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Erymanthian boar

January 01, 1970

In Greek mythology, the Erymanthian boar (Greek: ὁ Ἐρυμάνθιος κάπρος; Latin: aper Erymanthius) was a mythical creature that took the form of a "shaggy and wild"[1] "tameless"[2] "boar"[3] "of vast weight"[4] "and foaming jaws".[2] It was a Tegeaean,[4] Maenalusian[1] or Erymanthian[3] boar that lived in the "glens of Lampeia"[5] beside the "vast marsh of Erymanthus".[5] It would sally[6] from the "thick-wooded",[1] "cypress-bearing"[4] "heights of Erymanthus"[1] to "harry the groves of Arcady"[1] and "abuse the land of Psophis".[6]

Erymanthian boar
Heracles, Eurystheus and the Erymanthian boar. Side A from an Ancient Greek black-figured amphora, painted by the Antimenes painter, ca. 525 BC, from Etruria. Louvre Museum, Paris.
GroupingLegendary creature
FolkloreGreek mythology
CountryGreece
HabitatMount Erymanthos

Mythology edit

The fourth labour of Heracles was to bring the Erymanthian boar alive to Eurystheus in Mycenae.[5] To capture the boar, Heracles first "chased the boar with shouts"[6] and thereby routed it from a "certain thicket"[6] and then "drove the exhausted animal into deep snow."[6] He then "trapped it",[6] bound it in chains,[5] and lifted it, still "breathing from the dust",[7] and returning with the boar on "his left shoulder",[7] "staining his back with blood from the stricken wound",[7] he cast it down in the "entrance to the assembly of the Mycenaeans",[5] thus completing his fourth labour. "When the king [Eurystheus] saw him carrying the boar on his shoulders, he was terrified and hid himself in a bronze vessel."[8]

"The inhabitants of Cumae, in the land of the Opici, profess that the boar's tusks which are preserved in the sanctuary of Apollo at Cumae are the tusks of the Erymanthian boar, but the assertion is without a shred of probability."[9]

In the primitive highlands of Arcadia, where old practices lingered, the Erymanthian boar was a giant fear-inspiring creature of the wilds that lived on Mount Erymanthos, a mountain that was apparently once sacred to the Mistress of the Animals, for in classical times it remained the haunt of Artemis (Homer, Odyssey, VI.105). A boar was a dangerous animal: "When the goddess turned a wrathful countenance upon a country, as in the story of Meleager, she would send a raging boar, which laid waste the farmers' fields."[10]

 
Heracles and the Erymanthian Boar, by Francisco de Zurbarán, 1634 (Museo del Prado)

Cultural depictions edit

Chronological listing of classical literature sources for the Erymanthian boar:

  • Sophocles, Trachiniae 1097 (trans. Jebb) (Greek tragedy C5th BC)
  • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1. 67-111 (trans. Coleridge) (Greek epic poetry C3rd BC)
  • Callimachus, Epigrams 36 (trans. Mair) (Greek poetry C3rd BC)
  • Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 4. 12. 1-2 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek history C1st BC)
  • Virgil, Aeneid 6. 801 ff (trans. Dewey) (Roman epic poetry C1st BC)
  • Lucretius, Of The Nature of Things 5. Proem 1 (trans. Leonard) (Roman philosophy C1st BC)
  • Ovid, Metamorphoses 9. 191 (trans. Melville) (Roman epic poetry C1st BC to C1st AD)
  • Ovid, Heroides 9. 87 ff (trans. Showerman) (Roman poetry C1st BC to C1st AD)
  • Philippus of Thessalonica, The Twelve Labors of Hercules (The Greek Classics ed. Miller Vol 3 1909 p. 397) (Greek epigrams C1st AD)
  • Seneca, Hercules Furens 228 ff (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st AD)
  • Seneca, Hercules Oetaeus 17-30 (trans. Miller)
  • Statius, Thebaid 4. 297 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic poetry C1st AD)
  • Statius, Thebaid 8. 746 ff
  • Plutarch, Moralia, On the Fortune of Alexander 341. 11 ff (trans. Babbitt) (Greek philosophy C1st AD to C2nd AD)
  • Pseudo-Apollodorus, The Library 2. 5. 3-4 (trans. Frazer) (Greek mythography C2nd AD)
  • Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 30 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythography C2nd AD)
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece 8 24. 5-6 (trans. Frazer) (Greek travelogue C2nd AD)
  • Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 6. 220 ff (trans. Way) (Greek epic poetry C4th AD)
  • Nonnus, Dionysiaca 25. 194 (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic poetry C5th AD)
  • Nonnos, Dionysiaca 25. 242 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic poetry C5th AD)
  • Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy 4. 7. 13 ff (trans. Rand & Stewart) (Roman philosophy C6th AD)
  • Suidas s.v. Dryopes (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th AD)
  • Tzetzes, Chiliades or Book of Histories 2. 268 ff (trans. Untila et al.) (Byzantinian history C12 AD)
  • Tzetzes, Chiliades or Book of Histories 2. 494 ff

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Hercules Furens 228 ff.". Seneca's Tragedies. Vol. 1. Translated by Miller, Frank Justus. London; New York: William Heinemann; G. R Putnam's Sons. 1917. p. 21. ark:/13960/t71v5s15x.
  2. ^ a b "The Fall of Troy, Book VI. 220 ff.". Quintus Smyrnaeus The Fall Of Troy. Translated by Way, A. S. London; Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd; Harvard University Press. 1984 [1913]. p. 271. ark:/13960/t2m61f62d.
  3. ^ a b "Trachiniai. 1097". Sophocles The Plays and Fragments. Vol. 5 The Trachiniae. Translated by Jebb, R. C. Cambridge: The University Press. 1892. p. 159. ark:/13960/t6tx3f955.
  4. ^ a b c "The Heroides 9. 87 ff". Ovid Heroides And Amores. Translated by Showerman, Grant. London; New York: William Heinemann; The Macmillan Co. 1914. p. 115. ark:/13960/t76t0t11q.
  5. ^ a b c d e "The Argonautica. Book 1 67-111". "The Argonautica" of Apollonius Rhodius. Translated by Coleridge, Edward P. London: George Bell And Sons, York Street, Covent Garden. 1889. p. 8. ark:/13960/t03x8577n.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "The Library 2. 5. 3-4". Apollodorus the Library. Vol. 1. Translated by Frazer, Sir James George. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. pp. 191 with the Scholiast. ark:/13960/t00012x9f.
  7. ^ a b c "Thebaid, VIII. 731-760. 746 ff.". Statius. Vol. 2. Translated by Mozley, J. H. London ; New York: William Heinemann Ltd.; G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. p. 249. ark:/13960/t19k4m13k.
  8. ^ "Book 4. 12. 1-2". Diodorus of Sicily. Vol. 2. Translated by Oldfather, C. H. London; Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd; Harvard University Press. 1967 [1935]. p. 381. ark:/13960/t7qn6bw6r.
  9. ^ "Bk. VIII. Arcadia 24. 5-6". Pausanias's Description of Greece. Translated by Frazer, J. G. London; New York: Macmillan and Co. Limited; The Macmillan Company. 1898. p. 402. ark:/13960/t5t72bt15.
  10. ^ Kerenyi (1959), p. 149.

External links edit

  • Theoi Project: Erymanthian Boar, Giant boar of Arcadia

January 01, 1970
erymanthian, boar, greek, mythology, greek, Ἐρυμάνθιος, κάπρος, latin, aper, erymanthius, mythical, creature, that, took, form, shaggy, wild, tameless, boar, vast, weight, foaming, jaws, tegeaean, maenalusian, erymanthian, boar, that, lived, glens, lampeia, be. In Greek mythology the Erymanthian boar Greek ὁ Ἐryman8ios kapros Latin aper Erymanthius was a mythical creature that took the form of a shaggy and wild 1 tameless 2 boar 3 of vast weight 4 and foaming jaws 2 It was a Tegeaean 4 Maenalusian 1 or Erymanthian 3 boar that lived in the glens of Lampeia 5 beside the vast marsh of Erymanthus 5 It would sally 6 from the thick wooded 1 cypress bearing 4 heights of Erymanthus 1 to harry the groves of Arcady 1 and abuse the land of Psophis 6 Erymanthian boarHeracles Eurystheus and the Erymanthian boar Side A from an Ancient Greek black figured amphora painted by the Antimenes painter ca 525 BC from Etruria Louvre Museum Paris GroupingLegendary creatureFolkloreGreek mythologyCountryGreeceHabitatMount Erymanthos Contents 1 Mythology 2 Cultural depictions 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMythology editThe fourth labour of Heracles was to bring the Erymanthian boar alive to Eurystheus in Mycenae 5 To capture the boar Heracles first chased the boar with shouts 6 and thereby routed it from a certain thicket 6 and then drove the exhausted animal into deep snow 6 He then trapped it 6 bound it in chains 5 and lifted it still breathing from the dust 7 and returning with the boar on his left shoulder 7 staining his back with blood from the stricken wound 7 he cast it down in the entrance to the assembly of the Mycenaeans 5 thus completing his fourth labour When the king Eurystheus saw him carrying the boar on his shoulders he was terrified and hid himself in a bronze vessel 8 The inhabitants of Cumae in the land of the Opici profess that the boar s tusks which are preserved in the sanctuary of Apollo at Cumae are the tusks of the Erymanthian boar but the assertion is without a shred of probability 9 In the primitive highlands of Arcadia where old practices lingered the Erymanthian boar was a giant fear inspiring creature of the wilds that lived on Mount Erymanthos a mountain that was apparently once sacred to the Mistress of the Animals for in classical times it remained the haunt of Artemis Homer Odyssey VI 105 A boar was a dangerous animal When the goddess turned a wrathful countenance upon a country as in the story of Meleager she would send a raging boar which laid waste the farmers fields 10 nbsp Heracles and the Erymanthian Boar by Francisco de Zurbaran 1634 Museo del Prado Cultural depictions editChronological listing of classical literature sources for the Erymanthian boar Sophocles Trachiniae 1097 trans Jebb Greek tragedy C5th BC Apollonius Rhodius Argonautica 1 67 111 trans Coleridge Greek epic poetry C3rd BC Callimachus Epigrams 36 trans Mair Greek poetry C3rd BC Diodorus of Sicily Library of History 4 12 1 2 trans Oldfather Greek history C1st BC Virgil Aeneid 6 801 ff trans Dewey Roman epic poetry C1st BC Lucretius Of The Nature of Things 5 Proem 1 trans Leonard Roman philosophy C1st BC Ovid Metamorphoses 9 191 trans Melville Roman epic poetry C1st BC to C1st AD Ovid Heroides 9 87 ff trans Showerman Roman poetry C1st BC to C1st AD Philippus of Thessalonica The Twelve Labors of Hercules The Greek Classics ed Miller Vol 3 1909 p 397 Greek epigrams C1st AD Seneca Hercules Furens 228 ff trans Miller Roman tragedy C1st AD Seneca Hercules Oetaeus 17 30 trans Miller Statius Thebaid 4 297 ff trans Mozley Roman epic poetry C1st AD Statius Thebaid 8 746 ff Plutarch Moralia On the Fortune of Alexander 341 11 ff trans Babbitt Greek philosophy C1st AD to C2nd AD Pseudo Apollodorus The Library 2 5 3 4 trans Frazer Greek mythography C2nd AD Pseudo Hyginus Fabulae 30 trans Grant Roman mythography C2nd AD Pausanias Description of Greece 8 24 5 6 trans Frazer Greek travelogue C2nd AD Quintus Smyrnaeus Fall of Troy 6 220 ff trans Way Greek epic poetry C4th AD Nonnus Dionysiaca 25 194 trans Rouse Greek epic poetry C5th AD Nonnos Dionysiaca 25 242 ff trans Rouse Greek epic poetry C5th AD Boethius The Consolation of Philosophy 4 7 13 ff trans Rand amp Stewart Roman philosophy C6th AD Suidas s v Dryopes trans Suda On Line Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th AD Tzetzes Chiliades or Book of Histories 2 268 ff trans Untila et al Byzantinian history C12 AD Tzetzes Chiliades or Book of Histories 2 494 ffSee also editCalydonian boar hunt List of mythological pigsReferences edit a b c d e Hercules Furens 228 ff Seneca s Tragedies Vol 1 Translated by Miller Frank Justus London New York William Heinemann G R Putnam s Sons 1917 p 21 ark 13960 t71v5s15x a b The Fall of Troy Book VI 220 ff Quintus Smyrnaeus The Fall Of Troy Translated by Way A S London Cambridge Massachusetts William Heinemann Ltd Harvard University Press 1984 1913 p 271 ark 13960 t2m61f62d a b Trachiniai 1097 Sophocles The Plays and Fragments Vol 5 The Trachiniae Translated by Jebb R C Cambridge The University Press 1892 p 159 ark 13960 t6tx3f955 a b c The Heroides 9 87 ff Ovid Heroides And Amores Translated by Showerman Grant London New York William Heinemann The Macmillan Co 1914 p 115 ark 13960 t76t0t11q a b c d e The Argonautica Book 1 67 111 The Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius Translated by Coleridge Edward P London George Bell And Sons York Street Covent Garden 1889 p 8 ark 13960 t03x8577n a b c d e f The Library 2 5 3 4 Apollodorus the Library Vol 1 Translated by Frazer Sir James George New York G P Putnam s Sons 1921 pp 191 with the Scholiast ark 13960 t00012x9f a b c Thebaid VIII 731 760 746 ff Statius Vol 2 Translated by Mozley J H London New York William Heinemann Ltd G P Putnam s Sons 1928 p 249 ark 13960 t19k4m13k Book 4 12 1 2 Diodorus of Sicily Vol 2 Translated by Oldfather C H London Cambridge Massachusetts William Heinemann Ltd Harvard University Press 1967 1935 p 381 ark 13960 t7qn6bw6r Bk VIII Arcadia 24 5 6 Pausanias s Description of Greece Translated by Frazer J G London New York Macmillan and Co Limited The Macmillan Company 1898 p 402 ark 13960 t5t72bt15 Kerenyi 1959 p 149 External links editGraves Robert The Greek Myths 1955 Kerenyi Karl The Heroes of the Greeks 1959 Carl A P Ruck and Danny Staples The World of Classical Myth 1994 Ovid Heroides Pseudo Apollodorus Bibliotheca ii 5 4 Diodorus Siculus iv 12 Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica i 122ff Pausanias Description of Greece i 27 9Greek Mountain FloraTheoi Project Erymanthian Boar Giant boar of Arcadia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Erymanthian boar amp oldid 1219650913, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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