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Alcyone (star)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the star. For other uses, see Alcyone (disambiguation).

Alcyone /ælˈsaɪəniː/,[11] designated η Tauri (Eta Tauri, abbreviated Eta Tau, η Tau), is a star in the constellation of Taurus. Approximately 440 light-years from the Sun, it is the brightest star in the Pleiades open cluster, which is a young cluster, around 100 million years old. There are a number of fainter stars very close to Alcyone, some of which are members of the same cluster.[citation needed]

Alcyone
Alcyone in the Pleiades cluster (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 03h 47m 29.077s[1]
Declination 24° 06′ 18.49″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.87[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B5IIIe[3]
U−B color index −0.34[2]
B−V color index −0.09[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)5.40[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 19.34±0.39[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −43.67±0.33[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)8.09 ± 0.42 mas[1]
Distance136[5] pc
Absolute magnitude (MV)−2.62[6]
Details
Mass5.9 – 6.1[7] M☉
Radius9.3±0.7[8] R☉
Luminosity2,030[9] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.047[3] cgs
Temperature12,258[3] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)149[3] km/s
Age70[10] Myr
Other designations
η Tau, 25 Tau, HR 1165, HD 23630, BD+23 541, FK5 139, HIP 17702, SAO 76199, GC 4541, BDS 1875, CCDM 03474+2407
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature edit

Eta Tauri is the star's Bayer designation. The name Alcyone originates in Greek mythology; she is one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione known as the Pleiades. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[12] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[13] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Alcyone for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[14]

In Chinese, 昴宿 (Mǎo Xiù), meaning Hairy Head, refers to an asterism consisting Alcyone, Electra, Taygeta, Asterope, Maia, Merope, and Atlas.[15] Consequently, the Chinese name for Alcyone itself is 昴宿六 (Mǎo Xiù liù), "the Sixth Star of Hairy Head".[16]

Physical properties edit

Alcyone Is a blue-white B-type giant, similar the other bright B-type stars in the Pleiades cluster. With an apparent magnitude of +2.87 (absolute magnitude = −2.39), it is the brightest and most luminous star in the Pleiades. The spectral type of B7IIIe indicates that emission lines are present in its spectrum. Like many Be stars, Alcyone has created a gaseous disk flung into orbit around the star from its equator.

Alcyone has a high rotational velocity, which causes it to have an ellipsoidal shape. Its effective radius is almost ten times that of the Sun, but the actual radius is lesser at poles and greater at the equator. Its effective temperature is approximately 12,300 K, with the actual temperature being greater at the poles and lesser at the equator. Its bolometric luminosity is 2,030 times solar.

The age of the Pleiades is typically calculated to be around 130 million years, but Alcyone itself appears to be younger, less than 100 million years. Alcyone may be a blue straggler or models may not be deriving an accurate age for stars of this type.[10]

Companions edit

 
A light curve for Alcyone, adapted from White et al. (2017)[8]

The Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars lists three companions: B is 24 Tauri, a magnitude 6.28 A0 main-sequence star 117" away; C is V647 Tauri, a δ Sct variable star;[17] and D is a magnitude 9.15 F3 main-sequence star.[18] V647 Tau varies from magnitude +8.25 to +8.30 over 1.13 hours.[19]

The Washington Double Star Catalog lists a further four companions, all fainter than 11th magnitude, and also describes component D as itself double with two nearly equal components separated by 0.30".[20]

Some previous lunar occultation studies found evidence of sub-arcsound companions, but more recently, a 2021 interferometric study concluded that Alcyone is a single star system.[21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600. Vizier catalog entry
  2. ^ a b c Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  3. ^ a b c d Touhami, Y.; Gies, D. R.; Schaefer, G. H.; McAlister, H. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; Richardson, N. D.; Matson, R.; Grundstrom, E. D.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Goldfinger, P. J.; Sturmann, L.; Sturmann, J.; Turner, N. H.; Farrington, C. (2013). "A CHARA Array Survey of Circumstellar Disks around Nearby Be-type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2): 128. arXiv:1302.6135. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..128T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/128. S2CID 9488327.
  4. ^ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.
  5. ^ Melis, Carl; Reid, Mark J.; Mioduszewski, Amy J.; Stauffer, John R.; et al. (29 August 2014). "A VLBI resolution of the Pleiades distance controversy". Science. 345 (6200): 1029–1032. arXiv:1408.6544. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1029M. doi:10.1126/science.1256101. PMID 25170147. S2CID 34750246.
  6. ^ Zhang, P.; Liu, C. Q.; Chen, P. S. (2006). "Absolute Magnitudes of Be Stars Based on Hipparcos Parallaxes". Astrophysics and Space Science. 306 (3): 113. Bibcode:2006Ap&SS.306..113Z. doi:10.1007/s10509-006-9173-1. S2CID 122897957.
  7. ^ Zorec, J.; Frémat, Y.; Cidale, L. (2005). "On the evolutionary status of Be stars. I. Field Be stars near the Sun". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 441 (1): 235–248. arXiv:astro-ph/0509119. Bibcode:2005A&A...441..235Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053051. S2CID 17592657.
  8. ^ a b White, T. R.; et al. (2017). "Beyond the Kepler/K2 bright limit: Variability in the seven brightest members of the Pleiades". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 2882–2901. arXiv:1708.07462. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.2882W. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1050. S2CID 119221178.
  9. ^ Harmanec, P. (2000). "Physical Properties and Evolutionary Stage of Be Stars". The be Phenomenon in Early-Type Stars. 214: 13. Bibcode:2000ASPC..214...13H.
  10. ^ a b Brandt, Timothy D.; Huang, Chelsea X. (2015). "Bayesian Ages for Early-type Stars from Isochrones Including Rotation, and a Possible Old Age for the Hyades". The Astrophysical Journal. 807 (1): 58. arXiv:1501.04404. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807...58B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/58. S2CID 119045213.
  11. ^ "Alcyone". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  12. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  13. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  15. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  16. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 2008-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  17. ^ Gebran, M.; Monier, R. (2008). "Chemical composition of a and F dwarfs members of the Pleiades open cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 483 (2): 567. arXiv:0802.3148. Bibcode:2008A&A...483..567G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079271. S2CID 18923359.
  18. ^ Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue of the Components of Double and Multiple stars (CCDM). First edition". Obs. R. Belg. 115. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115.....D.
  19. ^ Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  20. ^ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.
  21. ^ Hutter, D. J.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, J. A.; Hummel, C. A.; Zirm, H. (2021-12-01). "Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry III: A Magnitude-Limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be-Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 69. arXiv:2109.06839. Bibcode:2021ApJS..257...69H. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac23cb. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 237503492.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alcyone (star).
  • Jim Kaler's Stars, University of Illinois:ALCYONE (Eta Tauri)
  • Alcyone and the Pleiades

January 01, 1970
alcyone, star, this, article, about, star, other, uses, alcyone, disambiguation, alcyone, designated, tauri, tauri, abbreviated, star, constellation, taurus, approximately, light, years, from, brightest, star, pleiades, open, cluster, which, young, cluster, ar. This article is about the star For other uses see Alcyone disambiguation Alcyone ae l ˈ s aɪ e n iː 11 designated h Tauri Eta Tauri abbreviated Eta Tau h Tau is a star in the constellation of Taurus Approximately 440 light years from the Sun it is the brightest star in the Pleiades open cluster which is a young cluster around 100 million years old There are a number of fainter stars very close to Alcyone some of which are members of the same cluster citation needed AlcyoneAlcyone in the Pleiades cluster circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Taurus Right ascension 03h 47m 29 077s 1 Declination 24 06 18 49 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 87 2 Characteristics Spectral type B5IIIe 3 U B color index 0 34 2 B V color index 0 09 2 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 5 40 4 km sProper motion m RA 19 34 0 39 1 mas yr Dec 43 67 0 33 1 mas yrParallax p 8 09 0 42 mas 1 Distance136 5 pcAbsolute magnitude MV 2 62 6 DetailsMass5 9 6 1 7 M Radius9 3 0 7 8 R Luminosity2 030 9 L Surface gravity log g 3 047 3 cgsTemperature12 258 3 KRotational velocity v sin i 149 3 km sAge70 10 Myr Other designationsh Tau 25 Tau HR 1165 HD 23630 BD 23 541 FK5 139 HIP 17702 SAO 76199 GC 4541 BDS 1875 CCDM 03474 2407 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Physical properties 3 Companions 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksNomenclature editEta Tauri is the star s Bayer designation The name Alcyone originates in Greek mythology she is one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione known as the Pleiades In 2016 the International Astronomical Union IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 12 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 13 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Alcyone for this star It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names 14 In Chinese 昴宿 Mǎo Xiu meaning Hairy Head refers to an asterism consisting Alcyone Electra Taygeta Asterope Maia Merope and Atlas 15 Consequently the Chinese name for Alcyone itself is 昴宿六 Mǎo Xiu liu the Sixth Star of Hairy Head 16 Physical properties editAlcyone Is a blue white B type giant similar the other bright B type stars in the Pleiades cluster With an apparent magnitude of 2 87 absolute magnitude 2 39 it is the brightest and most luminous star in the Pleiades The spectral type of B7IIIe indicates that emission lines are present in its spectrum Like many Be stars Alcyone has created a gaseous disk flung into orbit around the star from its equator Alcyone has a high rotational velocity which causes it to have an ellipsoidal shape Its effective radius is almost ten times that of the Sun but the actual radius is lesser at poles and greater at the equator Its effective temperature is approximately 12 300 K with the actual temperature being greater at the poles and lesser at the equator Its bolometric luminosity is 2 030 times solar The age of the Pleiades is typically calculated to be around 130 million years but Alcyone itself appears to be younger less than 100 million years Alcyone may be a blue straggler or models may not be deriving an accurate age for stars of this type 10 Companions edit nbsp A light curve for Alcyone adapted from White et al 2017 8 The Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars lists three companions B is 24 Tauri a magnitude 6 28 A0 main sequence star 117 away C is V647 Tauri a d Sct variable star 17 and D is a magnitude 9 15 F3 main sequence star 18 V647 Tau varies from magnitude 8 25 to 8 30 over 1 13 hours 19 The Washington Double Star Catalog lists a further four companions all fainter than 11th magnitude and also describes component D as itself double with two nearly equal components separated by 0 30 20 Some previous lunar occultation studies found evidence of sub arcsound companions but more recently a 2021 interferometric study concluded that Alcyone is a single star system 21 See also editCircumstellar disc List of stars in Taurus Lists of stars Shell star White TigerReferences edit a b c d e van Leeuwen F 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 Vizier catalog entry a b c Ducati J R 2002 VizieR Online Data Catalog Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson s 11 color system CDS ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237 Bibcode 2002yCat 2237 0D a b c d Touhami Y Gies D R Schaefer G H McAlister H A Ridgway S T Richardson N D Matson R Grundstrom E D Ten Brummelaar T A Goldfinger P J Sturmann L Sturmann J Turner N H Farrington C 2013 A CHARA Array Survey of Circumstellar Disks around Nearby Be type Stars The Astrophysical Journal 768 2 128 arXiv 1302 6135 Bibcode 2013ApJ 768 128T doi 10 1088 0004 637X 768 2 128 S2CID 9488327 Gontcharov G A 2006 Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system Astronomy Letters 32 11 759 771 arXiv 1606 08053 Bibcode 2006AstL 32 759G doi 10 1134 S1063773706110065 S2CID 119231169 Melis Carl Reid Mark J Mioduszewski Amy J Stauffer John R et al 29 August 2014 A VLBI resolution of the Pleiades distance controversy Science 345 6200 1029 1032 arXiv 1408 6544 Bibcode 2014Sci 345 1029M doi 10 1126 science 1256101 PMID 25170147 S2CID 34750246 Zhang P Liu C Q Chen P S 2006 Absolute Magnitudes of Be Stars Based on Hipparcos Parallaxes Astrophysics and Space Science 306 3 113 Bibcode 2006Ap amp SS 306 113Z doi 10 1007 s10509 006 9173 1 S2CID 122897957 Zorec J Fremat Y Cidale L 2005 On the evolutionary status of Be stars I Field Be stars near the Sun Astronomy and Astrophysics 441 1 235 248 arXiv astro ph 0509119 Bibcode 2005A amp A 441 235Z doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20053051 S2CID 17592657 a b White T R et al 2017 Beyond the Kepler K2 bright limit Variability in the seven brightest members of the Pleiades Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 3 2882 2901 arXiv 1708 07462 Bibcode 2017MNRAS 471 2882W doi 10 1093 mnras stx1050 S2CID 119221178 Harmanec P 2000 Physical Properties and Evolutionary Stage of Be Stars The be Phenomenon in Early Type Stars 214 13 Bibcode 2000ASPC 214 13H a b Brandt Timothy D Huang Chelsea X 2015 Bayesian Ages for Early type Stars from Isochrones Including Rotation and a Possible Old Age for the Hyades The Astrophysical Journal 807 1 58 arXiv 1501 04404 Bibcode 2015ApJ 807 58B doi 10 1088 0004 637X 807 1 58 S2CID 119045213 Alcyone Merriam Webster com Dictionary IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese 香港太空館 研究資源 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2008 10 25 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 Gebran M Monier R 2008 Chemical composition of a and F dwarfs members of the Pleiades open cluster Astronomy and Astrophysics 483 2 567 arXiv 0802 3148 Bibcode 2008A amp A 483 567G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20079271 S2CID 18923359 Dommanget J Nys O 1994 Catalogue of the Components of Double and Multiple stars CCDM First edition Obs R Belg 115 Bibcode 1994CoORB 115 D Samus N N Durlevich O V et al 2009 VizieR Online Data Catalog General Catalogue of Variable Stars Samus 2007 2013 VizieR On line Data Catalog B GCVS Originally Published in 2009yCat 102025S 1 Bibcode 2009yCat 102025S Mason Brian D Wycoff Gary L Hartkopf William I Douglass Geoffrey G Worley Charles E 2001 The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD ROM I The Washington Double Star Catalog The Astronomical Journal 122 6 3466 Bibcode 2001AJ 122 3466M doi 10 1086 323920 Hutter D J Tycner C Zavala R T Benson J A Hummel C A Zirm H 2021 12 01 Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry III A Magnitude Limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 257 2 69 arXiv 2109 06839 Bibcode 2021ApJS 257 69H doi 10 3847 1538 4365 ac23cb ISSN 0067 0049 S2CID 237503492 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alcyone star Jim Kaler s Stars University of Illinois ALCYONE Eta Tauri Alcyone and the Pleiades Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alcyone star amp oldid 1219598254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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