fbpx
Wikipedia

History of Florida State University

The history of Florida State University dates to the 19th century and is deeply intertwined with the history of education in the state of Florida and in the city of Tallahassee. Florida State University, known colloquially as Florida State and FSU, is one of the oldest and largest of the institutions in the State University System of Florida.[1] It traces its origins to the West Florida Seminary, one of two state-funded seminaries the Florida Legislature voted to establish in 1851.[2]

West Florida Seminary main building, c. 1880. Built in 1854 as the Florida Institute. This building was replaced with College Hall in 1891. The Westcott Building now stands on this site - the oldest site of higher education in Florida

The West Florida Seminary, also known as the Florida State Seminary,[3] opened for classes in Tallahassee in 1857, absorbing the Florida Institute, which had been established as an inducement for the state to place the seminary in the city.[4] The former Florida Institute property, located where the historic Westcott Building now stands, is the oldest continuously used site of higher education in Florida. The area, slightly west of the state Capitol, was formerly and ominously known as Gallows Hill, a place for public executions in early Tallahassee.[1][5] In 1858 the seminary absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy, established in 1843, and became coeducational.[6]

In 1863, during the American Civil War, Florida's Confederate government added a military school to the institution, and changed its name to the Florida Military and Collegiate Institute. The school fielded student soldiers into an organized unit of the institution, which helped successfully repel a Union attack on Tallahassee at the Battle of Natural Bridge.[7] In 1883, it became part of the Florida University, the first state-supported university to be founded in Florida.[8] The university project struggled with a lack of legislative support, and the seminary soon returned to its old name, but focused increasingly on modern-style secondary education. In 1905 the Buckman Act restructured higher education in Florida, and the school was reorganized as a college for white women, the Florida State College for Women. After World War II, the school was made coeducational once again to help accommodate the influx of students entering college under the G.I. Bill, and was renamed Florida State University. It became racially integrated in 1963, and was noted as a center of student activism during the 1960s. Through the 20th and 21st centuries Florida State University has grown in both size and academic prominence, with a particular focus on graduate and doctoral research.

Founding edit

 
Francis W. Eppes VII

In 1823 the United States Congress determined that the Florida Territory shall receive two seminaries of learning, one on each side of the Suwannee River.[9] By 1838, the first constitution of the Florida Territory embraced and permanently guaranteed a system of general education (schools) and higher education (seminaries).[10]

 
First Presbyterian Church, Tallahassee, finished in 1839 near the FSU campus

Throughout the history of Tallahassee strong energy and focus toward education originated with leaders and members of the First Presbyterian Church, Tallahassee, located near Florida State University. The First Presbyterian Church building was built before 1838 and is the oldest public building in Tallahassee.[11] For almost a century the First Presbyterian Church of Tallahassee would have a strong symbiotic relationship with the origin and development of the educational institution known today as Florida State University.[12]

Leon Academy (1827-1840) edit

City officials of Tallahassee took steps to establish a school for boys as early as 1827 with the establishment of the Leon Academy.[13] Leon Academy was advertised in the Pensacola Gazette of March 9, 1827 as being under the supervision of Presbyterian Rev. Henry M. White, A.M.[14] By early 1831 the Leon Academy was under the control of the Tallahassee City Council.[15]

Leon Academy was incorporated by an act of the Territorial Legislative Council on February 12, 1831 under the control of seven trustees.[16] The Leon Academy suffered from lack of financial resources as well as high administrative turnover and in September 1836 was operated by John M. Brook of Virginia as a "private Seminary for boys", while the trustees continued to control and manage the property.[14] By 1840 the Leon Academy ceased operations as a public school.[14] The trustees, however, turned to the Territorial Legislature once again, who passed an "Act in Relation to the Trustees of Leon Academy" in 1840 wherein the Treasurer of the Territory was directed to pay funds to the trustees to "assist said Trustees in building an Academy".[17] On March 9, 1840 the Leon Academy had been refreshed with some Territory support.[18] The trustees solicited Territory support on the basis the Leon Academy would serve both male and female students.[14] There is disagreement among scholars if the male-only Leon Academy is the forerunner of the West Florida Seminary.[18][19] A point of agreement between the scholars is that the same leading citizens of Tallahassee were interested in both institutions.[14]

Leon Academy for Males and Females, Florida Institute, Florida Seminary (1846-1891) edit

Leon Academy was replaced by schools for males and females in a system established by Reverend Joshua Phelps and Elder David C. Wilson, both of the First Presbyterian Church. Princeton University-educated Reverend William Neil and his wife Eliza Neil operated the academies for males and females, which were merged in 1846 into a new version of the Leon Academy for Males and Females. The Leon Academy later split into the Tallahassee Female Academy, also known as the Leon Female Academy for females. While organized public education for males faltered between 1840 and 1850, education for females was intact and unusually complete. By January 1850 municipal elections in Tallahassee called for a city-supported school for males and the Tallahassee City Council, assumed financial responsibility for the Florida Institute the same year.

On January 24, 1851 the Florida Legislature voted to establish West Florida Seminary, which became Florida State University and East Florida Seminary which became the University of Florida.[20] The 1851 law specified the organization and governing boards of the schools, including terms of office for those boards, and specified the nature and scope of instruction at each institution. This law effectively established the joint charter for the two seminaries, providing for their complete operation.[21] It did not decide locations for the schools, however, leaving this to be awarded to the jurisdictions with the best offer of support.[22]

The Legislature concluded in Resolution No. 25 of that year that each seminary would be awarded to the county or town that would provide the best combination of land, buildings and money. Three towns presented offers for the West Florida Seminary - Tallahassee, Marianna and Quincy. The competition between the three soon became a bitter struggle between Marianna and Tallahassee for the West Florida Seminary. By January 1853 the Legislature accepted Ocala's offer for the East Seminary and in the same law directed Governor James E. Broome to appoint a special commission of six members from Middle and West Florida to decide upon the location of the West Seminary. The matter had grown so contentious that neither Governor Broome nor the Commission members looked forward to the task and did little to resolve the contest. The issue was then handed back to the Legislature where it was finally confronted. In the meantime, as an inducement to the Legislature, the City Council of Tallahassee had built and funded an all-male academy, called the Florida Institute, in Tallahassee.[23] The Florida Institute was a resurrected version of the Leon Academy established in 1827 by Presbyterian Reverend Henry White.[24]

The subsequent law of 1851 establishing the Seminaries seemed an answer to the existing educational needs of Tallahassee when it passed the Legislature. In 1854, the Tallahassee City Council offered to pay $10,000 to finance a new school building on land owned by the city in an attempt to "bid on" being the location of the seminary west of the Suwannee River. Later in 1854, construction on a school building began and Tallahassee’s city intendent (W.R. Hayward) approached the state legislature to present the case for the seminary to be in Tallahassee. However, state officials failed to make a decision regarding the location of the seminary before the end of the legislative session. The building of the Florida Institute was regarded at the time as the "handsomest edifice in Tallahassee" and cost $6,172.00 at its completion in April 1855. Around 100 students enrolled in the school year 1855-1856.[25] A group of citizens calling themselves the "friends of the Institution" planned to petition the Legislature to create the University of Florida from the Florida Institute.[26] By 1856, the Tallahassee City Council had "bid on" being the location of the Seminary once again and, this time, had won. The intendent was F.W. Eppes. The Florida Institute became the West Florida Seminary. The rise of land slightly west of the center of Tallahassee, formerly known as Gallows Hill, which was the site and building of the ongoing Florida Institute, was offered and accepted as the western state seminary for male students. The seminary officially held classes as a state institution in 1857. In 1858 it absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy begun in 1843 as the Misses Bates School, thereby becoming co-educational.[27] The West Florida Seminary stood near the front of the Westcott Building on the existing FSU campus.[28] This site is the oldest continually used location of higher learning in Florida.[29][30] The eastern seminary was located in Ocala in 1853 and closed during the American Civil War. It reopened in 1866 in Gainesville and would eventually be combined with other schools to form what would be called the University of the State of Florida in 1906.[31]

Civil War and Reconstruction edit

 
William Denham, West Florida Seminary cadet during the Civil War

During the American Civil War the name of the seminary was changed to The Florida Military and Collegiate Institute and began military training for students. Young cadets from the school, along with other soldiers from Tallahassee, defeated Union forces at the Battle of Natural Bridge in 1865.[7][32] The students were trained by Valentine Mason Johnson, a graduate of Virginia Military Institute, who was a professor of mathematics and the chief administrator of the college.[33] By the end of the war Tallahassee was the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to fall to Union forces.[34]

The Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit at Florida State University is one of only four ROTC units in the United States with permission to display a campaign streamer.[35] The streamer reads NATURAL BRIDGE 1865. After the fall of the Confederacy, campus buildings were occupied by Union forces for over a month. The West Florida Seminary reverted to a purely academic purpose after the war, and began a period of substantial growth and development.

First state university (1883-1901) edit

In 1883 West Florida Seminary became part of Florida University, Florida's first state-sponsored university.[36] In January 1883 Reverend John Kost, A.M., M.D., LL.D of Michigan proposed to carry out the mandate of the 1868 Constitution requiring a state university. Kost secured a charter from Governor William D. Bloxham that merged West Florida Seminary and the Tallahassee College of Medicine and Surgery into a new institution known as Florida University.[8] The West Florida Seminary became the institution's Literary College, and was to contain several "schools" or departments in different disciplines.[36] However, in the new association the seminary's "separate Charter and special organization" were maintained.[37] The charter also recognized three further colleges to be established at a later time: a Law College, a Theological Institute, and a Polytechnic and Normal Institute.[37]

The Florida Legislature recognized the university under the title "University of Florida" in Spring 1885, but committed no additional financing or support.[38] Without legislative support, the university project struggled, and the association dissolved when the medical college relocated to Jacksonville later that year.[36] The Law Department was discontinued at the same time.[39]: 122–123  The Florida Agricultural College in Lake City tried to revive interest in the university plan, announcing its desire to merge with the University of Florida in 1886 and 1887; however, nothing came of this at the time.[38] By 1891, however, President Edgar had developed a four-year curriculum and a collegiate organization with freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior ranks. The school's first Commencement, under the name Florida State University, took place from June 10–12, 1891.[40] The Tallahassee institution never assumed the "University of Florida" name,[38] though the act recognizing it as such was not repealed until 1903, when the title was transferred to the Florida Agricultural College.[38][41]

The West Florida Seminary, as it was still generally called, continued to expand and thrive. It shifted its focus increasingly towards modern-style post-secondary education, awarding "Licentiates of Instruction" – its first diplomas – in 1884, and awarding Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1891.[42] It had become Florida's first liberal arts college by 1897.

Florida State College (1901–1905) edit

 
Albert A. Murphree, President of Florida State College 1897-1909

In 1901 the Seminary was reorganized into the Florida State College, with four departments: the College, the College Academy, the School for Teachers and the School of Music.[42] President was Albert Alexander Murphree.[43]: 89  Its aspiration was "to be not only the foremost school of this State, but to be classed in the first rank of the colleges of the South."[39]: 7  In 1901–1902 there were "nearly 300 Bona Fide Students from Twenty-Eight Florida Counties and Six States".[43]: 115  It awarded the B.A. degree, emphasizing Greek and Latin, the B.Sc. Degree, emphasizing modern languages and physical sciences, and the B.L. degree, enphasizing English, German, and the Romance languages.[43]: 115  According to its yearbook The Argo, It had track, baseball, and football teams;[43]: 72–78  in 1902 a women's basketball team was added.[43]: 96–97  In the Normal School, established "three years ago, seeing the sad condition of our public schools", enrollment was 90, from "almost every county in the state".[39]: 37 

Florida State College for Women (1905–1947) edit

 
College Hall, c. 1903

The 1905 Buckman Act reorganized the existing six Florida colleges into three institutions, segregated by "race" and gender—a school for white males (University of Florida), a school for white females (Florida Female College), and a school for both African American males and females (State Normal School for Colored Students).[44] By 1909, the name was again changed to the Florida State College for Women after the initial title was generally rejected.

Under the Buckman Act the State Normal School for Colored Students (now Florida A&M University) became the college serving African Americans, while the state's other four institutions (the University of Florida at Lake City (formerly Florida Agricultural College), the East Florida Seminary in Gainesville, the St. Petersburg Normal and Industrial School in St. Petersburg, and the South Florida Military College in Bartow) were merged into a school for white males known as the University of the State of Florida, located in Gainesville. The Buckman bill was the brainchild of Henry Holland Buckman, a legislator from Duval County, Florida. It was hotly debated, with one legislator saying in debate: "I believe in coeducation. Statistics prove satisfactory to me that separate institutions for male and female is detrimental (sic) to both--physically, mentally and morally."[45] Further, according to Shira Birnbaum, the Buckman Act:

...didn't merely standardize, consolidate and narrow opportunities for public higher education in Florida. It also inaugurated an era of new school gender practices. Right from the start, in fact, the Buckman Act's message to Florida's women was that the highest levels of educational attainment--the advanced degrees and professional schools of a "university education"--would be reserved for white males attending the new all-male University of the State of Florida. White women, by contrast, had to settle for a "college." Furthermore, the Buckman Act mandated that the university would "teach...the fundamental laws and...the rights and duties of citizens ..." to its male students. The college, by contrast, would "teach...all the useful arts and sciences that may be necessary or appropriate." A dual discourse had been laid out--one that framed education for white men as a matter of "citizenship" and education for white women as a matter of "usefulness".[46]

A residence hall currently on the campus of the University of Florida bears the name Buckman Hall in honor of the legislator. No equivalent building to date exists on the campus of Florida State University.[47]

Despite the impact of the Buckman Act, Albert A. Murphree, then President of the Florida State College, determined to stress liberal studies and academic performance.[48] Florida State was the largest of the original two universities in Florida, even during the period as the college for women (1905 to 1947) until 1919.[49] By 1933, the Florida State College for Women had grown to be the third largest women’s college in the United States.[50] In 1935, the College was awarded the Alpha chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in Florida.[51][52] The Florida State College for Women was the first state women's college in the South to be awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, as well as the first university in Florida to be so honored for academic quality.[53]

World War II changes (1945-1960) edit

After World War II, returning soldiers taking advantage of the new G.I. Bill placed an unexpectedly heavy demand on the state university system. The Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida (TBUF) was quickly opened on the campus of the Florida State College for Women.[42][54] The men were housed in former barracks on Dale Mabry Field, an existing WWII U.S. Army Air Force training field west of Tallahassee, that was deactivated in part after the war. Male students were then enrolled into the Florida State College for Women and traveled to the main campus by bus. Part of Dale Mabry Field became known as "West Campus" during this brief period. By the end of the 1946-1947 school year, 954 men were enrolled in the TBUF program. By 1947 the Florida Legislature returned the FSCW to coeducational status and renamed the Florida State College for Women the Florida State University.[55] The FSU West Campus land and barracks plus other areas continually used as an airport later became the location of the Tallahassee Community College.

The 1950s brought substantial growth and development to the university. Several colleges were added and the first Ph.D. was awarded in Chemistry by 1952.[citation needed] Many buildings recognizable today[when?] were added to the university such as the Strozier Library, Tully Gymnasium and the original parts of the Business building.[citation needed] Programs supplementing the original liberal arts and education departments were added including Business, Journalism discontinued in 1959, Library Science, Nursing and Social Welfare. [citation needed] Social Welfare was later split into the College of Criminology and the College of Social Work.[citation needed]

Hymns edit

In 1947, The Florida Flambeau held a contest for a song to become the school’s alma mater; “High O’er the Towering Pines” was written by Johnny Lawrence and submitted to the competition. The song was announced as the winner of the competition on November 21, 1947, but was not officially made the alma mater until 1949.[citation needed]

"The Hymn to the Garnet and the Gold" was originally written by J. Dayton Smith for chorus and was first premiered by the Collegians at the 1950 Homecoming. In 1958, Charlie Carter arranged the piece for the Marching Chiefs and it was performed as the closer to the Homecoming show, cementing it as a Homecoming tradition at Florida State.[56]

The 1950 Homecoming half-time show included a dedication ceremony naming the stadium in honor of university President Doak Campbell. There was also a special performance by the band, christening it the Marching Chiefs and premiering the "FSU Fight Song." Student Doug Alley wrote the lyrics to the fight song as a poem which first appeared in the Florida Flambeau. Professor of music Thomas Wright saw the poem in the newspaper and wrote a melody to it as he was inspired by the surge of school spirit.[57]

Thomas Wright grants rights to the song in exchange for two season tickets every year.[58][59]

Fifty years later, the FSU Fight Song is one of the most widely recognized college tunes in the country. Mission Control used the Fight Song to awaken alumnus and current professor Norm Thagard one morning in 1983 while he was aboard the Challenger spacecraft.[60]

Student activism and racial integration edit

 
Student protest in Tallahassee - 1970

During the 1960s and 1970s, Florida State University was known as a center of student activism especially in the areas of racial integration, women's rights and the Vietnam War. The school acquired the nickname 'Berkeley of the South'[61] during this period, in reference to similar student activities at the University of California, Berkeley and is also purported to be the site of the genesis of "streaking," which is said to have first been observed on Landis Green.[62][63][better source needed] Governor Claude Kirk appeared unexpectedly one morning with a chair and spent the day, with little escort or fanfare, on Landis Green discussing politics with protesting students. Elements of free speech activism still exist at FSU today. The Center for Participant Education was established in 1970 as an alternative to traditional university academics. Its purpose is to allow students to "explore socially relevant topics and to foster a healthier philosophy of education through classes in which anyone could teach or attend. Its first catalog was designed by FSU student James Clement van Pelt, who founded the Miccosukee Land Co-op in Tallahassee three years later with other FSU students and faculty. Since then, CPE has been investigated by the Legislature, suspended by the Board of Regents, and challenged by FSU administration. CPE has managed to hold strong through all of this, and remains today as one of the last free universities in the country."[64] Florida State also established the Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Space Biosciences and the Programs in Medical Studies.

After many years as a segregated university, and partly due to the efforts of students starting in the late 1950s (including sit-ins and an application to attend Florida A&M University by FSU student Alan Breitler in 1960,[65]) in 1962 Maxwell Courtney became the first African American undergraduate student admitted to Florida State.[66] In 1968 Calvin Patterson became the first African American player for the Florida State University football team.[67]

Tallahassee and Florida State were difficult places for African Americans even as late as 1968. When Calvin Patterson, a star player from Miami, signed with the Florida State Seminoles he endured insults and threats from the beginning. Tallahassee, at the time, was very much still rooted in the Old South as Patterson was neither accepted by many white students and fans at FSU nor the black students at nearby historically black Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University who viewed Patterson as a traitor.[67]

A 2017 study by The Education Trust, examining data from 2014, found that Florida State University ranked in the top 20 colleges in the country in graduation rates among African-American students. About 75% of African-American students (who make up 8.4% of FSU students) graduate within six years, compared to a national average of 40%.[68]

Pathways of Excellence edit

The strategic vision of Florida State University, known as Pathways of Excellence, changed in September 2005 as the result of an evaluation of "FSU’s academic productivity and recognition as viewed in the context of the Phase I and Phase II indicators for membership in the Association of American Universities (AAU) and the standards used by the National Research Council for evaluating doctoral programs."[69] The task group made recommendations, on which FSU President Wetherell acted, which are intended to transform the overall academic quality and scholarly productivity of the university. The faculty group created specific goals for the university which include investment in new university faculty hired in "academic clusters"[70] focused principally on doctoral-level research. Coupled with this investment in 200 new faculty members is an expansion of the physical infrastructure of the university.[71] To date, new construction is underway or recently completed for a new Experimental Social Science Laboratory, a College of Medicine Research Building, a new Psychology Building, a new Chemistry Building, a new Life Sciences Teaching and Research Building and a new Materials Research Building.

Concurrently, other existing research facilities at the university have been renovated, including the Nancy Smith Fichter Dance Theatre, the Kasha Laboratory of the Institute of Molecular Biophysics plus enhancements to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and a new Applied Superconductivity Center.

2014 shooting edit

On November 20, 2014, a gunman armed with a .380 semiautomic pistol, identified as 31-year-old Myron May, shot an employee and two students at Strozier Library on the university campus shortly after midnight. He was a lawyer, former prosecutor and an alumnus of the university. He sent a message to a friend "I do not want to die in vain" as he feared that U.S. government "stalkers" were using a "direct energy weapon" to hurt him. His social media indicated that he was one of a number of people driven to violence who believed he was a "targeted individual" attacked by mind control and invisible weapons. He was fatally shot by responding police officers after he began shooting at them outside Strozier Library. After the shooting, it was revealed that May had mailed a total of ten packages to friends throughout the country beforehand; the contents of the packages were harmless.[72][73][74]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Office of University Communications (September 23, 2009). "About Florida State: History". www.fsu.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  2. ^ "Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University - Part I by William G. Dodd, p.13, The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 1 July 1948". Retrieved 2014-07-16.
  3. ^ Coles, David J. (1999). "Florida's Seed Corn: The History of the West Florida Seminary During the Civil War". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 77 (3). Florida Historical Quarterly 77: 302. JSTOR 30147582.
  4. ^ "Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University - Part II by William G. Dodd, p.158-9, The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 2 October 1948" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2010. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  5. ^ Hare, Julianne (2002-05-01). Tallahassee - A Capital City History, p.42, Julianne Hare, Arcadia Publishing (May 1, 2002). ISBN 978-0-7385-2371-2. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  6. ^ "Book Review: Gone with the Hickory Stick: School Days in Marion County 1845-1960, p.122, The Florida Historical Quarterly - Volume LV, Number 3 January 1977" (PDF). Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  7. ^ a b . Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-09. State Library and Archives of Florida - The Florida Memory Project Timeline (see 1865) Retrieved on 4-29-2007
  8. ^ a b "Calendar of the Florida University - Organization". Retrieved 2009-02-24.
  9. ^ "p. 30, History of Education in Florida (George Gary Bush, Ph.D; Washington GPO 1889)". Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) State Library and Archives of Florida - The Florida Memory Project, Florida Constitution of 1838, Article X - Education: "Section 1. The proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted by the United States for the use of Schools, and a Seminary or Seminaries, of learning, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, together with all monies derived from any other source applicable to the same object, shall be inviolably appropriated to the use of Schools and Seminaries of learning respectively, and to no other purpose. Section 2. The General Assembly shall take such measures as may be necessary to preserve from waste or damage all land so granted and appropriated to the purposes of Education." Retrieved on 5-25-2007
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-01-16. Retrieved 2007-11-14. An Historical Sketch Of the Sanctuary First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee, Florida Retrieved on 2-10-2008.
  12. ^ At First - The Presbyterian Church in Tallahassee, Florida, 1828-1938 p. 111; Barbara Rhodes, Copyright 1994, First Presbyterian Church, Tallahassee, FL
  13. ^ "Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University - Part I by William G. Dodd, p.3, The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 1 July 1948". Retrieved 2010-08-03.
  14. ^ a b c d e Dodd July 1948, supra
  15. ^ Dodd July 1948, p. 4.
  16. ^ Dodd July 1948, p. 5.
  17. ^ Dodd July 1948, p. 6.
  18. ^ a b Dodd July 1948, p. 7.
  19. ^ Knauss, James O.: Education in Florida 1821-1829, page 26. Florida Historical Quarterly volume 3, No.4, 1925.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-10-09. State Library and Archives of Florida - The Florida Memory Project Timeline (see 1851) Retrieved on 4-28-2007
  21. ^ Dodd, William George: History of West Florida Seminary, page 1. Florida State University, 1952.
  22. ^ Dodd 2005, p.1.
  23. ^ [1] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, Original building of the all-male Florida Institute, one predecessor of the West Florida Seminary. Archives metadata: The male academy. Built in 1854, by the city, as an inducement for the legislature to name Tallahassee as the site of the Seminary West of the Suwanee. Operated as the Florida Institute until it became West Florida Seminary in 1857. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  24. ^ Dodd, William G. (1952). History of West Florida Seminary. Tallahassee: Florida State University. p. 10.
  25. ^ Dodd July 1948, p. 25.
  26. ^ Dodd July 1948, p. 26.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2007-04-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Florida State University Libraries - John L. DeMilly Papers 1877-1879, Historical Note Retrieved on 4-28-2007.
  28. ^ [2] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, Map showing location of the West Florida Seminary published 1885. Archives metadata: No. 3 was the seminary. Built in 1854. In use 1857, when classes began, until 1891 when it was remolded to College Hall. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  29. ^ [3] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, West Florida Seminary c. 1884. Archives metadata: Building given to the seminary at its inception (1857) for classes. Destroyed in 1891 to make way for College Hall. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  30. ^ [4] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, College Hall at the West Florida Seminary c. 1898. Archives metadata: Constructed in 1891. Replaced by Westcott in 1909. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  31. ^ [5] Text adapted from _Historic Gainesville, A Tour Guide to the Past_, Ben Pickard, ed., Historic Gainesville, Inc., Gainesville, FL, 1991, 48 pp. Copyright by Historic Gainesville, Inc. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  32. ^ [6] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, West Florida Seminary Cadets, published c. 187-. Archive metadata: West Florida Seminary cadets taking a break Retrieved on 4-29-2007
  33. ^ "Valentine Mason Johnson - pugknows.com". Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  34. ^ . 1865. Archived from the original on 2009-06-07. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  35. ^ The other three programs are: the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for the Battle of New Market, The Citadel for the defense of Charleston and other engagements, and The University of Mississippi for the defense of Vicksburg.
  36. ^ a b c Bush, George Gary (1889). History of Education in Florida. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 46–47. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  37. ^ a b Constitutional Convention, Florida (June 9, 1885). Journal of the Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Florida, p. 21. Harvard College Library. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  38. ^ a b c d Armstrong, Orland Kay (c. 1928). "The Life and Work of Dr. A. A. Murphree, p. 40". Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  39. ^ a b c "Florida State College". Argo. 3. Students of Florida State College. 1903.
  40. ^ Dodd, History of West Florida State Seminary, p.82
  41. ^ [7] History of Florida State University, Office of the Dean of the Faculties, September 5, 2001 - "The following quote from the 1903 Florida State College Catalogue adds an interesting footnote to this period: In 1883 the institution, now long officially known as the West Florida Seminary, was organized by the Board of Education as The Literary College of the University of Florida. Owing to lack of means for the support of this more ambitious project, and also owing to the fact that soon thereafter schools for technical training were established, this association soon dissolved. It remains to be remarked, however, that the legislative act passed in 1885, bestowing upon the institution the title of the University of Florida, has never been repealed. The more pretentious name is not assumed by the college owing to the fact that it does not wish to misrepresent its resources and purposes." Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  42. ^ a b c "About Florida State - History". Office of University Communications. September 23, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  43. ^ a b c d e "Florida State College". Argo. 2. Students of Florida State College. 1902.
  44. ^ [8] State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, Westcott Building at the Florida State College for Women, published 193-. Archives metadata: Fountain and Westcott Building at Florida State College for Women. Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  45. ^ [9] Shira Birnbaum, "Making Southern belles in progressive era Florida: Gender in the formal and hidden curriculum of the Florida Female College", p. 7, Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2/3, Gender, Nations, and Nationalisms (1996), pp. 218-246 doi:10.2307/3346809 Retrieved on 7-02-2007.
  46. ^ [10] Shira Birnbaum, "Making Southern belles in progressive era Florida: Gender in the formal and hidden curriculum of the Florida Female College", p. 8, Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2/3, Gender, Nations, and Nationalisms (1996), pp. 218-246 doi:10.2307/3346809 Retrieved on 7-02-2007.
  47. ^ [11] Florida State University - Campus Map Retrieved on 7-02-2007.
  48. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2007-07-03. Florida State University - Women and Science at FSU Retrieved on 7-02-2007.
  49. ^ "Florida Board of Governors SUS Headcount Enrollment - 1905-Present". Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  50. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2007-04-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Florida State University Libraries Special Collections Department, Inventory of the Florida State College for Women Surveys and Reports (MSS2003003), Biographical/Historical Notes. Created by Amy McDonald. Copyright Florida State University Libraries, 2004 Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  51. ^ "Alpha of Florida - Phi Beta Kappa". Archived from the original on 2004-08-14. Retrieved 2007-07-06. Alpha of Florida - Phi Beta Kappa Retrieved on 4-29-2007.
  52. ^ [12] 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine Phi Beta Kappa - Chronology of Chapters Retrieved on 5-23-2007.
  53. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2007-04-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Florida State University Libraries Special Collections Department, Inventory of the Florida State College for Women/Florida State University Phi Beta Kappa Alpha of Florida Chapter. (MSS2005-014) Biographical/Historical Notes. Created by Erin VanClay, Copyright Florida State University Libraries, 09/2005 Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  54. ^ Image:Tbuf rc01381.jpg State Library and Archives of Florida - Florida Photographic Collection, Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida at the Florida State College for Women c. 1946. Archives metadata: The first 507 students went to register for the TBUF program, 1946-47. They were enrolled at Florida State College for Women in 1946. TBUF was created to serve men returning from World War II because there was no room at the state men's college, the University of Florida. They were the first men on campus since 1905. Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  55. ^ [13] Personal history of Mary Lou Norwood, FSCW/FSU Alumna, (transitional) Class of 1947 (FSU webpage): "She graduated in the transitional class of 1947, when FSCW became the coeducational Florida State University. She was a member of the only class for which both institutional names appear on the diploma." Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  56. ^ Davis, Hannah (22 September 2015). "What's in a song? The many melodies of FSU". Illuminations. Heritage Protocol & University Archives. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  57. ^ "Florida State University: A History of Traditions – Page 26". The FSU Fight Song. FSU Student Government Association. 9 August 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  58. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
  59. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-04-01. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  60. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  61. ^ [14] Florida State University, News Archive, Events Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  62. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2007-06-29. Florida State Times - On-Line, April/May 1997 - Compression (©1997 Florida State Times): "Streaking an FSU First - One of the more notorious fads of the 1970s began on the campus of Florida State. Streaking, which swept the nation in the 1970s, was started in 1974 when about 200 FSU students decided to run naked across the campus one mild March evening." Retrieved on 6-29-2007.
  63. ^ [15] Tallahassee Naturally, Inc. (©2005 by Tallahassee Naturally, Inc. All rights reserved): "January 15, 1974 was a slow day at the Florida Flambeau. So the editor persuaded four male FSU students to streak naked across Woodward Avenue and the tennis courts, on into a waiting getaway car. Within weeks, the streaking fad had spread across campuses nationwide. To uphold their record as Number 1, FSU students staged mass nude evening rallies in front of the library. But the fad quickly passed, and everyone forgot that it had started in Tallahassee." Retrieved on 6-29-2007.
  64. ^ [16] Florida State University, Center for Participant Education Retrieved on 4-30-2007.
  65. ^ "White Student To Seek Fla. A. & M. U. Enrollment". Jet. Vol. 17, no. 18. February 20, 1960. p. 51.
  66. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2008-04-20.
  67. ^ a b "Walk With Me - Sports Illustrated November 16, 2005". Retrieved 2008-04-20.[dead link]
  68. ^ Dean Heller, FSU gets high marks for black graduation rate, FSU Communications (March 2, 2017).
  69. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-07-06. Florida State University - Pathways of Excellence Retrieved on 5-27-2007.
  70. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-07-06. Florida State University - Pathways of Excellence Round 2 Academic Cluster Proposals Retrieved on 5-27-2007.
  71. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-07-06. Florida State University - Pathways of Excellence, New Facilities Retrieved on 5-27-2007.
  72. ^ Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched By ASHLEY SOUTHALL and TIMOTHY WILLIAMS NOV. 20, 2014
  73. ^ "FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous"
  74. ^ NBC News NOV 22 2014 FSU Shooter Myron May Left Message: 'I Do Not Want to Die in Vain' by TRACY CONNOR

Bibliography edit

  • Adams, Alfred Hugh (1962). A History of Public Higher Education in Florida, 1821‑1961. Florida State University.
  • Bush, George G. (1898). History of Education in Florida. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of Education, Circular of Information 1888, # 7.
  • Campbell, Doak Sheridan (1964). A University in Transition: Florida State College for Women and Florida State University, 1941‑1957. Florida State University.
  • Dodd, William George (1948). "Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary, Now Florida State University". Florida Historical Quarterly (XXVII): 1‑27.
  • Dodd, William George (1952). History of West Florida Seminary. Florida State University. B0007E7WRS.
  • Dodd, William George (1952). West Florida Seminary, 1857‑1901; Florida State College, 1901‑1905. Tallahassee.
  • Dodd, William George (1958–1959). Florida State College for Women, Notes on the Formative Years (1905‑1920)‑‑With a "Postscript: The Twenties"; and "Epilogue: The Forties 1940‑1944". Tallahassee.
  • Marshall, J.Stanley (2006). The Tumultuous Sixties - Campus Unrest and Student Life at a Southern University. Tallahassee: Sentry Press. ISBN 1-889574-25-2.
  • McGrotha, Bill (1987). Seminoles! The First Forty Years. Tallahassee Democrat. ISBN 0-9613040-1-4.
  • Rhodes, Barbara (1994). At First - The Presbyterian Church in Tallahassee, Florida, 1828-1938. First Presbyterian Church, Tallahassee, Florida.
  • Sellers, Robin Jeanne (1995). Femina perfecta: The genesis of Florida State University. FSU Foundation. ISBN 0-9648374-1-2.

External links edit

  • Florida State University - Main Website
  • Florida State University - Official History
  • Exploring FSU's Past: A Public History Project, Fall 2006 2008-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
  • Florida State University Heritage & University Archives
  • FSU Institute on World War II and the Human Experience
  • State Archives of Florida

history, florida, state, university, history, florida, state, university, dates, 19th, century, deeply, intertwined, with, history, education, state, florida, city, tallahassee, florida, state, university, known, colloquially, florida, state, oldest, largest, . The history of Florida State University dates to the 19th century and is deeply intertwined with the history of education in the state of Florida and in the city of Tallahassee Florida State University known colloquially as Florida State and FSU is one of the oldest and largest of the institutions in the State University System of Florida 1 It traces its origins to the West Florida Seminary one of two state funded seminaries the Florida Legislature voted to establish in 1851 2 West Florida Seminary main building c 1880 Built in 1854 as the Florida Institute This building was replaced with College Hall in 1891 The Westcott Building now stands on this site the oldest site of higher education in FloridaThe West Florida Seminary also known as the Florida State Seminary 3 opened for classes in Tallahassee in 1857 absorbing the Florida Institute which had been established as an inducement for the state to place the seminary in the city 4 The former Florida Institute property located where the historic Westcott Building now stands is the oldest continuously used site of higher education in Florida The area slightly west of the state Capitol was formerly and ominously known as Gallows Hill a place for public executions in early Tallahassee 1 5 In 1858 the seminary absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy established in 1843 and became coeducational 6 In 1863 during the American Civil War Florida s Confederate government added a military school to the institution and changed its name to the Florida Military and Collegiate Institute The school fielded student soldiers into an organized unit of the institution which helped successfully repel a Union attack on Tallahassee at the Battle of Natural Bridge 7 In 1883 it became part of the Florida University the first state supported university to be founded in Florida 8 The university project struggled with a lack of legislative support and the seminary soon returned to its old name but focused increasingly on modern style secondary education In 1905 the Buckman Act restructured higher education in Florida and the school was reorganized as a college for white women the Florida State College for Women After World War II the school was made coeducational once again to help accommodate the influx of students entering college under the G I Bill and was renamed Florida State University It became racially integrated in 1963 and was noted as a center of student activism during the 1960s Through the 20th and 21st centuries Florida State University has grown in both size and academic prominence with a particular focus on graduate and doctoral research Contents 1 Founding 1 1 Leon Academy 1827 1840 1 2 Leon Academy for Males and Females Florida Institute Florida Seminary 1846 1891 2 Civil War and Reconstruction 2 1 First state university 1883 1901 2 2 Florida State College 1901 1905 3 Florida State College for Women 1905 1947 4 World War II changes 1945 1960 4 1 Hymns 5 Student activism and racial integration 6 Pathways of Excellence 7 2014 shooting 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External linksFounding edit nbsp Francis W Eppes VIIIn 1823 the United States Congress determined that the Florida Territory shall receive two seminaries of learning one on each side of the Suwannee River 9 By 1838 the first constitution of the Florida Territory embraced and permanently guaranteed a system of general education schools and higher education seminaries 10 nbsp First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee finished in 1839 near the FSU campusThroughout the history of Tallahassee strong energy and focus toward education originated with leaders and members of the First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee located near Florida State University The First Presbyterian Church building was built before 1838 and is the oldest public building in Tallahassee 11 For almost a century the First Presbyterian Church of Tallahassee would have a strong symbiotic relationship with the origin and development of the educational institution known today as Florida State University 12 Leon Academy 1827 1840 edit City officials of Tallahassee took steps to establish a school for boys as early as 1827 with the establishment of the Leon Academy 13 Leon Academy was advertised in the Pensacola Gazette of March 9 1827 as being under the supervision of Presbyterian Rev Henry M White A M 14 By early 1831 the Leon Academy was under the control of the Tallahassee City Council 15 Leon Academy was incorporated by an act of the Territorial Legislative Council on February 12 1831 under the control of seven trustees 16 The Leon Academy suffered from lack of financial resources as well as high administrative turnover and in September 1836 was operated by John M Brook of Virginia as a private Seminary for boys while the trustees continued to control and manage the property 14 By 1840 the Leon Academy ceased operations as a public school 14 The trustees however turned to the Territorial Legislature once again who passed an Act in Relation to the Trustees of Leon Academy in 1840 wherein the Treasurer of the Territory was directed to pay funds to the trustees to assist said Trustees in building an Academy 17 On March 9 1840 the Leon Academy had been refreshed with some Territory support 18 The trustees solicited Territory support on the basis the Leon Academy would serve both male and female students 14 There is disagreement among scholars if the male only Leon Academy is the forerunner of the West Florida Seminary 18 19 A point of agreement between the scholars is that the same leading citizens of Tallahassee were interested in both institutions 14 Leon Academy for Males and Females Florida Institute Florida Seminary 1846 1891 edit Leon Academy was replaced by schools for males and females in a system established by Reverend Joshua Phelps and Elder David C Wilson both of the First Presbyterian Church Princeton University educated Reverend William Neil and his wife Eliza Neil operated the academies for males and females which were merged in 1846 into a new version of the Leon Academy for Males and Females The Leon Academy later split into the Tallahassee Female Academy also known as the Leon Female Academy for females While organized public education for males faltered between 1840 and 1850 education for females was intact and unusually complete By January 1850 municipal elections in Tallahassee called for a city supported school for males and the Tallahassee City Council assumed financial responsibility for the Florida Institute the same year On January 24 1851 the Florida Legislature voted to establish West Florida Seminary which became Florida State University and East Florida Seminary which became the University of Florida 20 The 1851 law specified the organization and governing boards of the schools including terms of office for those boards and specified the nature and scope of instruction at each institution This law effectively established the joint charter for the two seminaries providing for their complete operation 21 It did not decide locations for the schools however leaving this to be awarded to the jurisdictions with the best offer of support 22 The Legislature concluded in Resolution No 25 of that year that each seminary would be awarded to the county or town that would provide the best combination of land buildings and money Three towns presented offers for the West Florida Seminary Tallahassee Marianna and Quincy The competition between the three soon became a bitter struggle between Marianna and Tallahassee for the West Florida Seminary By January 1853 the Legislature accepted Ocala s offer for the East Seminary and in the same law directed Governor James E Broome to appoint a special commission of six members from Middle and West Florida to decide upon the location of the West Seminary The matter had grown so contentious that neither Governor Broome nor the Commission members looked forward to the task and did little to resolve the contest The issue was then handed back to the Legislature where it was finally confronted In the meantime as an inducement to the Legislature the City Council of Tallahassee had built and funded an all male academy called the Florida Institute in Tallahassee 23 The Florida Institute was a resurrected version of the Leon Academy established in 1827 by Presbyterian Reverend Henry White 24 The subsequent law of 1851 establishing the Seminaries seemed an answer to the existing educational needs of Tallahassee when it passed the Legislature In 1854 the Tallahassee City Council offered to pay 10 000 to finance a new school building on land owned by the city in an attempt to bid on being the location of the seminary west of the Suwannee River Later in 1854 construction on a school building began and Tallahassee s city intendent W R Hayward approached the state legislature to present the case for the seminary to be in Tallahassee However state officials failed to make a decision regarding the location of the seminary before the end of the legislative session The building of the Florida Institute was regarded at the time as the handsomest edifice in Tallahassee and cost 6 172 00 at its completion in April 1855 Around 100 students enrolled in the school year 1855 1856 25 A group of citizens calling themselves the friends of the Institution planned to petition the Legislature to create the University of Florida from the Florida Institute 26 By 1856 the Tallahassee City Council had bid on being the location of the Seminary once again and this time had won The intendent was F W Eppes The Florida Institute became the West Florida Seminary The rise of land slightly west of the center of Tallahassee formerly known as Gallows Hill which was the site and building of the ongoing Florida Institute was offered and accepted as the western state seminary for male students The seminary officially held classes as a state institution in 1857 In 1858 it absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy begun in 1843 as the Misses Bates School thereby becoming co educational 27 The West Florida Seminary stood near the front of the Westcott Building on the existing FSU campus 28 This site is the oldest continually used location of higher learning in Florida 29 30 The eastern seminary was located in Ocala in 1853 and closed during the American Civil War It reopened in 1866 in Gainesville and would eventually be combined with other schools to form what would be called the University of the State of Florida in 1906 31 Civil War and Reconstruction edit nbsp William Denham West Florida Seminary cadet during the Civil WarDuring the American Civil War the name of the seminary was changed to The Florida Military and Collegiate Institute and began military training for students Young cadets from the school along with other soldiers from Tallahassee defeated Union forces at the Battle of Natural Bridge in 1865 7 32 The students were trained by Valentine Mason Johnson a graduate of Virginia Military Institute who was a professor of mathematics and the chief administrator of the college 33 By the end of the war Tallahassee was the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to fall to Union forces 34 The Army Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Florida State University is one of only four ROTC units in the United States with permission to display a campaign streamer 35 The streamer reads NATURAL BRIDGE 1865 After the fall of the Confederacy campus buildings were occupied by Union forces for over a month The West Florida Seminary reverted to a purely academic purpose after the war and began a period of substantial growth and development First state university 1883 1901 edit In 1883 West Florida Seminary became part of Florida University Florida s first state sponsored university 36 In January 1883 Reverend John Kost A M M D LL D of Michigan proposed to carry out the mandate of the 1868 Constitution requiring a state university Kost secured a charter from Governor William D Bloxham that merged West Florida Seminary and the Tallahassee College of Medicine and Surgery into a new institution known as Florida University 8 The West Florida Seminary became the institution s Literary College and was to contain several schools or departments in different disciplines 36 However in the new association the seminary s separate Charter and special organization were maintained 37 The charter also recognized three further colleges to be established at a later time a Law College a Theological Institute and a Polytechnic and Normal Institute 37 The Florida Legislature recognized the university under the title University of Florida in Spring 1885 but committed no additional financing or support 38 Without legislative support the university project struggled and the association dissolved when the medical college relocated to Jacksonville later that year 36 The Law Department was discontinued at the same time 39 122 123 The Florida Agricultural College in Lake City tried to revive interest in the university plan announcing its desire to merge with the University of Florida in 1886 and 1887 however nothing came of this at the time 38 By 1891 however President Edgar had developed a four year curriculum and a collegiate organization with freshmen sophomore junior and senior ranks The school s first Commencement under the name Florida State University took place from June 10 12 1891 40 The Tallahassee institution never assumed the University of Florida name 38 though the act recognizing it as such was not repealed until 1903 when the title was transferred to the Florida Agricultural College 38 41 The West Florida Seminary as it was still generally called continued to expand and thrive It shifted its focus increasingly towards modern style post secondary education awarding Licentiates of Instruction its first diplomas in 1884 and awarding Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1891 42 It had become Florida s first liberal arts college by 1897 Florida State College 1901 1905 edit nbsp Albert A Murphree President of Florida State College 1897 1909In 1901 the Seminary was reorganized into the Florida State College with four departments the College the College Academy the School for Teachers and the School of Music 42 President was Albert Alexander Murphree 43 89 Its aspiration was to be not only the foremost school of this State but to be classed in the first rank of the colleges of the South 39 7 In 1901 1902 there were nearly 300 Bona Fide Students from Twenty Eight Florida Counties and Six States 43 115 It awarded the B A degree emphasizing Greek and Latin the B Sc Degree emphasizing modern languages and physical sciences and the B L degree enphasizing English German and the Romance languages 43 115 According to its yearbook The Argo It had track baseball and football teams 43 72 78 in 1902 a women s basketball team was added 43 96 97 In the Normal School established three years ago seeing the sad condition of our public schools enrollment was 90 from almost every county in the state 39 37 Florida State College for Women 1905 1947 edit nbsp College Hall c 1903The 1905 Buckman Act reorganized the existing six Florida colleges into three institutions segregated by race and gender a school for white males University of Florida a school for white females Florida Female College and a school for both African American males and females State Normal School for Colored Students 44 By 1909 the name was again changed to the Florida State College for Women after the initial title was generally rejected Under the Buckman Act the State Normal School for Colored Students now Florida A amp M University became the college serving African Americans while the state s other four institutions the University of Florida at Lake City formerly Florida Agricultural College the East Florida Seminary in Gainesville the St Petersburg Normal and Industrial School in St Petersburg and the South Florida Military College in Bartow were merged into a school for white males known as the University of the State of Florida located in Gainesville The Buckman bill was the brainchild of Henry Holland Buckman a legislator from Duval County Florida It was hotly debated with one legislator saying in debate I believe in coeducation Statistics prove satisfactory to me that separate institutions for male and female is detrimental sic to both physically mentally and morally 45 Further according to Shira Birnbaum the Buckman Act didn t merely standardize consolidate and narrow opportunities for public higher education in Florida It also inaugurated an era of new school gender practices Right from the start in fact the Buckman Act s message to Florida s women was that the highest levels of educational attainment the advanced degrees and professional schools of a university education would be reserved for white males attending the new all male University of the State of Florida White women by contrast had to settle for a college Furthermore the Buckman Act mandated that the university would teach the fundamental laws and the rights and duties of citizens to its male students The college by contrast would teach all the useful arts and sciences that may be necessary or appropriate A dual discourse had been laid out one that framed education for white men as a matter of citizenship and education for white women as a matter of usefulness 46 A residence hall currently on the campus of the University of Florida bears the name Buckman Hall in honor of the legislator No equivalent building to date exists on the campus of Florida State University 47 Despite the impact of the Buckman Act Albert A Murphree then President of the Florida State College determined to stress liberal studies and academic performance 48 Florida State was the largest of the original two universities in Florida even during the period as the college for women 1905 to 1947 until 1919 49 By 1933 the Florida State College for Women had grown to be the third largest women s college in the United States 50 In 1935 the College was awarded the Alpha chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in Florida 51 52 The Florida State College for Women was the first state women s college in the South to be awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa as well as the first university in Florida to be so honored for academic quality 53 World War II changes 1945 1960 editAfter World War II returning soldiers taking advantage of the new G I Bill placed an unexpectedly heavy demand on the state university system The Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida TBUF was quickly opened on the campus of the Florida State College for Women 42 54 The men were housed in former barracks on Dale Mabry Field an existing WWII U S Army Air Force training field west of Tallahassee that was deactivated in part after the war Male students were then enrolled into the Florida State College for Women and traveled to the main campus by bus Part of Dale Mabry Field became known as West Campus during this brief period By the end of the 1946 1947 school year 954 men were enrolled in the TBUF program By 1947 the Florida Legislature returned the FSCW to coeducational status and renamed the Florida State College for Women the Florida State University 55 The FSU West Campus land and barracks plus other areas continually used as an airport later became the location of the Tallahassee Community College The 1950s brought substantial growth and development to the university Several colleges were added and the first Ph D was awarded in Chemistry by 1952 citation needed Many buildings recognizable today when were added to the university such as the Strozier Library Tully Gymnasium and the original parts of the Business building citation needed Programs supplementing the original liberal arts and education departments were added including Business Journalism discontinued in 1959 Library Science Nursing and Social Welfare citation needed Social Welfare was later split into the College of Criminology and the College of Social Work citation needed Hymns edit In 1947 The Florida Flambeau held a contest for a song to become the school s alma mater High O er the Towering Pines was written by Johnny Lawrence and submitted to the competition The song was announced as the winner of the competition on November 21 1947 but was not officially made the alma mater until 1949 citation needed The Hymn to the Garnet and the Gold was originally written by J Dayton Smith for chorus and was first premiered by the Collegians at the 1950 Homecoming In 1958 Charlie Carter arranged the piece for the Marching Chiefs and it was performed as the closer to the Homecoming show cementing it as a Homecoming tradition at Florida State 56 The 1950 Homecoming half time show included a dedication ceremony naming the stadium in honor of university President Doak Campbell There was also a special performance by the band christening it the Marching Chiefs and premiering the FSU Fight Song Student Doug Alley wrote the lyrics to the fight song as a poem which first appeared in the Florida Flambeau Professor of music Thomas Wright saw the poem in the newspaper and wrote a melody to it as he was inspired by the surge of school spirit 57 Thomas Wright grants rights to the song in exchange for two season tickets every year 58 59 Fifty years later the FSU Fight Song is one of the most widely recognized college tunes in the country Mission Control used the Fight Song to awaken alumnus and current professor Norm Thagard one morning in 1983 while he was aboard the Challenger spacecraft 60 Student activism and racial integration edit nbsp Student protest in Tallahassee 1970During the 1960s and 1970s Florida State University was known as a center of student activism especially in the areas of racial integration women s rights and the Vietnam War The school acquired the nickname Berkeley of the South 61 during this period in reference to similar student activities at the University of California Berkeley and is also purported to be the site of the genesis of streaking which is said to have first been observed on Landis Green 62 63 better source needed Governor Claude Kirk appeared unexpectedly one morning with a chair and spent the day with little escort or fanfare on Landis Green discussing politics with protesting students Elements of free speech activism still exist at FSU today The Center for Participant Education was established in 1970 as an alternative to traditional university academics Its purpose is to allow students to explore socially relevant topics and to foster a healthier philosophy of education through classes in which anyone could teach or attend Its first catalog was designed by FSU student James Clement van Pelt who founded the Miccosukee Land Co op in Tallahassee three years later with other FSU students and faculty Since then CPE has been investigated by the Legislature suspended by the Board of Regents and challenged by FSU administration CPE has managed to hold strong through all of this and remains today as one of the last free universities in the country 64 Florida State also established the Institute of Molecular Biophysics Space Biosciences and the Programs in Medical Studies After many years as a segregated university and partly due to the efforts of students starting in the late 1950s including sit ins and an application to attend Florida A amp M University by FSU student Alan Breitler in 1960 65 in 1962 Maxwell Courtney became the first African American undergraduate student admitted to Florida State 66 In 1968 Calvin Patterson became the first African American player for the Florida State University football team 67 Tallahassee and Florida State were difficult places for African Americans even as late as 1968 When Calvin Patterson a star player from Miami signed with the Florida State Seminoles he endured insults and threats from the beginning Tallahassee at the time was very much still rooted in the Old South as Patterson was neither accepted by many white students and fans at FSU nor the black students at nearby historically black Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University who viewed Patterson as a traitor 67 A 2017 study by The Education Trust examining data from 2014 found that Florida State University ranked in the top 20 colleges in the country in graduation rates among African American students About 75 of African American students who make up 8 4 of FSU students graduate within six years compared to a national average of 40 68 Pathways of Excellence editThe strategic vision of Florida State University known as Pathways of Excellence changed in September 2005 as the result of an evaluation of FSU s academic productivity and recognition as viewed in the context of the Phase I and Phase II indicators for membership in the Association of American Universities AAU and the standards used by the National Research Council for evaluating doctoral programs 69 The task group made recommendations on which FSU President Wetherell acted which are intended to transform the overall academic quality and scholarly productivity of the university The faculty group created specific goals for the university which include investment in new university faculty hired in academic clusters 70 focused principally on doctoral level research Coupled with this investment in 200 new faculty members is an expansion of the physical infrastructure of the university 71 To date new construction is underway or recently completed for a new Experimental Social Science Laboratory a College of Medicine Research Building a new Psychology Building a new Chemistry Building a new Life Sciences Teaching and Research Building and a new Materials Research Building Concurrently other existing research facilities at the university have been renovated including the Nancy Smith Fichter Dance Theatre the Kasha Laboratory of the Institute of Molecular Biophysics plus enhancements to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and a new Applied Superconductivity Center 2014 shooting editOn November 20 2014 a gunman armed with a 380 semiautomic pistol identified as 31 year old Myron May shot an employee and two students at Strozier Library on the university campus shortly after midnight He was a lawyer former prosecutor and an alumnus of the university He sent a message to a friend I do not want to die in vain as he feared that U S government stalkers were using a direct energy weapon to hurt him His social media indicated that he was one of a number of people driven to violence who believed he was a targeted individual attacked by mind control and invisible weapons He was fatally shot by responding police officers after he began shooting at them outside Strozier Library After the shooting it was revealed that May had mailed a total of ten packages to friends throughout the country beforehand the contents of the packages were harmless 72 73 74 See also edit nbsp Education portal nbsp Florida portalBurning Spear Society Florida State Seminoles History of Florida List of Florida State University people List of presidents of Florida State UniversityReferences edit a b Office of University Communications September 23 2009 About Florida State History www fsu edu Retrieved July 12 2010 Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University Part I by William G Dodd p 13 The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 1 July 1948 Retrieved 2014 07 16 Coles David J 1999 Florida s Seed Corn The History of the West Florida Seminary During the Civil War The Florida Historical Quarterly 77 3 Florida Historical Quarterly 77 302 JSTOR 30147582 Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University Part II by William G Dodd p 158 9 The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 2 October 1948 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 22 February 2010 Retrieved July 12 2010 Hare Julianne 2002 05 01 Tallahassee A Capital City History p 42 Julianne Hare Arcadia Publishing May 1 2002 ISBN 978 0 7385 2371 2 Retrieved 2009 07 07 Book Review Gone with the Hickory Stick School Days in Marion County 1845 1960 p 122 The Florida Historical Quarterly Volume LV Number 3 January 1977 PDF Retrieved July 12 2010 a b Florida Timeline Archived from the original on April 4 2007 Retrieved 2007 10 09 State Library and Archives of Florida The Florida Memory Project Timeline see 1865 Retrieved on 4 29 2007 a b Calendar of the Florida University Organization Retrieved 2009 02 24 p 30 History of Education in Florida George Gary Bush Ph D Washington GPO 1889 Retrieved 2009 07 07 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2007 06 24 Retrieved 2007 05 28 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link State Library and Archives of Florida The Florida Memory Project Florida Constitution of 1838 Article X Education Section 1 The proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted by the United States for the use of Schools and a Seminary or Seminaries of learning shall be and remain a perpetual fund the interest of which together with all monies derived from any other source applicable to the same object shall be inviolably appropriated to the use of Schools and Seminaries of learning respectively and to no other purpose Section 2 The General Assembly shall take such measures as may be necessary to preserve from waste or damage all land so granted and appropriated to the purposes of Education Retrieved on 5 25 2007 An Historical Sketch of the Sanctuary First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee Archived from the original on 2008 01 16 Retrieved 2007 11 14 An Historical Sketch Of the Sanctuary First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee Florida Retrieved on 2 10 2008 At First The Presbyterian Church in Tallahassee Florida 1828 1938 p 111 Barbara Rhodes Copyright 1994 First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee FL Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary now Florida State University Part I by William G Dodd p 3 The Florida Historical Quarterly volume 27 issue 1 July 1948 Retrieved 2010 08 03 a b c d e Dodd July 1948 supra Dodd July 1948 p 4 Dodd July 1948 p 5 Dodd July 1948 p 6 a b Dodd July 1948 p 7 Knauss James O Education in Florida 1821 1829 page 26 Florida Historical Quarterly volume 3 No 4 1925 Florida Timeline Archived from the original on 2007 04 04 Retrieved 2007 10 09 State Library and Archives of Florida The Florida Memory Project Timeline see 1851 Retrieved on 4 28 2007 Dodd William George History of West Florida Seminary page 1 Florida State University 1952 Dodd 2005 p 1 1 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection Original building of the all male Florida Institute one predecessor of the West Florida Seminary Archives metadata The male academy Built in 1854 by the city as an inducement for the legislature to name Tallahassee as the site of the Seminary West of the Suwanee Operated as the Florida Institute until it became West Florida Seminary in 1857 Retrieved on 4 29 2007 Dodd William G 1952 History of West Florida Seminary Tallahassee Florida State University p 10 Dodd July 1948 p 25 Dodd July 1948 p 26 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2006 09 03 Retrieved 2007 04 28 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Florida State University Libraries John L DeMilly Papers 1877 1879 Historical Note Retrieved on 4 28 2007 2 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection Map showing location of the West Florida Seminary published 1885 Archives metadata No 3 was the seminary Built in 1854 In use 1857 when classes began until 1891 when it was remolded to College Hall Retrieved on 4 29 2007 3 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection West Florida Seminary c 1884 Archives metadata Building given to the seminary at its inception 1857 for classes Destroyed in 1891 to make way for College Hall Retrieved on 4 29 2007 4 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection College Hall at the West Florida Seminary c 1898 Archives metadata Constructed in 1891 Replaced by Westcott in 1909 Retrieved on 4 29 2007 5 Text adapted from Historic Gainesville A Tour Guide to the Past Ben Pickard ed Historic Gainesville Inc Gainesville FL 1991 48 pp Copyright by Historic Gainesville Inc Retrieved on 4 29 2007 6 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection West Florida Seminary Cadets published c 187 Archive metadata West Florida Seminary cadets taking a break Retrieved on 4 29 2007 Valentine Mason Johnson pugknows com Retrieved 2008 12 22 State Library and Archives of Florida The Florida Memory Project Timeline 1865 Archived from the original on 2009 06 07 Retrieved 2009 08 26 The other three programs are the Virginia Military Institute VMI for the Battle of New Market The Citadel for the defense of Charleston and other engagements and The University of Mississippi for the defense of Vicksburg a b c Bush George Gary 1889 History of Education in Florida Washington Government Printing Office pp 46 47 Retrieved July 19 2010 a b Constitutional Convention Florida June 9 1885 Journal of the Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Florida p 21 Harvard College Library Retrieved July 19 2010 a b c d Armstrong Orland Kay c 1928 The Life and Work of Dr A A Murphree p 40 Retrieved July 19 2010 a b c Florida State College Argo 3 Students of Florida State College 1903 Dodd History of West Florida State Seminary p 82 7 History of Florida State University Office of the Dean of the Faculties September 5 2001 The following quote from the 1903 Florida State College Catalogue adds an interesting footnote to this period In 1883 the institution now long officially known as the West Florida Seminary was organized by the Board of Education as The Literary College of the University of Florida Owing to lack of means for the support of this more ambitious project and also owing to the fact that soon thereafter schools for technical training were established this association soon dissolved It remains to be remarked however that the legislative act passed in 1885 bestowing upon the institution the title of the University of Florida has never been repealed The more pretentious name is not assumed by the college owing to the fact that it does not wish to misrepresent its resources and purposes Retrieved July 19 2010 a b c About Florida State History Office of University Communications September 23 2009 Retrieved July 19 2010 a b c d e Florida State College Argo 2 Students of Florida State College 1902 8 State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection Westcott Building at the Florida State College for Women published 193 Archives metadata Fountain and Westcott Building at Florida State College for Women Retrieved on 4 29 2007 9 Shira Birnbaum Making Southern belles in progressive era Florida Gender in the formal and hidden curriculum of the Florida Female College p 7 Frontiers A Journal of Women Studies Vol 16 No 2 3 Gender Nations and Nationalisms 1996 pp 218 246 doi 10 2307 3346809 Retrieved on 7 02 2007 10 Shira Birnbaum Making Southern belles in progressive era Florida Gender in the formal and hidden curriculum of the Florida Female College p 8 Frontiers A Journal of Women Studies Vol 16 No 2 3 Gender Nations and Nationalisms 1996 pp 218 246 doi 10 2307 3346809 Retrieved on 7 02 2007 11 Florida State University Campus Map Retrieved on 7 02 2007 Women and Science at FSU Archived from the original on 2007 07 13 Retrieved 2007 07 03 Florida State University Women and Science at FSU Retrieved on 7 02 2007 Florida Board of Governors SUS Headcount Enrollment 1905 Present Retrieved 2009 05 18 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2007 06 14 Retrieved 2007 04 30 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Florida State University Libraries Special Collections Department Inventory of the Florida State College for Women Surveys and Reports MSS2003003 Biographical Historical Notes Created by Amy McDonald Copyright Florida State University Libraries 2004 Retrieved on 4 30 2007 Alpha of Florida Phi Beta Kappa Archived from the original on 2004 08 14 Retrieved 2007 07 06 Alpha of Florida Phi Beta Kappa Retrieved on 4 29 2007 12 Archived 2007 09 27 at the Wayback Machine Phi Beta Kappa Chronology of Chapters Retrieved on 5 23 2007 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2006 09 03 Retrieved 2007 04 30 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Florida State University Libraries Special Collections Department Inventory of the Florida State College for Women Florida State University Phi Beta Kappa Alpha of Florida Chapter MSS2005 014 Biographical Historical Notes Created by Erin VanClay Copyright Florida State University Libraries 09 2005 Retrieved on 4 30 2007 Image Tbuf rc01381 jpg State Library and Archives of Florida Florida Photographic Collection Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida at the Florida State College for Women c 1946 Archives metadata The first 507 students went to register for the TBUF program 1946 47 They were enrolled at Florida State College for Women in 1946 TBUF was created to serve men returning from World War II because there was no room at the state men s college the University of Florida They were the first men on campus since 1905 Retrieved on 4 30 2007 13 Personal history of Mary Lou Norwood FSCW FSU Alumna transitional Class of 1947 FSU webpage She graduated in the transitional class of 1947 when FSCW became the coeducational Florida State University She was a member of the only class for which both institutional names appear on the diploma Retrieved on 4 30 2007 Davis Hannah 22 September 2015 What s in a song The many melodies of FSU Illuminations Heritage Protocol amp University Archives Retrieved 30 October 2015 Florida State University A History of Traditions Page 26 The FSU Fight Song FSU Student Government Association 9 August 2010 Retrieved October 11 2011 Florida State University Fight Song lyrics by Doug Alley music by Thomas Wright Archived from the original on 2007 06 14 Retrieved 2007 05 25 The History of the War Chant Archived from the original on 2007 04 01 Retrieved 2007 05 28 FSU 150th Anniversary History Co Education Returns Fight Song Archived from the original on 2008 04 18 Retrieved 2008 04 23 14 Florida State University News Archive Events Retrieved on 4 30 2007 Compression Archived from the original on 2007 02 27 Retrieved 2007 06 29 Florida State Times On Line April May 1997 Compression c 1997 Florida State Times Streaking an FSU First One of the more notorious fads of the 1970s began on the campus of Florida State Streaking which swept the nation in the 1970s was started in 1974 when about 200 FSU students decided to run naked across the campus one mild March evening Retrieved on 6 29 2007 15 Tallahassee Naturally Inc c 2005 by Tallahassee Naturally Inc All rights reserved January 15 1974 was a slow day at the Florida Flambeau So the editor persuaded four male FSU students to streak naked across Woodward Avenue and the tennis courts on into a waiting getaway car Within weeks the streaking fad had spread across campuses nationwide To uphold their record as Number 1 FSU students staged mass nude evening rallies in front of the library But the fad quickly passed and everyone forgot that it had started in Tallahassee Retrieved on 6 29 2007 16 Florida State University Center for Participant Education Retrieved on 4 30 2007 White Student To Seek Fla A amp M U Enrollment Jet Vol 17 no 18 February 20 1960 p 51 FSU Black Alumni Association pays tribute to first black student FSU com January 30 2004 Archived from the original on 2007 08 08 Retrieved 2008 04 20 a b Walk With Me Sports Illustrated November 16 2005 Retrieved 2008 04 20 dead link Dean Heller FSU gets high marks for black graduation rate FSU Communications March 2 2017 Pathways of Excellence Archived from the original on 2007 07 02 Retrieved 2007 07 06 Florida State University Pathways of Excellence Retrieved on 5 27 2007 Pathways of Excellence Archived from the original on 2007 06 13 Retrieved 2007 07 06 Florida State University Pathways of Excellence Round 2 Academic Cluster Proposals Retrieved on 5 27 2007 Pathways of Excellence Archived from the original on 2007 07 02 Retrieved 2007 07 06 Florida State University Pathways of Excellence New Facilities Retrieved on 5 27 2007 Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched By ASHLEY SOUTHALL and TIMOTHY WILLIAMS NOV 20 2014 FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting contents not dangerous NBC News NOV 22 2014 FSU Shooter Myron May Left Message I Do Not Want to Die in Vain by TRACY CONNORBibliography editAdams Alfred Hugh 1962 A History of Public Higher Education in Florida 1821 1961 Florida State University Bush George G 1898 History of Education in Florida Washington D C U S Bureau of Education Circular of Information 1888 7 Campbell Doak Sheridan 1964 A University in Transition Florida State College for Women and Florida State University 1941 1957 Florida State University Dodd William George 1948 Early Education in Tallahassee and the West Florida Seminary Now Florida State University Florida Historical Quarterly XXVII 1 27 Dodd William George 1952 History of West Florida Seminary Florida State University B0007E7WRS Dodd William George 1952 West Florida Seminary 1857 1901 Florida State College 1901 1905 Tallahassee Dodd William George 1958 1959 Florida State College for Women Notes on the Formative Years 1905 1920 With a Postscript The Twenties and Epilogue The Forties 1940 1944 Tallahassee Marshall J Stanley 2006 The Tumultuous Sixties Campus Unrest and Student Life at a Southern University Tallahassee Sentry Press ISBN 1 889574 25 2 McGrotha Bill 1987 Seminoles The First Forty Years Tallahassee Democrat ISBN 0 9613040 1 4 Rhodes Barbara 1994 At First The Presbyterian Church in Tallahassee Florida 1828 1938 First Presbyterian Church Tallahassee Florida Sellers Robin Jeanne 1995 Femina perfecta The genesis of Florida State University FSU Foundation ISBN 0 9648374 1 2 External links editFlorida State University Main Website Florida State University Official History Exploring FSU s Past A Public History Project Fall 2006 Archived 2008 01 24 at the Wayback Machine Florida State University Heritage amp University Archives FSU Institute on World War II and the Human Experience State Archives of Florida Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title History of Florida State University amp oldid 1218055505 Hymns, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.