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Fanny White

January 01, 1970

Jane Augusta Blankman (née Funk; March 22, 1823 – October 12, 1860), better known as Fanny White, was one of the most successful courtesans of ante-bellum New York City. Known for her beauty, wit, and business acumen, White accumulated a significant fortune over the course of her career, married a middle-class lawyer in her thirties, and died suddenly a year later. Rumors that White had been poisoned caused a public outcry, which forced an inquest into her death.

Fanny White

Early life edit

Jane Augusta Funk was born on March 22, 1823, in Cherry Valley, Otsego County, New York, the eldest daughter of farmers Jacob and Jane B. Funk.[1][2] Her mother died when she was just 8 years old, while her father died in 1847.[3] Funk received a basic education and was considered a bookish girl.[1]

At age seventeen or eighteen, Funk "became the victim of a seducer."[4][5] A "seducer" was an older man who seduced naïve young women, often with a promise of marriage, only to abandon them. "Seduced and abandoned" women were considered ruined and were shunned by middle class Victorian society.[6] Seduction reportedly was the third most common "cause" of prostitution in New York in the early 1800s, after economic motives and "inclination,"[7] and was viewed as a social problem by moral reformers.[6][8]

In the fall of 1842, Funk went to New York City, to her older brother John H. Funk, a house carpenter who had moved there six years earlier.[4][9][10] Funk's husband would later accuse John of refusing to help his ruined sister.[11] Funk found menial work at a hotel to try to support herself.[4] In 1843, Funk joined a "house of prostitution at 120 Church street," where she assumed her professional name of Fanny White.[4]

Career edit

In ante-bellum New York most brothels were owned and controlled by women.[12] The average prostitute entered the business before age 21 and lasted four years.[13] Most practiced the trade part-time; few continued past age 30.[14][15] Many contracted tuberculosis or syphilis.[16]

Fanny White had the business sense and good luck to beat the odds. A few months after starting work at 120 Church Street, White moved up to Julia Brown's brothel on West Broadway, near the National Theater.[17] By 1847, the 24-year-old White was managing the brothel at 120 Church Street where she used to work.[18]

Also by 1847, she had met lawyer and Tammany Hall brother Daniel Sickles.[19] White's staff considered Sickles to be her "man".[19] Nineteenth century prostitutes commonly had a "man" or a "friend" with whom they developed a romantic attachment.[20] A prostitute's paramour did not normally pay for her attention, although Sickles did give White generous gifts of jewelry and money.[21]

In 1851, White purchased a building at 119 Mercer Street,[22] which she outfitted as a discreet, high-class brothel. "[H]er customers were merchants, Congressmen, and those belonging to the diplomatic corps on visits to New York."[1] White carefully maintained good relations with the police so her establishment would escape official notice.[1]

White's indiscreet relationship with Daniel Sickles, however, attracted considerable notice. After Sickles was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1847, he brought White to his hotel in Albany, where he introduced her around the breakfast table to the dismayed guests.[23] He took White to visit the State Assembly Chamber, for which action he was censured by the Whigs.[23] Another evening the two of them went out on the town with White illegally dressed as a man, and ended up spending the night in jail.[17] Sickles almost certainly arranged the mortgage on White's Mercer Street brothel, using the name of his friend (and future father-in-law) Antonio Bagioli.[24] Rumors that White contributed her own earnings to Sickles' election campaign would haunt Sickles for the rest of his political career.[24][25]

In September 1852, Sickles hastily married sixteen-year-old Teresa Bagioli.[26] White was rumored to be so angry that she followed him to a hotel and attacked him with a riding whip.[27] But in August 1853, when Sickles traveled to England as the secretary to James Buchanan, the U. S. Minister to the Court of St. James, White accompanied him in lieu of his wife.[28] One source alleges that Sickles arranged for her passport.[27] Fellow madam Kate Hastings moved to 119 Mercer to manage White's brothel in her absence.[22]

In England, White accompanied Sickles openly to theaters, operas, and diplomatic events.[29] Most sources agree that White made her curtsey to Queen Victoria at a reception at Buckingham Palace, where Sickles introduced her as "Miss Bennett of New York."[30]

Historians speculate that White talked Sickles into the introduction, and that Sickles was further motivated by his intense dislike of both the monarchy and of the editor of the New York Herald, James Gordon Bennett, Sr.[29][30] Queen Victoria apparently never learned the truth, but Bennett was furious at the use of his name.[30] The Life and Death of Fanny White, however, alleges that White legally changed her name before she left for Europe.[27] And after 1853, White signed bank drafts and business contracts with the name "J. Augusta Bennett."[31][32]

When Teresa Bagioli Sickles arrived in London in the spring of 1854, White left.[33] One source claims that White made a tour of the Continent – she "visited Paris, Baden-Baden, Vienna, and other interesting and fashionable aristocratic resorts,"[27] and was removed from the Paris Opera by gendarmes after making a drunken scene – returning to New York later in the year.[27] Back in New York, White established a second brothel behind the St. Nicholas Hotel[27] and also resumed management of 119 Mercer Street.[22]

By 1856, White was seen riding around New York in the carriage of the wealthy, much older Jacob Rutgers LeRoy, one of the LeRoys of the Triangle Tract in western New York.[34][35] In 1856, she also turned management of 119 Mercer Street over to Clara Gordon and moved into a house she owned at No. 108 Twelfth Street, accompanied by two "lady boarders."[22][36][37]

Reform of Jane Augusta Blankman edit

About 1857, White met criminal defense lawyer Edmon Blankman, seven years her junior. They married in 1859 and White became Jane Augusta Blankman.[38] At the time of her marriage, "it was said she owned several houses in the city, which were allegedly gifts from suitors, as well as a $5,000 annuity and a real-estate lot reportedly given to her by a male friend."[22]

Jane Blankman was generous to her family. In 1856 she paid her brother John $2,500 for a lifelong lease on a house he owned, and gave the lease to their widowed sister, Mrs. Eliza Williams.[9] Blankman contributed half the money to purchase a Funk family lot at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[9] Blankman bought her younger brother, Hiram Funk, enough shares in the Resolute Fire Insurance Company that he was able to obtain a position as surveyor for the company.[11][39] She helped to raise and she paid for the schooling of her niece, Lillian Bennett.[40] She owned the fashionable property at No. 49 West. 34th Street where she and her new husband lived as Mr. and Mrs. Blankman.[36][41] She refused, however, to sign the property over to Edmon when he asked for it.[36] When a friend asked her why not, Blankman allegedly replied that "she was not such a fool," and "that ever since her suspicions had been aroused with regard to [Edmon] trying to have intimacy with her niece, she had lost all confidence in him."[36]

Controversial death edit

 
Edmon Blankman, Esq.

On October 12, 1860, Jane Blankman died suddenly at her home.[38][40] She was 37 and had no known children. Rumors began immediately that her husband had poisoned her to gain access to her fortune. Her brother arranged for an autopsy to be conducted by Doctors Finnell and Sands, who concluded that Blankman had died of apoplexy (a stroke).[2][41]

Her body was packed in ice and taken to Green-Wood Cemetery to be interred.[9] But on October 16, motivated by continued rumors of poisoning, city Coroner Schirmer and District Attorney Waterbury ordered that Blankman's remains be re-examined at Bellevue Hospital.[41][42] The three-day inquest became a cause célèbre and was reported in The New York Times.[citation needed]

The doctors who re-examined Blankman's body reported signs of exposure to tuberculosis and syphilis, as well as symptoms of cardiovascular disease and extensive bleeding in the brain, but found no sign of poisoning.[40][41] The Life and Death of Fanny White describes her as "frail," but the doctor who pronounced her dead described her as "very stout."[40]

On October 20, 1860, the Coroner affirmed the verdict of death by apoplexy.[40][41] Blankman's siblings wanted to bury her in the Funk family plot, but her remains were buried on March 25, 1861, in the Blankman family plot at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[9]

The "total value of her property at the time of her death was variously estimated at from $50,000 to $100,000"[43] – or $1 to $2 million U.S. as of 2010 – but that may have been a significant underestimate of its real value.[44] In the will presented by Edmon Blankman, she left almost her entire estate to her husband. Blankman's siblings contested the will, claiming it had been forged by her husband after her death.[45] On June 26, 1861, after months of acrimonious testimony, Surrogate William H. Freeland ruled in favor of Edmon Blankman.[46] Once again, her siblings appealed, but the New York Supreme Court upheld the verdict in late September.[47] Edmon Blankman began liquidating his wife's estate in October 1861.[48]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d Life and Death, p. 5.
  2. ^ a b "SUDDEN DEATH OF A NOTORIOUS WOMAN.; Exhumation of her Remains for the Purposes of a Coroner's Inquest". The New York Times. 1860-10-18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  3. ^ "Cherry Valley Cemetery". theusgenweb.org. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  4. ^ a b c d Life and Death, p. 6
  5. ^ Sanger, p. 454.
  6. ^ a b Sanger, p. 495
  7. ^ Sanger, p. 488.
  8. ^ Hill, pp. 140-141.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Surrogate's Court.; THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE TESTIMONY OF JOHN H. FUNK". The New York Times. 1861-03-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  10. ^ Bungay, p. 25.
  11. ^ a b "The Blankman Will Case". The New York Times. 1861-02-19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  12. ^ Hill, pp. 24-25.
  13. ^ Sanger, p. 455.
  14. ^ Sanger, pp. 252.
  15. ^ Hill, pp. 91-95.
  16. ^ Hill, pp. 232-234.
  17. ^ a b Life and Death, p. 7.
  18. ^ Hill, p. 104.
  19. ^ a b Kenneally, p. 16
  20. ^ Hill, p. 269.
  21. ^ Swanberg, p. 83.
  22. ^ a b c d e Hill, p. 102.
  23. ^ a b Kenneally, p. 17.
  24. ^ a b Hill, p. 281.
  25. ^ Swanberg, p. 339.
  26. ^ Swanberg, p. 86.
  27. ^ a b c d e f Life and Death, p. 8.
  28. ^ Kenneally, pp. 1-3.
  29. ^ a b Kenneally, p. 38.
  30. ^ a b c Swanberg, p. 92.
  31. ^ "Surrogate's Court.; THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE CONTINUATION OF CONTESTANTS' TESTIMONY. Matter of the Probate of the Will of Augusla J." The New York Times. 1861-02-28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  32. ^ "Surrogate's Court.; THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE CONTESTANTS TESTIMONY CONTINUED". The New York Times. 1861-03-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  33. ^ Swanberg, p. 93.
  34. ^ Hill, p. 282.
  35. ^ Belluscio.
  36. ^ a b c d "LAW REPORTS; Court Calendar THIS DAY. Surrogate's Court". The New York Times. 1861-03-04. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  37. ^ The "lady boarders" were prostitutes.
  38. ^ a b Life and Death, p. 13.
  39. ^ Costello.
  40. ^ a b c d e "THE CASE OF MRS. BLANKMAN.; Coroner's Investigation--Testimony of the Husband of the Deceased and other witnesses--Verdict of Death from Apoplexy". The New York Times. 1860-10-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  41. ^ a b c d e Life and Death, p. 14.
  42. ^ "THE CASE OF MRS. BLANKMAN.; A Second Post-Mortem Examination Excitement among Medical Men Statementof Drs. Finnell and Sands Other Interesting Particulars. POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION. STATEMENT OF DRS. FINNEL AND SANDS". The New York Times. 1860-10-19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  43. ^ Life and Death, p. 16.
  44. ^ Hill, p. 103
  45. ^ "Surrogate's Court.; THE WILL OF FANNY WHITE". The New York Times. 1860-12-11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  46. ^ "Mrs. Blankman's Will Sustained.; SURROGATE'S COURT". The New York Times. 1861-06-27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  47. ^ "The Surrogate's Decision in the Blankman Will Case Affirmed.; SUPREME COURT GENERAL TERM. Before Justice Clerke, Ingraham and Leonard". The New York Times. 1861-09-23. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  48. ^ “Auctions – Sales, p. 7”, The New York Times, October 28, 1861.

References edit

  • Anonymous. The Life and Death of Fanny White: Being a Complete and Interesting History of the Career of That Notorious Lady. New York, 1860. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:650156
  • Belluscio, Lynne. "The Scandals of Jacob LeRoy's Millions." Le Roy Pennysaver and News, November 14, 2010.
  • Bungay, G. W. "John H. Funk." Pen and Ink Portraits of the Senators, Assemblymen, A-D State Officers, of the State of New York. (Albany:Musell, 1857) http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=nys;cc=nys;view=toc;subview=short;idno=nys628
  • Costello, A.E. Our Firemen, The History of the New York Fire Departments from 1609–1887. Chapter 48, Part XII.
  • Hill, Marilyn Wood. Their Sisters' Keepers: Prostitution in New York City 1830-1870. (Berkeley:UC Press, 1993) ISBN 0-520-07834-9
  • Keneally, Thomas. Keneally, Thomas (2002). American Scoundrel: The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles. ISBN 0-385-50139-0.. (New York:Doubleday, 2002)
  • The New York Times, online archives: http://spiderbites.nytimes.com/
  • Sanger, William W, M.D. The History of Prostitution. (New York:Harper, 1859)
  • Swanberg, W.A. Swanberg, W. A. (1991). Sickles the Incredible. ISBN 1-879664-03-8. (Gettysburg:Stan Clark Military Books, 1984)

January 01, 1970
fanny, white, jane, augusta, blankman, née, funk, march, 1823, october, 1860, better, known, most, successful, courtesans, ante, bellum, york, city, known, beauty, business, acumen, white, accumulated, significant, fortune, over, course, career, married, middl. Jane Augusta Blankman nee Funk March 22 1823 October 12 1860 better known as Fanny White was one of the most successful courtesans of ante bellum New York City Known for her beauty wit and business acumen White accumulated a significant fortune over the course of her career married a middle class lawyer in her thirties and died suddenly a year later Rumors that White had been poisoned caused a public outcry which forced an inquest into her death Fanny White Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Reform of Jane Augusta Blankman 4 Controversial death 5 Notes 6 ReferencesEarly life editJane Augusta Funk was born on March 22 1823 in Cherry Valley Otsego County New York the eldest daughter of farmers Jacob and Jane B Funk 1 2 Her mother died when she was just 8 years old while her father died in 1847 3 Funk received a basic education and was considered a bookish girl 1 At age seventeen or eighteen Funk became the victim of a seducer 4 5 A seducer was an older man who seduced naive young women often with a promise of marriage only to abandon them Seduced and abandoned women were considered ruined and were shunned by middle class Victorian society 6 Seduction reportedly was the third most common cause of prostitution in New York in the early 1800s after economic motives and inclination 7 and was viewed as a social problem by moral reformers 6 8 In the fall of 1842 Funk went to New York City to her older brother John H Funk a house carpenter who had moved there six years earlier 4 9 10 Funk s husband would later accuse John of refusing to help his ruined sister 11 Funk found menial work at a hotel to try to support herself 4 In 1843 Funk joined a house of prostitution at 120 Church street where she assumed her professional name of Fanny White 4 Career editIn ante bellum New York most brothels were owned and controlled by women 12 The average prostitute entered the business before age 21 and lasted four years 13 Most practiced the trade part time few continued past age 30 14 15 Many contracted tuberculosis or syphilis 16 Fanny White had the business sense and good luck to beat the odds A few months after starting work at 120 Church Street White moved up to Julia Brown s brothel on West Broadway near the National Theater 17 By 1847 the 24 year old White was managing the brothel at 120 Church Street where she used to work 18 Also by 1847 she had met lawyer and Tammany Hall brother Daniel Sickles 19 White s staff considered Sickles to be her man 19 Nineteenth century prostitutes commonly had a man or a friend with whom they developed a romantic attachment 20 A prostitute s paramour did not normally pay for her attention although Sickles did give White generous gifts of jewelry and money 21 In 1851 White purchased a building at 119 Mercer Street 22 which she outfitted as a discreet high class brothel H er customers were merchants Congressmen and those belonging to the diplomatic corps on visits to New York 1 White carefully maintained good relations with the police so her establishment would escape official notice 1 White s indiscreet relationship with Daniel Sickles however attracted considerable notice After Sickles was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1847 he brought White to his hotel in Albany where he introduced her around the breakfast table to the dismayed guests 23 He took White to visit the State Assembly Chamber for which action he was censured by the Whigs 23 Another evening the two of them went out on the town with White illegally dressed as a man and ended up spending the night in jail 17 Sickles almost certainly arranged the mortgage on White s Mercer Street brothel using the name of his friend and future father in law Antonio Bagioli 24 Rumors that White contributed her own earnings to Sickles election campaign would haunt Sickles for the rest of his political career 24 25 In September 1852 Sickles hastily married sixteen year old Teresa Bagioli 26 White was rumored to be so angry that she followed him to a hotel and attacked him with a riding whip 27 But in August 1853 when Sickles traveled to England as the secretary to James Buchanan the U S Minister to the Court of St James White accompanied him in lieu of his wife 28 One source alleges that Sickles arranged for her passport 27 Fellow madam Kate Hastings moved to 119 Mercer to manage White s brothel in her absence 22 In England White accompanied Sickles openly to theaters operas and diplomatic events 29 Most sources agree that White made her curtsey to Queen Victoria at a reception at Buckingham Palace where Sickles introduced her as Miss Bennett of New York 30 Historians speculate that White talked Sickles into the introduction and that Sickles was further motivated by his intense dislike of both the monarchy and of the editor of the New York Herald James Gordon Bennett Sr 29 30 Queen Victoria apparently never learned the truth but Bennett was furious at the use of his name 30 The Life and Death of Fanny White however alleges that White legally changed her name before she left for Europe 27 And after 1853 White signed bank drafts and business contracts with the name J Augusta Bennett 31 32 When Teresa Bagioli Sickles arrived in London in the spring of 1854 White left 33 One source claims that White made a tour of the Continent she visited Paris Baden Baden Vienna and other interesting and fashionable aristocratic resorts 27 and was removed from the Paris Opera by gendarmes after making a drunken scene returning to New York later in the year 27 Back in New York White established a second brothel behind the St Nicholas Hotel 27 and also resumed management of 119 Mercer Street 22 By 1856 White was seen riding around New York in the carriage of the wealthy much older Jacob Rutgers LeRoy one of the LeRoys of the Triangle Tract in western New York 34 35 In 1856 she also turned management of 119 Mercer Street over to Clara Gordon and moved into a house she owned at No 108 Twelfth Street accompanied by two lady boarders 22 36 37 Reform of Jane Augusta Blankman editAbout 1857 White met criminal defense lawyer Edmon Blankman seven years her junior They married in 1859 and White became Jane Augusta Blankman 38 At the time of her marriage it was said she owned several houses in the city which were allegedly gifts from suitors as well as a 5 000 annuity and a real estate lot reportedly given to her by a male friend 22 Jane Blankman was generous to her family In 1856 she paid her brother John 2 500 for a lifelong lease on a house he owned and gave the lease to their widowed sister Mrs Eliza Williams 9 Blankman contributed half the money to purchase a Funk family lot at Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn 9 Blankman bought her younger brother Hiram Funk enough shares in the Resolute Fire Insurance Company that he was able to obtain a position as surveyor for the company 11 39 She helped to raise and she paid for the schooling of her niece Lillian Bennett 40 She owned the fashionable property at No 49 West 34th Street where she and her new husband lived as Mr and Mrs Blankman 36 41 She refused however to sign the property over to Edmon when he asked for it 36 When a friend asked her why not Blankman allegedly replied that she was not such a fool and that ever since her suspicions had been aroused with regard to Edmon trying to have intimacy with her niece she had lost all confidence in him 36 Controversial death edit nbsp Edmon Blankman Esq On October 12 1860 Jane Blankman died suddenly at her home 38 40 She was 37 and had no known children Rumors began immediately that her husband had poisoned her to gain access to her fortune Her brother arranged for an autopsy to be conducted by Doctors Finnell and Sands who concluded that Blankman had died of apoplexy a stroke 2 41 Her body was packed in ice and taken to Green Wood Cemetery to be interred 9 But on October 16 motivated by continued rumors of poisoning city Coroner Schirmer and District Attorney Waterbury ordered that Blankman s remains be re examined at Bellevue Hospital 41 42 The three day inquest became a cause celebre and was reported in The New York Times citation needed The doctors who re examined Blankman s body reported signs of exposure to tuberculosis and syphilis as well as symptoms of cardiovascular disease and extensive bleeding in the brain but found no sign of poisoning 40 41 The Life and Death of Fanny White describes her as frail but the doctor who pronounced her dead described her as very stout 40 On October 20 1860 the Coroner affirmed the verdict of death by apoplexy 40 41 Blankman s siblings wanted to bury her in the Funk family plot but her remains were buried on March 25 1861 in the Blankman family plot at Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn 9 The total value of her property at the time of her death was variously estimated at from 50 000 to 100 000 43 or 1 to 2 million U S as of 2010 update but that may have been a significant underestimate of its real value 44 In the will presented by Edmon Blankman she left almost her entire estate to her husband Blankman s siblings contested the will claiming it had been forged by her husband after her death 45 On June 26 1861 after months of acrimonious testimony Surrogate William H Freeland ruled in favor of Edmon Blankman 46 Once again her siblings appealed but the New York Supreme Court upheld the verdict in late September 47 Edmon Blankman began liquidating his wife s estate in October 1861 48 Notes edit a b c d Life and Death p 5 a b SUDDEN DEATH OF A NOTORIOUS WOMAN Exhumation of her Remains for the Purposes of a Coroner s Inquest The New York Times 1860 10 18 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Cherry Valley Cemetery theusgenweb org Retrieved 2022 10 14 a b c d Life and Death p 6 Sanger p 454 a b Sanger p 495 Sanger p 488 Hill pp 140 141 a b c d e Surrogate s Court THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE TESTIMONY OF JOHN H FUNK The New York Times 1861 03 05 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Bungay p 25 a b The Blankman Will Case The New York Times 1861 02 19 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Hill pp 24 25 Sanger p 455 Sanger pp 252 Hill pp 91 95 Hill pp 232 234 a b Life and Death p 7 Hill p 104 a b Kenneally p 16 Hill p 269 Swanberg p 83 a b c d e Hill p 102 a b Kenneally p 17 a b Hill p 281 Swanberg p 339 Swanberg p 86 a b c d e f Life and Death p 8 Kenneally pp 1 3 a b Kenneally p 38 a b c Swanberg p 92 Surrogate s Court THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE CONTINUATION OF CONTESTANTS TESTIMONY Matter of the Probate of the Will of Augusla J The New York Times 1861 02 28 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Surrogate s Court THE BLANKMAN WILL CASE CONTESTANTS TESTIMONY CONTINUED The New York Times 1861 03 02 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Swanberg p 93 Hill p 282 Belluscio a b c d LAW REPORTS Court Calendar THIS DAY Surrogate s Court The New York Times 1861 03 04 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 The lady boarders were prostitutes a b Life and Death p 13 Costello a b c d e THE CASE OF MRS BLANKMAN Coroner s Investigation Testimony of the Husband of the Deceased and other witnesses Verdict of Death from Apoplexy The New York Times 1860 10 22 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 a b c d e Life and Death p 14 THE CASE OF MRS BLANKMAN A Second Post Mortem Examination Excitement among Medical Men Statementof Drs Finnell and Sands Other Interesting Particulars POST MORTEM EXAMINATION STATEMENT OF DRS FINNEL AND SANDS The New York Times 1860 10 19 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Life and Death p 16 Hill p 103 Surrogate s Court THE WILL OF FANNY WHITE The New York Times 1860 12 11 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Mrs Blankman s Will Sustained SURROGATE S COURT The New York Times 1861 06 27 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 The Surrogate s Decision in the Blankman Will Case Affirmed SUPREME COURT GENERAL TERM Before Justice Clerke Ingraham and Leonard The New York Times 1861 09 23 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 10 14 Auctions Sales p 7 The New York Times October 28 1861 References editAnonymous The Life and Death of Fanny White Being a Complete and Interesting History of the Career of That Notorious Lady New York 1860 http nrs harvard edu urn 3 FHCL 650156 Belluscio Lynne The Scandals of Jacob LeRoy s Millions Le Roy Pennysaver and News November 14 2010 https web archive org web 20120128145259 http www leroypennysavernews com LynneBelluscioArticles Jacob LeRoy s Millions htm Bungay G W John H Funk Pen and Ink Portraits of the Senators Assemblymen A D State Officers of the State of New York Albany Musell 1857 http ebooks library cornell edu cgi t text text idx c nys cc nys view toc subview short idno nys628 Costello A E Our Firemen The History of the New York Fire Departments from 1609 1887 Chapter 48 Part XII Hill Marilyn Wood Their Sisters Keepers Prostitution in New York City 1830 1870 Berkeley UC Press 1993 ISBN 0 520 07834 9 Keneally Thomas Keneally Thomas 2002 American Scoundrel The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles ISBN 0 385 50139 0 New York Doubleday 2002 The New York Times online archives http spiderbites nytimes com Sanger William W M D The History of Prostitution New York Harper 1859 Swanberg W A Swanberg W A 1991 Sickles the Incredible ISBN 1 879664 03 8 Gettysburg Stan Clark Military Books 1984 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fanny White amp oldid 1185951089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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