fbpx
Wikipedia

Eucomis

December 15, 2023

Eucomis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southern Africa.[2] Most species of this genus are commonly referred to as pineapple flowers or pineapple lilies. They are bulbous perennials with basal rosettes of leaves and stout stems covered in star-shaped flowers with a tuft of green bracts at the top, superficially resembling a pineapple – hence the common names.[3]

Eucomis
Eucomis autumnalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Eucomis
L'Hér.
Type species
Eucomis regia
(L.) L'Hér.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Basilaea Juss. ex Lam.
  • Eucomea Sol. ex Salisb.

Taxonomy edit

The genus Eucomis was first published by Charles L'Héritier in 1789.[2][4] The name Eucomis is of Greek origin, eu- meaning "pleasing" and kome "hair of the head",[5] thus referring to the tuft of leaf-like bracts that crown the inflorescence of the species in this genus. The name was first used by Daniel Solander, who decided that Linnaeus's Fritillaria regia should be placed in a separate genus. However, Solander died before publishing the name, and was not mentioned by L'Héritier in his 1789 publication.[6] Initially, three species were placed in Eucomis: E. regia, E. nana and E. punctata.[4] (The last two are now synonyms of E. regia[7] and E. comosa[8] respectively.)

Classification edit

Eucomis is placed in the subfamily Scilloideae of the family Asparagaceae by those who use the APG system of plant classification,[9] and in the family Hyacinthaceae by those who use more narrowly defined families.[10] Using the subfamily Scilloideae, Eucomis is placed in the tribe Hyacintheae, subtribe Massoniinae, along with such genera as Lachenalia, Ledebouria, Massonia and Veltheimia.[11]

The species can be divided into two groups. One consists of seven mainly short, diploid species with 2n = 2x = 30 chromosomes: E. amaryllidifolia, E. bicolor, E. grimshawii, E. regia, E. schijffii, E. vandermerwei and E. zambesiaca. The other consists of five mainly larger, tetraploid species with 2n = 4x = 60 chromosomes: E. autumnalis, E. comosa, E. humilis, E. montana and E. pallidiflora.[12] The ploidy of E. sonnetteana is not known.[13]

Species edit

The genus includes 13 accepted species.[2]

  •  

    Eucomis autumnalis

  •  

    Eucomis bicolor

  •  

    Eucomis comosa

  •  

    Eucomis montana

  •  

    Eucomis pallidiflora subsp. pole-evansii

  •  

    Eucomis regia

  •  

    Eucomis vandermerwei

  •  

    Eucomis zambesiaca

Distribution and habitat edit

Eucomis is native to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, Zimbabwe and Malawi. Species can be found in grassland, forest, swamps and on river banks, but are absent from the drier regions.[14] The smaller species are more often found at higher elevations, on hilltops or other exposed places; the larger species favour less exposed habitats, such as damp gulleys and streamsides.[6]

Cultivation edit

Eucomis species are cultivated as ornamental plants. Most of the summer-flowering species will tolerate frost down to −5 to −10 °C (23 to 14 °F) when dormant in winter, provided they are kept dry. They flower best if given both sun exposure and moisture in summer.[6][14] Eucomis regia grows in winter and flowers in early spring. It needs greenhouse cultivation in regions that, like Britain, have a maritime rather than a Mediterranean climate.[6]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Tropicos – Eucomis". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "POWO – Eucomis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  3. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  4. ^ a b L'Héritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis (1789) [cover 1788]. "Eucomis". Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum : imprimis in horto regio Kewensi excoluntur, ab anno 1786 ad annum 1787 observata. Paris: Didot. p. 11. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  5. ^ Coombes, Allen J. (1994). Dictionary of Plant Names. London: Hamlyn Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-600-58187-1.
  6. ^ a b c d Compton, James (1990). "Eucomis L'Heritier". The Plantsman. 12 (3): 129–139.
  7. ^ "POWO – Eucomis nana". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  8. ^ "POWO – Eucomis punctata". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  9. ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L.; Fay, M.F. (2009). "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 132–136. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x.
  10. ^ Manning, J.C.; Goldblatt, P.; Fay, M.F. (2004). "A revised generic synopsis of Hyacintheaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 60 (3): 533–568. doi:10.1017/S0960428603000404.
  11. ^ Pfosser, M.; Wetschnig, W.; Ungar, S.; Prenner, G. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology". Journal of Plant Research. 116 (2): 115–132. doi:10.1007/s10265-003-0076-8. PMID 12736783. S2CID 7554964.
  12. ^ Zonneveld, B.J.M. & Duncan, G.D. (2010). "Genome sizes of Eucomis L'Hér. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of the new species Eucomis grimshawii G.D.Duncan & Zonneveld". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 284 (1–2): 99–109. doi:10.1007/s00606-009-0236-y.
  13. ^ Crouch, Neil R.; Martínez-Azorín, Mario; Lötter, Mervyn C.; Burrows, John E.; Condy, Gillian (June 2019). "Euomis sonnetteana" (PDF). Flowering Plants of Africa. 66: 46–55. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  14. ^ a b "PlantZAfrica – Eucomis autumnalis". PlantZAfrica. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2022.

Bibliography edit

  • Crouch, Neil R. (2010). "An adaptation of Reyneke's key to the genus Eucomis" (PDF). PlantLife (39 & 40): 45–52. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
  • Duncan, Graham (April 2013). "755. Eucomis amaryllidifolia". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 30 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1111/curt.12016.
  • Duncan, Graham (2007). "Lesser-known Eucomis". The Plantsman. New Series. 6 (2): 98–103.
  • Duncan, Graham (October 2011). "712. Eucomis vandermerwei". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 28 (3): 176–189. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8748.2011.01744.x.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eucomis.
  • Pacific bulb society wiki [1]

December 15, 2023
eucomis, genus, flowering, plants, family, asparagaceae, subfamily, scilloideae, native, southern, africa, most, species, this, genus, commonly, referred, pineapple, flowers, pineapple, lilies, they, bulbous, perennials, with, basal, rosettes, leaves, stout, s. Eucomis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae native to southern Africa 2 Most species of this genus are commonly referred to as pineapple flowers or pineapple lilies They are bulbous perennials with basal rosettes of leaves and stout stems covered in star shaped flowers with a tuft of green bracts at the top superficially resembling a pineapple hence the common names 3 EucomisEucomis autumnalisScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily AsparagaceaeSubfamily ScilloideaeGenus EucomisL Her Type speciesEucomis regia L L Her 1 Synonyms 2 Basilaea Juss ex Lam Eucomea Sol ex Salisb Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Classification 1 2 Species 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Cultivation 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe genus Eucomis was first published by Charles L Heritier in 1789 2 4 The name Eucomis is of Greek origin eu meaning pleasing and kome hair of the head 5 thus referring to the tuft of leaf like bracts that crown the inflorescence of the species in this genus The name was first used by Daniel Solander who decided that Linnaeus s Fritillaria regia should be placed in a separate genus However Solander died before publishing the name and was not mentioned by L Heritier in his 1789 publication 6 Initially three species were placed in Eucomis E regia E nana and E punctata 4 The last two are now synonyms of E regia 7 and E comosa 8 respectively Classification edit Eucomis is placed in the subfamily Scilloideae of the family Asparagaceae by those who use the APG system of plant classification 9 and in the family Hyacinthaceae by those who use more narrowly defined families 10 Using the subfamily Scilloideae Eucomis is placed in the tribe Hyacintheae subtribe Massoniinae along with such genera as Lachenalia Ledebouria Massonia and Veltheimia 11 The species can be divided into two groups One consists of seven mainly short diploid species with 2n 2x 30 chromosomes E amaryllidifolia E bicolor E grimshawii E regia E schijffii E vandermerwei and E zambesiaca The other consists of five mainly larger tetraploid species with 2n 4x 60 chromosomes E autumnalis E comosa E humilis E montana and E pallidiflora 12 The ploidy of E sonnetteana is not known 13 Species edit The genus includes 13 accepted species 2 Eucomis amaryllidifolia Baker South Africa Eucomis autumnalis Mill Chitt syn E undulata Aiton South Africa Malawi Zimbabwe Botswana Lesotho Eswatini Eucomis bicolor Baker South Africa Lesotho Eucomis comosa Houtt Wehrh syns E punctata L Her E striata Ker Gawl W T Aiton South Africa Eucomis grimshawii G D Duncan amp Zonn South Africa Eucomis humilis Baker South Africa Lesotho Eucomis montana Compton South Africa Eswatini Eucomis pallidiflora Baker syn E pole evansii N E Br South Africa Lesotho Eswatini Eucomis regia L L Her South Africa Eucomis schijffii Reyneke South Africa Lesotho Eucomis sonnetteana N R Crouch Mart Azorin amp J E Burrows Mpumalanga Eucomis vandermerwei Verd Mpumalanga Eucomis zambesiaca Baker Malawi Zimbabwe Limpopo nbsp Eucomis autumnalis nbsp Eucomis bicolor nbsp Eucomis comosa nbsp Eucomis montana nbsp Eucomis pallidiflora subsp pole evansii nbsp Eucomis regia nbsp Eucomis vandermerwei nbsp Eucomis zambesiacaDistribution and habitat editEucomis is native to South Africa Botswana Lesotho Eswatini Zimbabwe and Malawi Species can be found in grassland forest swamps and on river banks but are absent from the drier regions 14 The smaller species are more often found at higher elevations on hilltops or other exposed places the larger species favour less exposed habitats such as damp gulleys and streamsides 6 Cultivation editEucomis species are cultivated as ornamental plants Most of the summer flowering species will tolerate frost down to 5 to 10 C 23 to 14 F when dormant in winter provided they are kept dry They flower best if given both sun exposure and moisture in summer 6 14 Eucomis regia grows in winter and flowers in early spring It needs greenhouse cultivation in regions that like Britain have a maritime rather than a Mediterranean climate 6 See also editList of plants known as lilyReferences edit Tropicos Eucomis Tropicos Missouri Botanical Garden Retrieved 3 October 2022 a b c d POWO Eucomis Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 3 October 2022 RHS A Z encyclopedia of garden plants United Kingdom Dorling Kindersley 2008 p 1136 ISBN 978 1405332965 a b L Heritier de Brutelle Charles Louis 1789 cover 1788 Eucomis Sertum Anglicum seu Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum imprimis in horto regio Kewensi excoluntur ab anno 1786 ad annum 1787 observata Paris Didot p 11 Retrieved 2018 10 07 Coombes Allen J 1994 Dictionary of Plant Names London Hamlyn Books p 70 ISBN 978 0 600 58187 1 a b c d Compton James 1990 Eucomis L Heritier The Plantsman 12 3 129 139 POWO Eucomis nana Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 3 October 2022 POWO Eucomis punctata Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 3 October 2022 Chase M W Reveal J L Fay M F 2009 A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 132 136 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00999 x Manning J C Goldblatt P Fay M F 2004 A revised generic synopsis of Hyacintheaceae in sub Saharan Africa based on molecular evidence including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60 3 533 568 doi 10 1017 S0960428603000404 Pfosser M Wetschnig W Ungar S Prenner G 2004 Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae Hyacinthaceae inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology Journal of Plant Research 116 2 115 132 doi 10 1007 s10265 003 0076 8 PMID 12736783 S2CID 7554964 Zonneveld B J M amp Duncan G D 2010 Genome sizes of Eucomis L Her Hyacinthaceae and a description of the new species Eucomis grimshawii G D Duncan amp Zonneveld Plant Systematics and Evolution 284 1 2 99 109 doi 10 1007 s00606 009 0236 y Crouch Neil R Martinez Azorin Mario Lotter Mervyn C Burrows John E Condy Gillian June 2019 Euomis sonnetteana PDF Flowering Plants of Africa 66 46 55 Retrieved 3 October 2022 a b PlantZAfrica Eucomis autumnalis PlantZAfrica South African National Biodiversity Institute Retrieved 3 October 2022 Bibliography editCrouch Neil R 2010 An adaptation of Reyneke s key to the genus Eucomis PDF PlantLife 39 amp 40 45 52 Retrieved 2013 08 21 Duncan Graham April 2013 755 Eucomis amaryllidifolia Curtis s Botanical Magazine 30 1 49 55 doi 10 1111 curt 12016 Duncan Graham 2007 Lesser known Eucomis The Plantsman New Series 6 2 98 103 Duncan Graham October 2011 712 Eucomis vandermerwei Curtis s Botanical Magazine 28 3 176 189 doi 10 1111 j 1467 8748 2011 01744 x External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eucomis Pacific bulb society wiki 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eucomis amp oldid 1113808451, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.