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Everett Dean Martin

November 10, 2023

Everett Dean Martin (July 5, 1880 – May 10, 1941) was an American minister, writer, journalist, instructor, lecturer, social psychologist, social philosopher, and an advocate of adult education.[1] He was an instructor and lecturer at The New School for Social Research in New York City from 1921 to 1929, and served on the board of directors of The New School from 1925 to 1932.[2] He was the final director of the People's Institute[3] of Cooper Union in New York City from 1922 to 1934. Martin was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, on July 5, 1880. Graduating with honors at the age of 24 from Illinois College in Jacksonville, he moved on to Chicago, attending McCormick Theological Seminary from 1904 until his ordination as a Congregational Minister in 1907.[4] Martin received a Litt.D. (Doctor of Letters) degree from Illinois College in 1907.[5] He was best known for his advocacy of the liberal education of adults, which he saw as "an antidote to both the irrationality of the crowd and the power of propaganda."[6]

Martin in 1934

Personal life edit

In 1907, he married Esther W. Kirk of Jacksonville, Illinois. They had three children: Mary, Margaret, and Elizabeth.[7]

From 1906 to 1908, Martin was pastor of the First Congregational Church (now called The First Church of Lombard) of Lombard, Illinois.[8][9] From 1908 to 1911, Martin was pastor of the People's Church in Dixon, Illinois.[9] Martin was minister of the First Unitarian Church of Des Moines, Iowa, 1911-1915 [10][11]

Martin was a featured columnist for the Des Moines Register during the years 1914–1915.[12]

In 1915, his successful life took a radical shift in course. He divorced his wife of eight years and left the professional ministry. He moved to New York and began writing for the New York Globe.[13] Over the next 20 years, Martin developed into a successful writer and forged a national reputation as a charismatic public lecturer, often attracting a crowd of a thousand or more at the People's Institute, a major center for adult education in New York City.[14] Martin's second marriage in 1915 to Persis Eastman Rowell also ended in divorce, they had one son, Everett Eastman Martin.[7]

Commentary on the early 20th century edit

In The Behavior of Crowds (1920), his first nationally reviewed book, he posed what he saw as the dilemma of the modern age: a technological information revolution that made it possible, in the absence of an adequate educational system, to influence ignorant men and women with propaganda and half-truths. Unscrupulous demagogues, corrupt politicians, manipulative advertisers, and revolutionary ideologues found ready-made audiences when they appealed to the baser (a subconscious urge, behavior, or intuition directed by primeval, animalistic, self-serving, and/or ignoble motivations) instincts.[4]

Martin was a classical, individualistic liberal, in the tradition of the Renaissance humanists and the authors of The Federalist Papers. He believed in restrained government and in the self-selection of intellectually promising students through appropriate programs of adult education.

His most famous and widely read work, The Meaning of a Liberal Education, appeared in 1926, the same year he helped found the American Association for Adult Education.[4] When his book, The Meaning of a Liberal Education was released in 1926, Frederick Paul Keppel, the president of the Carnegie Corporation proclaimed it as "the most important contribution to the understanding of adult education… this far in the United States."[15] In March 1928, John Dewey responded to a request from Marie Mattingly Meloney, editor of the New York Herald-Tribune Sunday Magazine, and offered his recommendations on recently published texts on education. Dewey wrote, "I think the best educational books of recent publication are…Martin, The Meaning of a Liberal Education. This was not the first time Dewey recommended Everett Dean Martin's book. In 1927, the editors of the Journal of the National Education Association approached Dewey and asked, "What book have you recently found especially worthwhile? Something that you have read easily, eagerly, and with profit, either in the field of education or out of it." Dewey identified two books; one of them was Martin's The Meaning of a Liberal Education.[14]

Appointments edit

From 1919 to 1922, Martin served as chairman of The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures.[6]

Martin was an instructor and lecturer at The New School for Social Research in New York City from 1921 to 1929, and served on the board of directors of The New School from 1925 to 1932.[2] He taught classes in sociology, psychology, social behavior, and adult education.[2] At The New School, Martin taught alongside other prominent intellectuals of the day including, Alfred Adler, Norman Angell, Harry Elmer Barnes, Charles Austin Beard, Edwin Grant Conklin, Herbert J. Davenport, John Dewey, Lawrence K. Frank, Felix Frankfurter, Alexander Goldenweiser, Joseph Jastrow, Alvin Saunders Johnson, Horace Kallen, Alfred Kreymborg, Eduard C. Lindeman, Walter Lippmann, Frederick Macaulay, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Gorham Munson, Moissaye Joseph Olgin, Harry Allen Overstreet, James Harvey Robinson, Mark Van Doren, Thorstein Veblen, and Leo Wolman.[16][2]

Among the courses Martin taught at The New School between 1921 and 1929 were: Introduction to Social Psychology, Fundamental Problems in Adult Education, The Process of Adult Learning, Psychology and the Problems of Social Behavior, Some Applications of Social Psychology, Studies on Social Behavior, and Psychological Problems of Social Reconstruction.[2] An example of Martin's lecture topics in from a 1925 course on social philosophy taught at The New School include: The Psychology of the Crowd; The So-Called Group Mind; Has Man a Social or "Herd" Instinct?; The Psychology of Mass Appeal; Leadership in the Crowd; Reform Legislation; The Present Industrial Transition.[2]

Why is this seminal individual virtually ignored amidst the ranks of the founders of the adult education movement? Apparently Martin's wholehearted commitment to liberal education has placed him in juxtaposition with the early proponents of practical education in the eyes of contemporary scholars. Here is an individual virtually dismissed not only in the history of adult education, but also in the contemporary exploration of adult education."[13]

Among those recruited to the programs of the People's Institute[3] of Cooper Union during Martin's tenure as Director (1926-1934) had been Mortimer Adler, Scott Buchanan, Will Durant, Clifton Fadiman, and Hilda Worthington Smith, all soon to surpass Martin in fame and influence. Yet, in his heyday, Martin was regarded as one of the leading figures in adult education in the United States.[4]

Morse A. Cartwright, who was the Executive Director of the American Association for Adult Education from its founding in 1926 to its ultimate dissolution and transformation in 1949, considered Martin to be the "spiritual father" of the association in particular and of the entire movement in general.[17] Cartwright went on to say in his eulogy for Martin, published in the Journal of Adult Education, that:

". . . Thousands who had heard him lecture in all parts of the United States, more thousands who had read his numerous books and articles on philosophical and psychological subjects, and the large audience which for years listened to his notable Friday night addresses and discussions in the Great Hall of Cooper Union in New York, all attested to the challenging qualities of his mind and heart."[17]

In 1934 Martin was asked to direct the Department of Social Philosophy at the Cooper Union in New York through a $15,000 per year grant from the Carnegie Corporation through his long-time friend Frederick Paul Keppel. Martin remained in this position until 1936 when he accepted an opportunity to move to California and direct an experimental program in teaching at Claremont Colleges.[13]

Martin was a professor of social psychology at Scripps College in Claremont, California, from 1936 up until his death in 1941.

Death edit

Martin died on May 10, 1941, of a heart attack in Claremont, California at the age of 60.[4] Martin's third wife, Daphne Crane Drake, whom he married in 1931, survived him.[7] Mrs. Everett Dean Martin (Daphne Crane Drake) was a former president of the Child Study Association of America (1934).[18][19][20]

Selected works edit

  • The Behavior of Crowds (1920)
  • The Mob Mind Vs. Civil Liberty (1920)
  • The Mystery of Religion (1924)
  • Psychology: What it has to Teach You about Yourself and Your World (1924)
  • The Meaning of a Liberal Education (1926)
  • Are We Victims of Propaganda, Our Invisible Masters: A Debate with Edward Bernays, The Forum, pp. 142-150, March 1929 (1929)[21]
  • Liberty (1930)
  • The Conflict of the Individual and the Mass (1932)
  • Civilizing Ourselves: Intellectual Maturity in the Modern World (1932)
  • Psychology and Its Use (1933)
  • Farewell to Revolution (1935)
  • Philosophical Background of Current Economic and Social Problems (1938)
  • Some Principles of Political Behavior (1939)
  • A Philosophical Analysis of the Present World Conflict (1940)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Michael J. Day, "A primary source for Everett Dean Martin's agenda for adult education" http://roghiemstra.com/day.html
  2. ^ a b c d e f "The New School Archives : Digital Collections". digitalarchives.library.newschool.edu.
  3. ^ a b "People's Institute (New York, N.Y.) - Social Networks and Archival Context".
  4. ^ a b c d e Everett Dean Martin: liberal in adult education|https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42589283.pdf
  5. ^ The Stanford Daily, Volume 83a, Issue 15, 15 August 1933
  6. ^ a b Rose, A.D. (1999). Everett Dean Martin. In J.A. a. C. Garraty, Mark C. (Ed.), American National Biography (Vol. 14, pp. 589-591). New York: Oxford University Press.
  7. ^ a b c Hannan, Caryn, Illinois Biographical Dictionary, 2008-2009 Edition, Volume One., State History Publications, 2008.
  8. ^ "2016".
  9. ^ a b "adulteducationcontributors [licensed for non-commercial use only] / 58 Everett Dean Martin". adulteducationcontributors.pbworks.com.
  10. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 2017-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "First Unitarian Church of Des Moines - A Unitarian Universalist Church". First Unitarian Church of Des Moines.
  12. ^ "A Primary Source for Everett Dean Martin's Agnda for Adult Education".
  13. ^ a b c Steven B. Frye, "Everett Dean Martin: Misunderstood Champion of Adult Education," Carson-Newman Studies, Vol. X, No 3, Fall 2004, pp. 84-98, ISSN 1081-7727.
  14. ^ a b Michael Day and Clifford P. Harbour, The Philosopher and the Lecturer: John Dewey, Everett Dean Martin, and Reflective Thinking., Education and Culture, Vol. 29 (1), 2013, pp.105-124.
  15. ^ Day, M., J, & Seckinger, D. (1987, May 21–23). Everett Dean Martin: Spiritual leader of the adult education movement in the United States. Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference Proceedings, Laramie, Wyoming.
  16. ^ The Survey, "The New School, A Laboratory of Social Sciences." (Advertisement), Volume 46, August 16th, 1921.
  17. ^ a b Morse A. Cartwright, "Everett Dean Martin," Journal of Adult Education, 13 (1941): 324
  18. ^ "Bank Street Archives".
  19. ^ "Child Study Association of America – Statement of Purpose 1913". 27 March 2013.
  20. ^ "Child Study Association of America - Social Networks and Archival Context".
  21. ^ http://postflaviana.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/martin-bernays-debate.pdf[bare URL PDF]

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Everett Dean Martin.
  • Works by Everett Dean Martin at Project Gutenberg
  • adulteducationcontributors [licensed for non-commercial use only] / 58 Everett Dean Martin
  • A Primary Source for Everett Dean Martin's Agnda for Adult Education
  • Everett Dean Martin (Martin, Everett Dean, 1880-1941) | The Online Books Page
  • My Thoughts Are Free: EVERETT DEAN MARTIN
  • The Behavior of Crowds, A Psychological Study. Everett Dean Martin
  • The Philosopher and the Lecturer: John Dewey, Everett Dean Martin, and Reflective Thinking
  • [permanent dead link] Great Thoughts Treasury
  • Everett Dean Martin Books - Biography and List of Works - Author of 'Liberty'

November 10, 2023
everett, dean, martin, july, 1880, 1941, american, minister, writer, journalist, instructor, lecturer, social, psychologist, social, philosopher, advocate, adult, education, instructor, lecturer, school, social, research, york, city, from, 1921, 1929, served, . Everett Dean Martin July 5 1880 May 10 1941 was an American minister writer journalist instructor lecturer social psychologist social philosopher and an advocate of adult education 1 He was an instructor and lecturer at The New School for Social Research in New York City from 1921 to 1929 and served on the board of directors of The New School from 1925 to 1932 2 He was the final director of the People s Institute 3 of Cooper Union in New York City from 1922 to 1934 Martin was born in Jacksonville Illinois on July 5 1880 Graduating with honors at the age of 24 from Illinois College in Jacksonville he moved on to Chicago attending McCormick Theological Seminary from 1904 until his ordination as a Congregational Minister in 1907 4 Martin received a Litt D Doctor of Letters degree from Illinois College in 1907 5 He was best known for his advocacy of the liberal education of adults which he saw as an antidote to both the irrationality of the crowd and the power of propaganda 6 Martin in 1934 Contents 1 Personal life 2 Commentary on the early 20th century 3 Appointments 4 Death 5 Selected works 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksPersonal life editIn 1907 he married Esther W Kirk of Jacksonville Illinois They had three children Mary Margaret and Elizabeth 7 From 1906 to 1908 Martin was pastor of the First Congregational Church now called The First Church of Lombard of Lombard Illinois 8 9 From 1908 to 1911 Martin was pastor of the People s Church in Dixon Illinois 9 Martin was minister of the First Unitarian Church of Des Moines Iowa 1911 1915 10 11 Martin was a featured columnist for the Des Moines Register during the years 1914 1915 12 In 1915 his successful life took a radical shift in course He divorced his wife of eight years and left the professional ministry He moved to New York and began writing for the New York Globe 13 Over the next 20 years Martin developed into a successful writer and forged a national reputation as a charismatic public lecturer often attracting a crowd of a thousand or more at the People s Institute a major center for adult education in New York City 14 Martin s second marriage in 1915 to Persis Eastman Rowell also ended in divorce they had one son Everett Eastman Martin 7 Commentary on the early 20th century editIn The Behavior of Crowds 1920 his first nationally reviewed book he posed what he saw as the dilemma of the modern age a technological information revolution that made it possible in the absence of an adequate educational system to influence ignorant men and women with propaganda and half truths Unscrupulous demagogues corrupt politicians manipulative advertisers and revolutionary ideologues found ready made audiences when they appealed to the baser a subconscious urge behavior or intuition directed by primeval animalistic self serving and or ignoble motivations instincts 4 Martin was a classical individualistic liberal in the tradition of the Renaissance humanists and the authors of The Federalist Papers He believed in restrained government and in the self selection of intellectually promising students through appropriate programs of adult education His most famous and widely read work The Meaning of a Liberal Education appeared in 1926 the same year he helped found the American Association for Adult Education 4 When his book The Meaning of a Liberal Education was released in 1926 Frederick Paul Keppel the president of the Carnegie Corporation proclaimed it as the most important contribution to the understanding of adult education this far in the United States 15 In March 1928 John Dewey responded to a request from Marie Mattingly Meloney editor of the New York Herald Tribune Sunday Magazine and offered his recommendations on recently published texts on education Dewey wrote I think the best educational books of recent publication are Martin The Meaning of a Liberal Education This was not the first time Dewey recommended Everett Dean Martin s book In 1927 the editors of the Journal of the National Education Association approached Dewey and asked What book have you recently found especially worthwhile Something that you have read easily eagerly and with profit either in the field of education or out of it Dewey identified two books one of them was Martin s The Meaning of a Liberal Education 14 Appointments editFrom 1919 to 1922 Martin served as chairman of The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures 6 Martin was an instructor and lecturer at The New School for Social Research in New York City from 1921 to 1929 and served on the board of directors of The New School from 1925 to 1932 2 He taught classes in sociology psychology social behavior and adult education 2 At The New School Martin taught alongside other prominent intellectuals of the day including Alfred Adler Norman Angell Harry Elmer Barnes Charles Austin Beard Edwin Grant Conklin Herbert J Davenport John Dewey Lawrence K Frank Felix Frankfurter Alexander Goldenweiser Joseph Jastrow Alvin Saunders Johnson Horace Kallen Alfred Kreymborg Eduard C Lindeman Walter Lippmann Frederick Macaulay Wesley Clair Mitchell Gorham Munson Moissaye Joseph Olgin Harry Allen Overstreet James Harvey Robinson Mark Van Doren Thorstein Veblen and Leo Wolman 16 2 Among the courses Martin taught at The New School between 1921 and 1929 were Introduction to Social Psychology Fundamental Problems in Adult Education The Process of Adult Learning Psychology and the Problems of Social Behavior Some Applications of Social Psychology Studies on Social Behavior and Psychological Problems of Social Reconstruction 2 An example of Martin s lecture topics in from a 1925 course on social philosophy taught at The New School include The Psychology of the Crowd The So Called Group Mind Has Man a Social or Herd Instinct The Psychology of Mass Appeal Leadership in the Crowd Reform Legislation The Present Industrial Transition 2 Why is this seminal individual virtually ignored amidst the ranks of the founders of the adult education movement Apparently Martin s wholehearted commitment to liberal education has placed him in juxtaposition with the early proponents of practical education in the eyes of contemporary scholars Here is an individual virtually dismissed not only in the history of adult education but also in the contemporary exploration of adult education 13 Among those recruited to the programs of the People s Institute 3 of Cooper Union during Martin s tenure as Director 1926 1934 had been Mortimer Adler Scott Buchanan Will Durant Clifton Fadiman and Hilda Worthington Smith all soon to surpass Martin in fame and influence Yet in his heyday Martin was regarded as one of the leading figures in adult education in the United States 4 Morse A Cartwright who was the Executive Director of the American Association for Adult Education from its founding in 1926 to its ultimate dissolution and transformation in 1949 considered Martin to be the spiritual father of the association in particular and of the entire movement in general 17 Cartwright went on to say in his eulogy for Martin published in the Journal of Adult Education that Thousands who had heard him lecture in all parts of the United States more thousands who had read his numerous books and articles on philosophical and psychological subjects and the large audience which for years listened to his notable Friday night addresses and discussions in the Great Hall of Cooper Union in New York all attested to the challenging qualities of his mind and heart 17 In 1934 Martin was asked to direct the Department of Social Philosophy at the Cooper Union in New York through a 15 000 per year grant from the Carnegie Corporation through his long time friend Frederick Paul Keppel Martin remained in this position until 1936 when he accepted an opportunity to move to California and direct an experimental program in teaching at Claremont Colleges 13 Martin was a professor of social psychology at Scripps College in Claremont California from 1936 up until his death in 1941 Death editMartin died on May 10 1941 of a heart attack in Claremont California at the age of 60 4 Martin s third wife Daphne Crane Drake whom he married in 1931 survived him 7 Mrs Everett Dean Martin Daphne Crane Drake was a former president of the Child Study Association of America 1934 18 19 20 Selected works editThe Behavior of Crowds 1920 The Mob Mind Vs Civil Liberty 1920 The Mystery of Religion 1924 Psychology What it has to Teach You about Yourself and Your World 1924 The Meaning of a Liberal Education 1926 Are We Victims of Propaganda Our Invisible Masters A Debate with Edward Bernays The Forum pp 142 150 March 1929 1929 21 Liberty 1930 The Conflict of the Individual and the Mass 1932 Civilizing Ourselves Intellectual Maturity in the Modern World 1932 Psychology and Its Use 1933 Farewell to Revolution 1935 Philosophical Background of Current Economic and Social Problems 1938 Some Principles of Political Behavior 1939 A Philosophical Analysis of the Present World Conflict 1940 See also editThe New School The New School for Social Research Cooper Union Intellectualism Intellectual Individualism Critical thinking Self reflection Social philosophy Social Psychology Crowd psychology Crowd manipulation Herd mentality Groupthink Propaganda Propaganda techniques Democratic education Inquiry based Science Laboratory School Classical LiberalismReferences edit Michael J Day A primary source for Everett Dean Martin s agenda for adult education http roghiemstra com day html a b c d e f The New School Archives Digital Collections digitalarchives library newschool edu a b People s Institute New York N Y Social Networks and Archival Context a b c d e Everett Dean Martin liberal in adult education https www jstor org stable pdf 42589283 pdf The Stanford Daily Volume 83a Issue 15 15 August 1933 a b Rose A D 1999 Everett Dean Martin In J A a C Garraty Mark C Ed American National Biography Vol 14 pp 589 591 New York Oxford University Press a b c Hannan Caryn Illinois Biographical Dictionary 2008 2009 Edition Volume One State History Publications 2008 2016 a b adulteducationcontributors licensed for non commercial use only 58 Everett Dean Martin adulteducationcontributors pbworks com Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2017 08 06 Retrieved 2017 08 06 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link First Unitarian Church of Des Moines A Unitarian Universalist Church First Unitarian Church of Des Moines A Primary Source for Everett Dean Martin s Agnda for Adult Education a b c Steven B Frye Everett Dean Martin Misunderstood Champion of Adult Education Carson Newman Studies Vol X No 3 Fall 2004 pp 84 98 ISSN 1081 7727 a b Michael Day and Clifford P Harbour The Philosopher and the Lecturer John Dewey Everett Dean Martin and Reflective Thinking Education and Culture Vol 29 1 2013 pp 105 124 Day M J amp Seckinger D 1987 May 21 23 Everett Dean Martin Spiritual leader of the adult education movement in the United States Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference Proceedings Laramie Wyoming The Survey The New School A Laboratory of Social Sciences Advertisement Volume 46 August 16th 1921 a b Morse A Cartwright Everett Dean Martin Journal of Adult Education 13 1941 324 Bank Street Archives Child Study Association of America Statement of Purpose 1913 27 March 2013 Child Study Association of America Social Networks and Archival Context http postflaviana org wp content uploads 2015 07 martin bernays debate pdf bare URL PDF External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Everett Dean Martin Works by Everett Dean Martin at Project Gutenberg adulteducationcontributors licensed for non commercial use only 58 Everett Dean Martin A Primary Source for Everett Dean Martin s Agnda for Adult Education Everett Dean Martin Martin Everett Dean 1880 1941 The Online Books Page My Thoughts Are Free EVERETT DEAN MARTIN The Behavior of Crowds A Psychological Study Everett Dean Martin The Philosopher and the Lecturer John Dewey Everett Dean Martin and Reflective Thinking permanent dead link Great Thoughts Treasury Everett Dean Martin Books Biography and List of Works Author of Liberty Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Everett Dean Martin amp oldid 1179964357, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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