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Merope (star)

April 12, 2024

Merope /ˈmɛrəpiː/,[12] designated 23 Tauri (abbreviated 23 Tau), is a star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades star cluster. It is approximately 440 light-years (135 pc) away.

Merope
Merope in the Pleiades cluster (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 03h 46m 19.5859s[1]
Declination 23° 56′ 54.092″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.18[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B6IV(e)[3]
U−B color index −0.41[4]
B−V color index −0.06[4]
Variable type β Cephei[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)6.2[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 13.075[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −48.404[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.0670 ± 0.2862 mas[1]
Distance460 ± 20 ly
(142 ± 6 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−1.29[7]
Details
Mass4.25[8] M☉
Radius7.7[9] R☉
Luminosity927[10] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.48[10] cgs
Temperature14,550[10] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)240[10] km/s
Age212[11] Myr
Other designations
Merope, 23 Tau, V971 Tauri, HR 1156, BD+23°522, HD 23480, HIP 17608, SAO 76172, GC 4512, CCDM J03463+2357A
Database references
SIMBADdata

Distance edit

Despite being one of the closest star clusters to Earth, the distance to the Pleiades and its member stars is still in dispute. The parallax of Merope itself is not known precisely enough to give an accurate distance. Its Hipparcos parallax has a statistical margin of error of about 5% and gave a distance 116 parsecs. This, and an overall distance to the Pleiades calculated from Hipparcos parallaxes of 120 parsecs, are inconsistent with other parallax measurements such as from Gaia. Merope is too bright for Gaia to have a reliable parallax for it, but calculations of the overall distance to the Pleiades cluster using Hipparcos, Gaia, Hubble Space Telescope, and other methods repeatedly show that the Hipparcos parallaxes suffered from some kind of systemic error, and the distance to the Pleiades is most likely around 135 parsecs.[13][14][15][16][17]

Description edit

 
A light curve for V971 Tauri (Merope), adapted from White et al. (2017)[18]

Merope is a blue-white B-type subgiant with a mean apparent magnitude of +4.18. Richard Hinckley Allen described the star as lucid white and violet.[19] It has a luminosity of 927 times that of the Sun and a surface temperature of 14,550 K. Merope's mass is roughly 4.25 M☉ and has a radius more than 7 times as great as the Sun's. It is classified as a Beta Cephei type variable star and its brightness varies by 0.01 magnitudes.[5] It is given the variable star designation of V971 Tauri.

Some papers have reported a companion star to Merope, at a separation of 250 mas, as well as several other visual companions farther out. These possible companions have not been confirmed.[20]

Surrounding Merope is the Merope Nebula (NGC 1435). It appears brightest around Merope and is listed in the Index Catalogue as number IC 349.

Nomenclature edit

23 Tauri is the star's Flamsteed designation. The name Merope originates with Greek mythology; she is one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione known as the Pleiades. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[21] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[22] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Merope for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[23]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ Ducati, J. R (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  3. ^ Slettebak, A (1982). "Spectral types and rotational velocities of the brighter Be stars and A-F type shell stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 50: 55. Bibcode:1982ApJS...50...55S. doi:10.1086/190820.
  4. ^ a b Crawford, D. L.; Barnes, J. V.; Golson, J. C. (1971). "Four-color, Hbeta, and UBV photometry for bright B-type stars in the northern hemisphere". The Astronomical Journal. 76: 1058. Bibcode:1971AJ.....76.1058C. doi:10.1086/111220.
  5. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  6. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities". Washington. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  7. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. S2CID 119257644.
  8. ^ Zorec, J.; Royer, F. (January 2012). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 537: A120. arXiv:1201.2052. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.120Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117691. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 55586789.
  9. ^ McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Watson, R. A. (2017). "Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Tycho-Gaia stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 770. arXiv:1706.02208. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..770M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1433.
  10. ^ a b c d Zorec, J.; et al. (November 2016). "Critical study of the distribution of rotational velocities of Be stars. I. Deconvolution methods, effects due to gravity darkening, macroturbulence, and binarity". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: 26. Bibcode:2016A&A...595A.132Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628760. hdl:11336/37946.
  11. ^ Gontcharov, G. A. (2012). "Dependence of kinematics on the age of stars in the solar neighborhood". Astronomy Letters. 38 (12): 771–782. arXiv:1606.08814. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..771G. doi:10.1134/S1063773712120031. S2CID 118345778.
  12. ^ Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30. Bibcode:1944PA.....52....8D.
  13. ^ Galli, P. A. B.; Moraux, E.; Bouy, H.; Bouvier, J.; Olivares, J.; Teixeira, R. (2017). "A revised moving cluster distance to the Pleiades open cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 598: A48. arXiv:1610.05641. Bibcode:2017A&A...598A..48G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629239. S2CID 119225372.
  14. ^ Melis, Carl; Reid, Mark J.; Mioduszewski, Amy J.; Stauffer, John R.; et al. (29 August 2014). "A VLBI resolution of the Pleiades distance controversy". Science. 345 (6200): 1029–1032. arXiv:1408.6544. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1029M. doi:10.1126/science.1256101. PMID 25170147. S2CID 34750246.
  15. ^ Anthony G. A. Brown; GAIA Collaboration (2016). "Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics (forthcoming article). 595: A2. arXiv:1609.04172. Bibcode:2016A&A...595A...2G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629512. S2CID 1828208.
  16. ^ Abramson, Guillermo (20 August 2018). "The Distance to the Pleiades According to Gaia DR2". Research Notes of the AAS. 2 (3): 150. Bibcode:2018RNAAS...2..150A. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aada8b.
  17. ^ Soderblom D. R.; Nelan E.; Benedict G. F.; McArthur B.; et al. (2005). "Confirmation of Errors in Hipparcos Parallaxes from Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Astrometry of the Pleiades". Astronomical Journal. 129 (3): 1616–1624. arXiv:astro-ph/0412093. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1616S. doi:10.1086/427860. S2CID 15354711.
  18. ^ White, T. R.; Pope, B. J. S.; Antoci, V.; Papics, P. I.; Aerts, C.; Gies, D. R.; Gordon, K.; Huber, D.; Schaefer, G. H.; Aigrain, S.; Albrecht, S.; Barclay, T.; Barentsen, G.; Beck, P. G.; Bedding, T. R.; Fredslund, M.; Andersen, M. Fredslund; Grundahl, F.; Howell, S. B.; Ireland, M. J.; Murphy, S. J.; Nielsen, M. B.; Aguirre, V. Silva; Tuthill, P. G. (November 2017). "Beyond the Kepler/K2 bright limit: variability in the seven brightest members of the Pleiades". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 2882–2901. arXiv:1708.07462. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.2882W. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1050.
  19. ^ Merope, Star Names and their Meanings, Richard Hinckley Allen, Dover Publications, 1963, p. 407.
  20. ^ Hutter, D. J.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, J. A.; Hummel, C. A.; Zirm, H. (2021). "Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. III. A Magnitude-limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 69. arXiv:2109.06839. Bibcode:2021ApJS..257...69H. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac23cb. S2CID 237503492.
  21. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  23. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merope (star).
  • Jim Kaler's Stars, University of Illinois:Merope (23 Tauri)
  • NGC 1435 - Merope Nebula LRGB image with 4 hours total exposure.


April 12, 2024
merope, star, merope, designated, tauri, abbreviated, star, constellation, taurus, member, pleiades, star, cluster, approximately, light, years, away, meropemerope, pleiades, cluster, circled, observation, dataepoch, j2000, equinox, j2000constellation, taurusr. Merope ˈ m ɛr e p iː 12 designated 23 Tauri abbreviated 23 Tau is a star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades star cluster It is approximately 440 light years 135 pc away MeropeMerope in the Pleiades cluster circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation TaurusRight ascension 03h 46m 19 5859s 1 Declination 23 56 54 092 1 Apparent magnitude V 4 18 2 CharacteristicsSpectral type B6IV e 3 U B color index 0 41 4 B V color index 0 06 4 Variable type b Cephei 5 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 6 2 6 km sProper motion m RA 13 075 1 mas yr Dec 48 404 1 mas yrParallax p 7 0670 0 2862 mas 1 Distance460 20 ly 142 6 pc Absolute magnitude MV 1 29 7 DetailsMass4 25 8 M Radius7 7 9 R Luminosity927 10 L Surface gravity log g 3 48 10 cgsTemperature14 550 10 KRotational velocity v sin i 240 10 km sAge212 11 MyrOther designationsMerope 23 Tau V971 Tauri HR 1156 BD 23 522 HD 23480 HIP 17608 SAO 76172 GC 4512 CCDM J03463 2357ADatabase referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Distance 2 Description 3 Nomenclature 4 References 5 External linksDistance editDespite being one of the closest star clusters to Earth the distance to the Pleiades and its member stars is still in dispute The parallax of Merope itself is not known precisely enough to give an accurate distance Its Hipparcos parallax has a statistical margin of error of about 5 and gave a distance 116 parsecs This and an overall distance to the Pleiades calculated from Hipparcos parallaxes of 120 parsecs are inconsistent with other parallax measurements such as from Gaia Merope is too bright for Gaia to have a reliable parallax for it but calculations of the overall distance to the Pleiades cluster using Hipparcos Gaia Hubble Space Telescope and other methods repeatedly show that the Hipparcos parallaxes suffered from some kind of systemic error and the distance to the Pleiades is most likely around 135 parsecs 13 14 15 16 17 Description edit nbsp A light curve for V971 Tauri Merope adapted from White et al 2017 18 Merope is a blue white B type subgiant with a mean apparent magnitude of 4 18 Richard Hinckley Allen described the star as lucid white and violet 19 It has a luminosity of 927 times that of the Sun and a surface temperature of 14 550 K Merope s mass is roughly 4 25 M and has a radius more than 7 times as great as the Sun s It is classified as a Beta Cephei type variable star and its brightness varies by 0 01 magnitudes 5 It is given the variable star designation of V971 Tauri Some papers have reported a companion star to Merope at a separation of 250 mas as well as several other visual companions farther out These possible companions have not been confirmed 20 Surrounding Merope is the Merope Nebula NGC 1435 It appears brightest around Merope and is listed in the Index Catalogue as number IC 349 Nomenclature edit23 Tauri is the star s Flamsteed designation The name Merope originates with Greek mythology she is one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione known as the Pleiades In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 21 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 22 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Merope for this star It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names 23 References edit a b c d e Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration 2021 Gaia Early Data Release 3 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 649 A1 arXiv 2012 01533 Bibcode 2021A amp A 649A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657 S2CID 227254300 Erratum doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202039657e Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR Ducati J R 2002 VizieR Online Data Catalog Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson s 11 color system CDS ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237 Bibcode 2002yCat 2237 0D Slettebak A 1982 Spectral types and rotational velocities of the brighter Be stars and A F type shell stars Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 50 55 Bibcode 1982ApJS 50 55S doi 10 1086 190820 a b Crawford D L Barnes J V Golson J C 1971 Four color Hbeta and UBV photometry for bright B type stars in the northern hemisphere The Astronomical Journal 76 1058 Bibcode 1971AJ 76 1058C doi 10 1086 111220 a b Samus N N Durlevich O V et al 2009 VizieR Online Data Catalog General Catalogue of Variable Stars Samus 2007 2013 VizieR On line Data Catalog B GCVS Originally Published in 2009yCat 102025S 1 Bibcode 2009yCat 102025S Wilson Ralph Elmer 1953 General catalogue of stellar radial velocities Washington Bibcode 1953GCRV C 0W Anderson E Francis Ch 2012 XHIP An extended hipparcos compilation Astronomy Letters 38 5 331 arXiv 1108 4971 Bibcode 2012AstL 38 331A doi 10 1134 S1063773712050015 S2CID 119257644 Zorec J Royer F January 2012 Rotational velocities of A type stars IV Evolution of rotational velocities Astronomy and Astrophysics 537 A120 arXiv 1201 2052 Bibcode 2012A amp A 537A 120Z doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201117691 ISSN 0004 6361 S2CID 55586789 McDonald I Zijlstra A A Watson R A 2017 Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Tycho Gaia stars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 1 770 arXiv 1706 02208 Bibcode 2017MNRAS 471 770M doi 10 1093 mnras stx1433 a b c d Zorec J et al November 2016 Critical study of the distribution of rotational velocities of Be stars I Deconvolution methods effects due to gravity darkening macroturbulence and binarity Astronomy amp Astrophysics 595 26 Bibcode 2016A amp A 595A 132Z doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201628760 hdl 11336 37946 Gontcharov G A 2012 Dependence of kinematics on the age of stars in the solar neighborhood Astronomy Letters 38 12 771 782 arXiv 1606 08814 Bibcode 2012AstL 38 771G doi 10 1134 S1063773712120031 S2CID 118345778 Davis George A 1944 The pronunciations derivations and meanings of a selected list of star names Popular Astronomy 52 8 30 Bibcode 1944PA 52 8D Galli P A B Moraux E Bouy H Bouvier J Olivares J Teixeira R 2017 A revised moving cluster distance to the Pleiades open cluster Astronomy and Astrophysics 598 A48 arXiv 1610 05641 Bibcode 2017A amp A 598A 48G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201629239 S2CID 119225372 Melis Carl Reid Mark J Mioduszewski Amy J Stauffer John R et al 29 August 2014 A VLBI resolution of the Pleiades distance controversy Science 345 6200 1029 1032 arXiv 1408 6544 Bibcode 2014Sci 345 1029M doi 10 1126 science 1256101 PMID 25170147 S2CID 34750246 Anthony G A Brown GAIA Collaboration 2016 Gaia Data Release 1 Summary of the astrometric photometric and survey properties Astronomy and Astrophysics forthcoming article 595 A2 arXiv 1609 04172 Bibcode 2016A amp A 595A 2G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201629512 S2CID 1828208 Abramson Guillermo 20 August 2018 The Distance to the Pleiades According to Gaia DR2 Research Notes of the AAS 2 3 150 Bibcode 2018RNAAS 2 150A doi 10 3847 2515 5172 aada8b Soderblom D R Nelan E Benedict G F McArthur B et al 2005 Confirmation of Errors in Hipparcos Parallaxes from Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Astrometry of the Pleiades Astronomical Journal 129 3 1616 1624 arXiv astro ph 0412093 Bibcode 2005AJ 129 1616S doi 10 1086 427860 S2CID 15354711 White T R Pope B J S Antoci V Papics P I Aerts C Gies D R Gordon K Huber D Schaefer G H Aigrain S Albrecht S Barclay T Barentsen G Beck P G Bedding T R Fredslund M Andersen M Fredslund Grundahl F Howell S B Ireland M J Murphy S J Nielsen M B Aguirre V Silva Tuthill P G November 2017 Beyond the Kepler K2 bright limit variability in the seven brightest members of the Pleiades Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 3 2882 2901 arXiv 1708 07462 Bibcode 2017MNRAS 471 2882W doi 10 1093 mnras stx1050 Merope Star Names and their Meanings Richard Hinckley Allen Dover Publications 1963 p 407 Hutter D J Tycner C Zavala R T Benson J A Hummel C A Zirm H 2021 Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry III A Magnitude limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 257 2 69 arXiv 2109 06839 Bibcode 2021ApJS 257 69H doi 10 3847 1538 4365 ac23cb S2CID 237503492 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merope star Jim Kaler s Stars University of Illinois Merope 23 Tauri NGC 1435 Merope Nebula LRGB image with 4 hours total exposure Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Merope star amp oldid 1195794001, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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