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Erg

October 15, 2023

For other uses, see Erg (disambiguation). "Ergs" redirects here. For other uses, see Ergs (disambiguation). "Micro-erg" redirects here. Not to be confused with Micro ERG.

The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10−7 joules (100 nJ). It originated in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). It has the symbol erg. The erg is not an SI unit. Its name is derived from ergon (ἔργον), a Greek word meaning 'work' or 'task'.[1]

erg
Unit systemCGS units
Unit ofenergy
Symbolerg
Derivation1 erg = 1 dyn⋅cm
Conversions
1 erg in ...... is equal to ...
   CGS base units   1 cm2⋅g⋅s−2
   SI units   10−7 J
   British Gravitational System   7.375621×10−8 ft⋅lbf

An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetre. In the CGS base units, it is equal to one gram centimetre-squared per second-squared (g⋅cm2/s2). It is thus equal to 10−7 joules or 100 nanojoules (nJ) in SI units.

  • 1 erg = 10−7 J = 100 nJ
  • 1 erg = 10−10 sn⋅m = 100 psn⋅m = 100 picosthène-metres
  • 1 erg = 624.15 GeV = 6.2415×1011 eV
  • 1 erg = 1 dyn⋅cm = 1 g⋅cm2/s2
  • 1 erg = 2.77778×10−11 W⋅h

History Edit

In 1864, Rudolf Clausius proposed the Greek word ἐργον (ergon) for the unit of energy, work and heat.[2][3] In 1873, a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, including British physicists James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson recommended the general adoption of the centimetre, the gramme, and the second as fundamental units (C.G.S. System of Units). To distinguish derived units, they recommended using the prefix "C.G.S. unit of ..." and requested that the word erg or ergon be strictly limited to refer to the C.G.S. unit of energy.[4]

In 1922, chemist William Draper Harkins proposed the name micri-erg as a convenient unit to measure the surface energy of molecules[5] in surface chemistry.[6][7] It would equate to 10−14 erg,[5][8][9][10][11] the equivalent to 10−21 joule.

The erg has not been a valid unit since 1 January 1978[12] when the European Economic Community ratified a directive of 1971 that implemented the International System (SI) as agreed by the General Conference of Weights and Measures.[13] It is still widely used in astrophysics[14][better source needed] and sometimes in mechanics.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Goodell, Thomas Dwight (1889). The Greek in English (2nd ed.). Henry Holt and Company. p. 40.
  2. ^ Clausius, Rudolf (1867). "Appendices to Sixth Memoir [1864]. Appendix A. On Terminology.". In Hirst, T. Archer (ed.). The Mechanical Theory of Heat, With Its Applications to the Steam-engine and to the Physical Properties of Bodies. London: J. Van Voorst. p. 253. Retrieved 2014-03-17. editions:PwR_Sbkwa8IC.
  3. ^ Howard, Irmgard K. (2001). "S is for Entropy. U is for Energy. What Was Clausius Thinking?" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 78 (4): 505. Bibcode:2001JChEd..78..505H. doi:10.1021/ed078p505. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
  4. ^ Thomson, Sir W; Foster, Professor GC; Maxwell, Professor JC; Stoney, Mr GJ; Jenkin, Professor Fleeming; Siemens, Dr; Bramwell, Mr FJ (September 1873). Everett, Professor (ed.). First Report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units. Forty-third Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Bradford: John Murray. p. 224. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
  5. ^ a b Jerrard, H. G.; McNeill, D. B. (1993) [1963]. A Dictionary of Scientific Units - Including dimensionless numbers and scales (6 ed.). London: Chapman and Hall. p. 100. ISBN 0412467208. OCLC 803100353. OL 1351307M.
  6. ^ Cardarelli, François (1999) [1966]. Scientific unit conversion: A practical guide to metrication (2 ed.). Springer-Verlag London Limited. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0805-4. ISBN 978-1-85233-043-9. 1447108051, 9781447108054. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  7. ^ Cardarelli, François (2003). Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Springer-Verlag London Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4471-1122-1.
  8. ^ Roberts, Lathrop Emerson; Harkins, William Draper; Clark, George Lindenberg (2013-07-01) [1922]. The Orientation of Molecules in Surfaces, Surface Energy, Adsorption, and Surface Catalysis. V. The Adhesional Work Between Organic Liquids and Water: Vaporization in Steps as Related to Surface Formation. Retrieved 2015-08-25. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Holmes, Harry N. (1925). Colloid Symposium Monograph - Papers Presented at the Second National Symposium on Colloid Chemistry, Northwestern University, June, 1924. Vol. 2. The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
  10. ^ "Journal of the American Chemical Society - Issues for 1898-1901 include Review of American chemical research, v. 4-7; 1879-1937, the society's Proceedings". Journal of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society. 44: 665. 1922. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
  11. ^ Partington, James Riddick (2010-02-17) [1949]. An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry: Fundamental principles. The properties of gases. Vol. 1. Longmans, Green. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  12. ^ Neufert, Ernst; Neufert, Peter; Kister, Johannes (2012-03-26). Architects' Data. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781405192538.
  13. ^ Jennings, W. A. (October 1972). "SI units in radiation measurement". The British Journal of Radiology. 45 (538): 784–785. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-45-538-784. ISSN 0007-1285. PMID 5078949.
  14. ^ "Are ergs commonly used in astrophysics? If so, is there a specific reason for it?". Physics Stack Exchange. 2016-02-12. Retrieved 2018-09-15.

October 15, 2023
other, uses, disambiguation, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, micro, redirects, here, confused, with, micro, unit, energy, equal, joules, originated, centimetre, gram, second, system, units, symbol, unit, name, derived, from, ergon, ἔργον, greek, . For other uses see Erg disambiguation Ergs redirects here For other uses see Ergs disambiguation Micro erg redirects here Not to be confused with Micro ERG The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10 7 joules 100 nJ It originated in the Centimetre gram second system of units CGS It has the symbol erg The erg is not an SI unit Its name is derived from ergon ἔrgon a Greek word meaning work or task 1 ergUnit systemCGS unitsUnit ofenergySymbolergDerivation1 erg 1 dyn cmConversions1 erg in is equal to CGS base units 1 cm2 g s 2 SI units 10 7 J British Gravitational System 7 375621 10 8 ft lbfAn erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetre In the CGS base units it is equal to one gram centimetre squared per second squared g cm2 s2 It is thus equal to 10 7 joules or 100 nanojoules nJ in SI units 1 erg 10 7 J 100 nJ 1 erg 10 10 sn m 100 psn m 100 picosthene metres 1 erg 624 15 GeV 6 2415 1011 eV 1 erg 1 dyn cm 1 g cm2 s2 1 erg 2 77778 10 11 W hHistory EditIn 1864 Rudolf Clausius proposed the Greek word ἐrgon ergon for the unit of energy work and heat 2 3 In 1873 a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science including British physicists James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson recommended the general adoption of the centimetre the gramme and the second as fundamental units C G S System of Units To distinguish derived units they recommended using the prefix C G S unit of and requested that the word erg or ergon be strictly limited to refer to the C G S unit of energy 4 In 1922 chemist William Draper Harkins proposed the name micri erg as a convenient unit to measure the surface energy of molecules 5 in surface chemistry 6 7 It would equate to 10 14 erg 5 8 9 10 11 the equivalent to 10 21 joule The erg has not been a valid unit since 1 January 1978 12 when the European Economic Community ratified a directive of 1971 that implemented the International System SI as agreed by the General Conference of Weights and Measures 13 It is still widely used in astrophysics 14 better source needed and sometimes in mechanics See also EditFoe unit relative measure for energy released by a supernova Lumen second for the lumerg and lumberg units Metre tonne second system of unitsReferences Edit Goodell Thomas Dwight 1889 The Greek in English 2nd ed Henry Holt and Company p 40 Clausius Rudolf 1867 Appendices to Sixth Memoir 1864 Appendix A On Terminology In Hirst T Archer ed The Mechanical Theory of Heat With Its Applications to the Steam engine and to the Physical Properties of Bodies London J Van Voorst p 253 Retrieved 2014 03 17 editions PwR Sbkwa8IC Howard Irmgard K 2001 S is for Entropy U is for Energy What Was Clausius Thinking PDF Journal of Chemical Education 78 4 505 Bibcode 2001JChEd 78 505H doi 10 1021 ed078p505 Retrieved 2014 03 17 Thomson Sir W Foster Professor GC Maxwell Professor JC Stoney Mr GJ Jenkin Professor Fleeming Siemens Dr Bramwell Mr FJ September 1873 Everett Professor ed First Report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units Forty third Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science Bradford John Murray p 224 Retrieved 2014 03 17 a b Jerrard H G McNeill D B 1993 1963 A Dictionary of Scientific Units Including dimensionless numbers and scales 6 ed London Chapman and Hall p 100 ISBN 0412467208 OCLC 803100353 OL 1351307M Cardarelli Francois 1999 1966 Scientific unit conversion A practical guide to metrication 2 ed Springer Verlag London Limited doi 10 1007 978 1 4471 0805 4 ISBN 978 1 85233 043 9 1447108051 9781447108054 Retrieved 2015 08 25 Cardarelli Francois 2003 Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units Weights and Measures Springer Verlag London Ltd ISBN 978 1 4471 1122 1 Roberts Lathrop Emerson Harkins William Draper Clark George Lindenberg 2013 07 01 1922 The Orientation of Molecules in Surfaces Surface Energy Adsorption and Surface Catalysis V The Adhesional Work Between Organic Liquids and Water Vaporization in Steps as Related to Surface Formation Retrieved 2015 08 25 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Holmes Harry N 1925 Colloid Symposium Monograph Papers Presented at the Second National Symposium on Colloid Chemistry Northwestern University June 1924 Vol 2 The Chemical Catalog Company Inc Retrieved 2015 02 15 Journal of the American Chemical Society Issues for 1898 1901 include Review of American chemical research v 4 7 1879 1937 the society s Proceedings Journal of the American Chemical Society American Chemical Society 44 665 1922 ISSN 0002 7863 Retrieved 2015 02 15 Partington James Riddick 2010 02 17 1949 An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry Fundamental principles The properties of gases Vol 1 Longmans Green Retrieved 2015 08 25 Neufert Ernst Neufert Peter Kister Johannes 2012 03 26 Architects Data John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9781405192538 Jennings W A October 1972 SI units in radiation measurement The British Journal of Radiology 45 538 784 785 doi 10 1259 0007 1285 45 538 784 ISSN 0007 1285 PMID 5078949 Are ergs commonly used in astrophysics If so is there a specific reason for it Physics Stack Exchange 2016 02 12 Retrieved 2018 09 15 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Erg amp oldid 1168124893, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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