son Eraño started to take leadership of the church.
On November 30, 1955, Felix led the dedication of the chapel of the Locale of Pasay, simultaneously with the offering of Brother Eraño's newborn son Brother Eduardo V. Manalo, the current Executive Minister.
Death
On April 2, 1963, Manalo was confined to hospital for treatment of peptic ulcer disease, which brought him constant pain that medication did not help. On April 11, 1963, doctors performed a third surgery on him, which would be his last.[12] Manalo died on April 12, 1963, at 2:35 in the morning, at the age of 76. Leadership of the Iglesia passed to his son, Eraño, who was chosen unanimously by the district ministers in 1953.[13] His remains were viewed by mourners in the INC's 3,200-seater chapel in San Francisco del Monte, Quezon City.[14] On April 23, he was buried at what was then the central office of the Iglesia ni Cristo in San Juan, Rizal.[15] The local police estimated the crowd at the funeral procession to have been 2 million, and the rite took five hours.[16]
Works
Recognition
The ministers of the Christian Mission honored him on December 25, 1918, as an outstanding evangelist.[3]
The Genius Divinical College of Manila on Avenida, Rizal, a non-sectarian institution headed by Eugenio Guerero, conferred on Felix Manalo the degree of Master of Biblo-Science honoris causa on March 28, 1931.[13]
On July 27, 2007, coinciding with the 93rd anniversary of the Iglesia ni Cristo, the National Historical Institute (NHI) of the Philippines unveiled a marker on the birthplace of Felix Manalo, declaring the site as a National Historical Landmark. The marker is located at Barangay Calzada, Tipas, Taguig, Metro Manila where the ancestral home of Manalo once stood. The marker sits on a 744-square-meter plaza. In his dedication speech, Ludovico Badoy, NHI executive director, said, "Brother Felix Manalo's significant contribution to Philippine Society is worth recognizing and emulating." He further said, "... the church he preached [has] changed the lives and faith of many Filipinos. He deserves the pride and recognition of the people of Taguig." The responsibility, maintenance, and operation of the landmark was turned over to the INC.[19]
On the same year, the Philippine government declared July 27 of every year as "Iglesia ni Cristo Day" to enable millions of INC followers in the Philippines and in 75 countries around the world to observe the occasion with fitting solemnity.[20]
On May 10, 2014, coinciding his 128th birth anniversary, the Philippine Postal Corp. (Philpost) launched the Iglesia ni Cristo Centennial Commemorative Stamp at the INC Central Office in Diliman, Quezon City, to mark the 100th anniversary of the church's registration in the Philippines. The stamp features the INC Central Temple and Felix Manalo in sepia. At the bottom of the stamp is the INC centennial logo in color. Philpost issued 1.2 million of the stamps, which is more than twice the number of stamps they usually issue for a single design. The stamp, 50 millimeters by 35 mm, is bigger than the ordinary-sized 40 mm by 30 mm stamps.[21]
In some cities and towns in the Philippines, the adjacent street near an INC locale is renamed F. Manalo to honor Felix Manalo's contributions in Philippine history.
Notes
- ^ It was sometime after his mother’s death that he decided on his mother’s name over his father’s name
References
- ^ "sugo". s´ugo' n. messenger n. 1 one sent: sugo 2 a messenger in a firm: mensahero 3 a bringer of news: tagapagbalita, taga- hatid ng balita. TAGALOG DICTIONARY. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
- ^ "Tagalog – Dictionary: ka". Retrieved April 4, 2013.
- ^ a b Suarez, E.T. (July 27, 2008). . The Manila Bulletin Online. The Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ Ordinario, Felvir (August 3, 2014). "The Ancestry of Félix Manalo". Lahing Pinoy. Wordpress. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Reed, Robert R. (2001). . Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Leiden University. 157 (3): 561–610. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003802. S2CID 163026590. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b Juan Miguel Zubiri (May 12, 2011). P.S. Res. No. 471 (PDF). Quezon City: Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Robin A. Brace (February 2009). "Who are the 'Iglesia ni Cristo'?". UK Apologetics. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c Quennie Ann J. Palafox. . National Historical Commission of the Philippines. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Robert R. Reed (2001). . Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Leiden: Royal Netherlands of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. 157 (3): 561–608. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
- ^ a b . Manila Bulletin. July 26, 2010. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Quennie Ann J. Palafox. . National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ May–June 1986 issue of Pasugo magazine
- ^ a b Palafox, First Executive Minister, NHI
- ^ Harper, Ann C (2001). "The Iglesia ni Cristo and Evangelical Christianity". Journal of Asian Mission. 3 (1): 101–119.
- ^ "Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888-1984 Image Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888–1984; pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-27187-24591-4 — FamilySearch.org". familysearch.org.
- ^ Sanders, Albert J. (1969). "An Appraisal of the Iglesia ni Cristo". In Gerald H. Anderson (ed.). Studies in Philippine church history. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0485-1.
- ^ Aug Sulo Sa Ikatitiyak Sa Iglesia Katolika Apostolika Romana (1947)
- ^ Philippine Studies - Volumes 25-26 - Page 481 1977 On the teaching that Manalo is "God's Messenger" (Angel) in fulfillment of Revelation 7: 1-3, it is said that "it grew out of ... No reference is made to the two books written by Felix Manalo himself which bear the titles: Aug Sulo Sa Ikatitiyak Sa Iglesia Katolika Apostolika Romana and Mga Katotohanan Dapat Malaman Ukol Sa Mga Aral Ng Iglesia Katolika Apostolika Romano. These works would have given the presentation of Iglesia doctrine and hermeneutics greater depth.
- ^ Cantor, Pasugo God's Message, August 2007, pg 12)
- ^ Suarez, Officials celebrate ..., The Manila Bulletin Online, July 27, 2008
- ^ Cueto-Ibañez, Donna (May 12, 2014). "'Iglesia' gets centennial stamp". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
External links
- Iglesia ni Cristo Official Website
- Iglesia ni Cristo Media Services