Euthycarcinoidea are an enigmatic group of extinct possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times. Fossils are known from Europe, North America, Argentina, Australia and Antarctica.
The euthycarcinoid body was divided into a cephalon (head), preabdomen, and postabdomen. The cephalon consisted of two segments and included mandibles, antennae and presumed eyes. The preabdomen consisted of five to fourteen tergites, each having up to three somites. Each somite had in turn a pair of uniramous, segmented legs. The postabdomen was limbless and consisted of up to six segments and a terminal tail spine.[1]
Affinitiesedit
Due to its particular combination of characteristics, the position of the Euthycarcinoidea within the Arthropoda has been ambiguous; previous authors have allied euthycarcinoids with crustaceans (interpreted as copepods, branchiopods, or an independent group), with trilobites, or the merostomatans (horseshoe crabs and sea scorpions, now an obsolete group[2]).[3] However, due to the general features and the discovery of fossils from this group in Cambrian rocks, a 2010 study suggested that they may have given rise to the mandibulates, the group that includes the myriapods (centipedes, millipedes and the like), crustaceans, and hexapods (insects, etc.).[4]
However, a 2020 study identified several characters, including compound eyes and various details of the preoral chamber, that suggested instead a position as the closest relatives of living myriapods.[5] This would help to close the gap between the earliest body fossils of crown-group myriapods in the Silurian and molecular clock data suggesting a divergence from their closest relatives during the Ediacaran or Cambrian.[1] This had already been suggested by the cladogram of a previous study.[6]
The Cambrian euthycarcinoid Mosineia macnaughtoni from the Elk Mound Group, Blackberry Hill, central Wisconsin. Cambrian euthycarcinoids such as this one may have been the first animals to walk and survive on land.[7]
Environment and life habitsedit
Euthycarcinoid fossils have been found in marine, brackish and freshwater deposits.[8] Taxa from the Cambrian are from marine or intertidal sediments, while all specimens from the Ordovician to the Triassic are freshwater or brackish.[3] Fossil impressions of euthycarcinoid postabdomens in association with Protichnites trackways in Cambrian intertidal/supratidal deposits also suggest that euthycarcinoids may have been the first arthropods to walk on land.[9][10] It has been suggested that the biofilms and microbial mats that covered much of the vast tidal flats during the Cambrian Period in North America may have provided the nourishment that lured these arthropods onto the land.[11] Fossil evidence also suggests the possibility that some euthycarcinoids came onto the land to lay and fertilize their eggs via amplexus, as do the modern horseshoe crabs.[12]
Classificationedit
The known species of euthycarcinoids and their distribution were reviewed by Racheboeuf et al. in 2008. Additional species were described by Collette and Hagadorn in 2010.[3][9]
Antarcticarcinus
Antarcticarcinus pagoda Pagoda Formation Antarctica, Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian.[13]
Apankura machu (Cambrian), from marine deposits in Argentina
^Lamsdell, James C. (2012-12-18). "Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 167 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
^Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Strullu-Derrien, Christine; Góral, Tomasz; Hetherington, Alexander J.; Thompson, Christine; Koch, Marcus (2020). "Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and terrestrial fossil record". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (16): 8966–8972. doi:10.1073/pnas.1920733117. PMC7183169. PMID 32253305. S2CID 215408474.
^Vannier, Jean; Aria, Cédric; Taylor, Rod S.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (June 2018). "Waptia fieldensis Walcott, a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (6): 172206. doi:10.1098/rsos.172206. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC6030330. PMID 30110460.
^Collette, Joseph H.; Isbell, John L.; Miller, Molly F. (September 2017). "A unique winged euthycarcinoid from the Permian of Antarctica". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (5): 987–993. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.28. ISSN 0022-3360.
^"Terrestrialization in the Ordovician". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. doi:10.1144/sp532-2022-92. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
Bibliographyedit
Anderson, Lyall I.; Trewin, Nigel H. (1991). "An early Devonian arthropod fauna from the Windyfield cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland". Palaeontology. 46 (3): 467–509. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00308.
Collette, Joseph H.; Gass, Kenneth C.; Hagadorn, James W. (2012). "Protichnites eremita unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (3): 442–454. doi:10.1666/11-056.1. S2CID 129234373.
Collette, Joseph H.; Hagadorn, James W. (2010). "Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstatten of Quebec and Wisconsin". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (4): 646–667. doi:10.1666/09-075.1. S2CID 130064618.
MacNaughton, Robert B.; Cole, Jennifer M.; Dalrymple, Robert W.; Braddy, Simon J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Lukie, Terrence D. (2002). "First steps on land: Arthropod trackways in Cambrian–Ordovician eolian sandstone, southeastern Ontario, Canada". Geology. 30 (5): 391–394. Bibcode:2002Geo....30..391M. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0391:FSOLAT>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 130821454.
McNamara, Kenneth J.; Trewin, Nigel H. (1993). "A euthycarcinoid arthropod from the Silurian of Western Australia". Palaeontology. 36: 319–335.
Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Legg, David A.; Tremewan, Jonathan; Braddy, Simon J. (2010). "Euthycarcinoids". Geology Today. 26 (5): 195–198. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2010.00770.x.
Racheboeuf, Patrick R.; Vannier, Jean; Schram, Frederick R.; Chabard, Dominique; Sotty, Daniel (2008). "The euthycarcinoid arthropods from Montceau-les-Mines, France: functional morphology and affinities" (PDF). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 99 (1): 11–25. doi:10.1017/S1755691008006130. S2CID 59123727.
Vaccari, N. E.; Edgecome, G. D.; Escudero, C. (2004). "Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods". Nature. 430 (6999): 554–557. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..554V. doi:10.1038/nature02705. PMID 15282604. S2CID 4419235.
April 18, 2024
euthycarcinoidea, enigmatic, group, extinct, possibly, amphibious, arthropods, that, ranged, from, cambrian, triassic, times, fossils, known, from, europe, north, america, argentina, australia, antarctica, temporal, range, cambrian, middle, triassic, preꞒ, nli. Euthycarcinoidea are an enigmatic group of extinct possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times Fossils are known from Europe North America Argentina Australia and Antarctica EuthycarcinoideaTemporal range Cambrian Middle Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NLife restoration of ApankuraLife restoration of SottyxerxesScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClade MandibulataSubclass EuthycarcinoideaGall amp Grauvogel 1964Order EuthycarcinidaGall amp Grauvogel 1964GeneraSee text Contents 1 Description 2 Affinities 3 Environment and life habits 4 Classification 5 References 5 1 BibliographyDescription editThe euthycarcinoid body was divided into a cephalon head preabdomen and postabdomen The cephalon consisted of two segments and included mandibles antennae and presumed eyes The preabdomen consisted of five to fourteen tergites each having up to three somites Each somite had in turn a pair of uniramous segmented legs The postabdomen was limbless and consisted of up to six segments and a terminal tail spine 1 Affinities editDue to its particular combination of characteristics the position of the Euthycarcinoidea within the Arthropoda has been ambiguous previous authors have allied euthycarcinoids with crustaceans interpreted as copepods branchiopods or an independent group with trilobites or the merostomatans horseshoe crabs and sea scorpions now an obsolete group 2 3 However due to the general features and the discovery of fossils from this group in Cambrian rocks a 2010 study suggested that they may have given rise to the mandibulates the group that includes the myriapods centipedes millipedes and the like crustaceans and hexapods insects etc 4 EuchelicerataEuthycarcinoideaMyriapodaCrustaceaHexapoda However a 2020 study identified several characters including compound eyes and various details of the preoral chamber that suggested instead a position as the closest relatives of living myriapods 5 This would help to close the gap between the earliest body fossils of crown group myriapods in the Silurian and molecular clock data suggesting a divergence from their closest relatives during the Ediacaran or Cambrian 1 This had already been suggested by the cladogram of a previous study 6 EuchelicerataPancrustaceaMyriapodaEuthycarcinoidea nbsp The Cambrian euthycarcinoid Mosineia macnaughtoni from the Elk Mound Group Blackberry Hill central Wisconsin Cambrian euthycarcinoids such as this one may have been the first animals to walk and survive on land 7 Environment and life habits editEuthycarcinoid fossils have been found in marine brackish and freshwater deposits 8 Taxa from the Cambrian are from marine or intertidal sediments while all specimens from the Ordovician to the Triassic are freshwater or brackish 3 Fossil impressions of euthycarcinoid postabdomens in association with Protichnites trackways in Cambrian intertidal supratidal deposits also suggest that euthycarcinoids may have been the first arthropods to walk on land 9 10 It has been suggested that the biofilms and microbial mats that covered much of the vast tidal flats during the Cambrian Period in North America may have provided the nourishment that lured these arthropods onto the land 11 Fossil evidence also suggests the possibility that some euthycarcinoids came onto the land to lay and fertilize their eggs via amplexus as do the modern horseshoe crabs 12 Classification editThe known species of euthycarcinoids and their distribution were reviewed by Racheboeuf et al in 2008 Additional species were described by Collette and Hagadorn in 2010 3 9 Antarcticarcinus Antarcticarcinus pagoda Pagoda Formation Antarctica Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian 13 Apankura machu Cambrian from marine deposits in Argentina Euthycarcinus Euthycarcinus ibbenburensis Pennsylvanian Westphalian from freshwater deposits in Germany Euthycarcinus martensi Permian from freshwater deposits in Germany Euthycarcinus kessleri Triassic from freshwater deposits in France Mosineia macnaughtoni Cambrian from intertidal deposits in the United States Mictomerus melochevillensis Cambrian from intertidal deposits in Canada Pieckoxerxes pieckoae Pennsylvanian Westphalian from brackish to freshwater deposits of the United States Synaustrus brookvalensis Triassic from freshwater deposits of Australia Ericixerxes potii Upper Devonian Family Kottixexidae Starobogatov 1988 Heterocrania rhyniensis Lower Devonian from freshwater deposits of the United Kingdom Kalbarria brimmellae Ordovician or Late Silurian from freshwater deposits of Australia Age and habitat are controversial 14 Kottixerxes Kottixerxes anglicus Pennsylvanian Westphalian from brackish to freshwater deposits of the United Kingdom Kottyxerxes gloriosus Pennsylvanian Westphalian from brackish to freshwater deposits of the United States Schramixerxes gerem Late Pennsylvanian Stephanian stage from freshwater deposits in France Smithixerxes Smithixerxes juliarum Pennsylvanian Westphalian from brackish to freshwater deposits of the United States Smithixerxes pustulosus Pennsylvanian Westphalian from brackish to freshwater deposits of the United Kingdom Sottyxerxes multiplex Late Pennsylvanian Stephanian stage from freshwater deposits in FranceReferences edit a b Ortega Hernandez et al 2010 p 195 Lamsdell James C 2012 12 18 Revised systematics of Palaeozoic horseshoe crabs and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167 1 1 27 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 2012 00874 x ISSN 0024 4082 a b c Racheboeuf et al 2008 Ortega Hernandez et al 2010 p 196 Edgecombe Gregory D Strullu Derrien Christine Goral Tomasz Hetherington Alexander J Thompson Christine Koch Marcus 2020 Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and terrestrial fossil record Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 16 8966 8972 doi 10 1073 pnas 1920733117 PMC 7183169 PMID 32253305 S2CID 215408474 Vannier Jean Aria Cedric Taylor Rod S Caron Jean Bernard June 2018 Waptia fieldensis Walcott a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Royal Society Open Science 5 6 172206 doi 10 1098 rsos 172206 ISSN 2054 5703 PMC 6030330 PMID 30110460 McNamara amp Trewin 1993 Ortega Hernandez et al 2010 pp 196 197 a b Collette amp Hagadorn 2010 Collette Gass amp Hagadorn 2012 MacNaughton et al 2002 p 394 Collette Gass amp Hagadorn 2012 pp 452 453 Collette Joseph H Isbell John L Miller Molly F September 2017 A unique winged euthycarcinoid from the Permian of Antarctica Journal of Paleontology 91 5 987 993 doi 10 1017 jpa 2017 28 ISSN 0022 3360 Terrestrialization in the Ordovician Geological Society London Special Publications doi 10 1144 sp532 2022 92 Retrieved 2022 11 14 Bibliography edit Anderson Lyall I Trewin Nigel H 1991 An early Devonian arthropod fauna from the Windyfield cherts Aberdeenshire Scotland Palaeontology 46 3 467 509 doi 10 1111 1475 4983 00308 Collette Joseph H Gass Kenneth C Hagadorn James W 2012 Protichnites eremita unshelled Experimental model based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies Journal of Paleontology 86 3 442 454 doi 10 1666 11 056 1 S2CID 129234373 Collette Joseph H Hagadorn James W 2010 Three dimensionally preserved arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstatten of Quebec and Wisconsin Journal of Paleontology 84 4 646 667 doi 10 1666 09 075 1 S2CID 130064618 MacNaughton Robert B Cole Jennifer M Dalrymple Robert W Braddy Simon J Briggs Derek E G Lukie Terrence D 2002 First steps on land Arthropod trackways in Cambrian Ordovician eolian sandstone southeastern Ontario Canada Geology 30 5 391 394 Bibcode 2002Geo 30 391M doi 10 1130 0091 7613 2002 030 lt 0391 FSOLAT gt 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 130821454 McNamara Kenneth J Trewin Nigel H 1993 A euthycarcinoid arthropod from the Silurian of Western Australia Palaeontology 36 319 335 Ortega Hernandez Javier Legg David A Tremewan Jonathan Braddy Simon J 2010 Euthycarcinoids Geology Today 26 5 195 198 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2451 2010 00770 x Racheboeuf Patrick R Vannier Jean Schram Frederick R Chabard Dominique Sotty Daniel 2008 The euthycarcinoid arthropods from Montceau les Mines France functional morphology and affinities PDF Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 99 1 11 25 doi 10 1017 S1755691008006130 S2CID 59123727 Vaccari N E Edgecome G D Escudero C 2004 Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods Nature 430 6999 554 557 Bibcode 2004Natur 430 554V doi 10 1038 nature02705 PMID 15282604 S2CID 4419235 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Euthycarcinoidea amp oldid 1192725673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
